SIST EN 301 842-1 V1.3.1:2007

• Abstract:

  The present document applies to the following radio equipment types:; Very High Frequency (VHF) Digital Link (VDL) Mode 4 ground-based radio transmitters and receivers for air-ground communications operating in the VHF band, using Gaussian-filtered Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK) Modulation with 25 kHz channel spacing and capable of tuning to any of the 25 kHz channels from 118,000 MHz to 136,975 MHz as defined in ICAO VHF Digital Link (VDL) Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) [2]. The present document provides part 1 of the technical specification. The present document is designed to ensure that equipment certified to it will be compatible with the relevant ICAO VHF Digital Link (VDL) Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) [2] and VDL Mode 4 Technical Manual (TM) [1] and with the SES 552/2004 interoperability Regulation [10]. Manufacturers should note that in future the tuning range for the ground transceivers may also cover any 25 kHz channel from 108,000 MHz to 117,975 MHz. The scope of the present document is limited to ground stations. The equivalent specification for airborne stations is EN 302 842 [8]. The VDL Mode 4 system provides digital communication exchanges between aircraft and ground-based systems and other aircraft supporting surveillance and communication applications. The supported modes of communication include:; broadcast and point-to-point communication;; broadcast services including Automatic Dependent Surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B), Traffic Information Service - Broadcast (TIS-B) and Flight Information Service - Broadcast (FIS-B) capabilities;; air-air, air-to-ground, and ground-to-air services;; operation without ground infrastructure.; The present document is derived from the specifications:; VDL Mode 4 standards produced under the auspices of the International Civil Aviation Organization; (ICAO) [1] and [2];; Other relevant standards as defined in clause 2.; It is envisaged that manufacturers may provide equipment supporting:; broadcast services only;; point-to-point services only;; both broadcast and point-to-point services.; The present document deals with tests of the physical layer necessary to support all types of equipment.; The present document includes:; clause 2 provides references to relevant documents;; clause 3 provides general definitions, abbreviations and symbols used;; clause 4 refers to a general description and architecture of VDL Mode 4 contained in; EN 301 842-2 [7];; clause 5 provides functional specifications applicable to the physical layer including transmitter/receiver requirements and the modulation scheme;; clause 6 provides general equipment requirements;; clause 7 provides general design requirements;; clause 8 covers general test conditions, environmental tests and calibration;; clause 9 provides detailed test procedures for the physical layer;; annex A provides a detailed cross-reference to the relevant requirements contained in reference [1];; annex B provides a Bibliography;; a document history.; The full physical layer tests are provided which correspond closely to the standard set of tests used for other VDL systems.

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Jan-2007
• ICS: 33.060.99 - Other equipment for radiocommunications
• ICS: 33.100.01 - Electromagnetic compatibility in general
• Technical Committee: MOC - Mobile Communications
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 01-Feb-2007
• Due Date: 01-Feb-2007
• Completion Date: 01-Feb-2007
• Mandate: M/239
• Ref Project: ETSI EN 301 842-1 V1.3.1 (2006-11) - Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); VHF air-ground Digital Link (VDL) Mode 4 radio equipment; Technical characteristics and methods of measurement for ground-based equipment; Part 1: EN for ground equipment

SIST EN 301 842-1 V1.3.1:2007 is the Slovenian adoption of ETSI EN 301 842-1 for VHF air-ground Digital Link (VDL) Mode 4 ground equipment. It specifies the physical-layer technical characteristics and measurement methods for ground-based transmitters, receivers and transceivers operating in the VHF band with Gaussian-filtered Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK), so manufacturers, test laboratories and certification bodies can check interoperability, radio performance and compliance with ICAO and European interoperability requirements.

What does SIST EN 301 842-1 V1.3.1:2007 specify?

SIST EN 301 842-1 V1.3.1:2007 applies to ground-based VDL Mode 4 radio transmitters and receivers for air-ground communications. The scope is limited to ground stations, while the equivalent airborne specification is EN 302 842.

The standard covers equipment that tunes to 25 kHz channels from 118,000 MHz to 136,975 MHz and supports broadcast, point-to-point, air-air, air-to-ground and ground-to-air communication services. It is written around physical-layer performance and the tests needed to verify that performance.

Annex	What it covers
Annex A	Cross reference matrix linking requirements to test procedures
Annex B	Bibliography

The document is organized into clauses for references, definitions, general description and architecture, physical-layer functional specifications, equipment requirements, design requirements, test conditions and detailed physical-layer test procedures.

What are the key requirements of SIST EN 301 842-1 V1.3.1:2007?

SIST EN 301 842-1 V1.3.1:2007 sets the radio waveform, the receiver and transmitter performance targets, and the test conditions used to prove them. In practice, it tells a manufacturer what the ground equipment must do on-air and how a lab should measure it.

Physical layer and modulation

Clause 5 says ground stations shall access the physical layer in duplex mode and use GFSK. The standard also defines the training sequence, modulation index and BT product.

This matters because VDL Mode 4 compliance depends on the exact waveform, not just the operating band. Test gear, demodulators and compliance measurements must match the defined signal shape and timing.

Receiver performance

Clause 6.1 sets the receiver operating range across the 118,000 MHz to 136,975 MHz channel set and defines a reference signal level for receiver tests. It then checks that the receiver meets the required BER under sensitivity, dynamic range, capture range, co-channel interference, adjacent-channel interference, in-band interference and out-of-band rejection conditions.

In practice, a receiver must still decode wanted traffic when adjacent channels, other aeronautical signals or strong outside-band signals are present. Clause 6.1 also includes conducted spurious emission limits and cabinet radiation requirements, so the receiver is assessed for both receive quality and unwanted emissions.

Transmitter performance

Clause 6.2 covers transmitter tuning range, channel bit rate, output power, RF power rise time, RF power release time, conducted spurious emissions, adjacent channel power, wide-band noise, frequency tolerance and load VSWR capability. The transmitter must also meet cabinet radiation requirements.

This matters because the standard checks not only whether the transmitter radiates, but whether it stays inside its assigned channel and stays stable under mismatch. That is what prevents interference to nearby aviation channels and supports reliable certification testing.

Transceiver timing and safety behavior

Clause 6.3 covers start of transmission, automatic transmitter shutdown, receiver-to-transmitter turnaround time, transmitter-to-receiver turnaround time and system timing requirements. The station must fit VDL Mode 4 slot timing and must stop transmitting if it cannot maintain primary or secondary time.

In practice, this is the part that keeps the system synchronized with slot structure and prevents unsafe or unusable transmissions. It is especially important for scheduled burst operation and for stations that must switch quickly between transmitting and receiving.

Design and operating conditions

Clause 7 requires a visual on indication, confirms the use of GFSK with 25 kHz channel separation, and sets a warm-up requirement. Clause 8 then defines the test power source, test channels, receiver test-signal arrangement, normal test conditions and extreme test conditions.

For compliance work, this means the equipment is checked at three representative channels, under normal room conditions and at extreme temperatures. The standard also defines the laboratory setup for repeatable measurements.

What terms does SIST EN 301 842-1 V1.3.1:2007 define?

• Gaussian Filtered Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK) - The modulation used by VDL Mode 4, combining frequency shift keying with Gaussian pulse shaping.
• Bit Error Rate (BER) - The ratio of erroneous bits received to total bits received.
• Adjacent Channel Rejection (ACR) - The receiver’s ability to meet the BER requirement when an adjacent-channel interferer is present.
• Co-Channel Interference (CCI) - Interference on the same assigned frequency as the wanted signal.
• Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) - A broadcast surveillance service that sends position and related aircraft data for air and ground users.
• Link Management Entity (LME) - The protocol state machine that acquires, establishes and maintains a connection to a peer system.
• Self-organizing Time Division Multiple Access (STDMA) - The access scheme used by VDL Mode 4 to share the RF channel through time slots without a master control station.

Who uses SIST EN 301 842-1 V1.3.1:2007?

SIST EN 301 842-1 V1.3.1:2007 is used by manufacturers of VDL Mode 4 ground radios, especially designers of transmitters, receivers and transceivers for aviation communications. Test laboratories use it to build type-test setups for BER, spectral purity, timing and interference measurements.

It is also used by certification bodies, conformity assessment teams and regulators that need a common basis for approval. Buyers, quality managers and system integrators use it to check that offered ground equipment matches the required VDL Mode 4 operating band, waveform and verification methods.

Which standards are used with SIST EN 301 842-1 V1.3.1:2007?

Reference	What it contributes
ICAO Doc 9816 AN/448 [1]	Detailed VDL Mode 4 technical specifications used as a main technical basis
ICAO Annex 10, Volume III, Chapter 6 [2]	Aeronautical telecommunications requirements for digital data communication systems
ISO/IEC 7498-1 [3]	Open Systems Interconnection basic reference model terms
ISO/IEC 10731 [4]	Conventions for defining OSI services
ETSI EN 300 113-1 [5]	Cabinet radiation requirements for the radio equipment
ETSI EN 301 489-22 [6]	EMC conditions for ground-based VHF aeronautical mobile and fixed radio equipment
ETSI EN 301 842-2 [7]	General description and data link layer for VDL Mode 4 ground equipment
ETSI EN 302 842 [8]	Companion airborne standard for VDL Mode 4 equipment
Directive 1999/5/EC [9]	R&TTE Directive framework referenced by the standard
Regulation (EC) No 552/2004 [10]	Interoperability of the European Air Traffic Management network
ETSI EG 201 399 [11]	Guidance on producing candidate harmonized standards

What does the SIST EN 301 842-1 V1.3.1:2007 document contain?

Clause 9 provides step-by-step laboratory procedures for receiver BER, sensitivity, adjacent channel rejection, rejection of in-band and out-of-band signals, desired-signal dynamic range, symbol-rate capture, frequency capture, co-channel interference, conducted spurious emission, in-band intermodulation, transmitter output power, RF power rise and release times, spurious emissions, adjacent channel power, wide-band noise, frequency error and load VSWR capability.

The procedures use named test setups with VHF signal generators, RF combiners, spectrum analyzers, vector signal analyzers, directional couplers, notch filters and external BER fixtures. The figures show the recommended arrangements for receiver and transmitter measurements, including the intermodulation and adjacent-channel tests.

Table 6.1 gives transmitter spurious-emission limits, and Annex A maps the requirements to the applicable test cases and their status in the Essential Radio Test Suite or Other Test Suite. Annex B gives the bibliography, and the document history records the published versions of the standard.

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-februar-2007
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5DGLMVNDRSUHPD]D9+)GLJLWDOQHSRYH]DYH]UDNWODQDþLQ7HKQLþQH
NDUDNWHULVWLNHLQPHULOQHPHWRGH]DWDOQRRSUHPRGHO(1]DWDOQRRSUHPR
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); VHF air-ground Digital
Link (VDL) Mode 4 radio equipment; Technical characteristics and methods of
measurement for ground-based equipment; Part 1: EN for ground equipment
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 301 842-1 Version 1.3.1
ICS:
33.060.99 Druga oprema za radijske Other equipment for
komunikacije radiocommunications
33.100.01 Elektromagnetna združljivost Electromagnetic compatibility
na splošno in general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

European Standard (Telecommunications series)

Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
VHF air-ground Digital Link (VDL) Mode 4 radio equipment;
Technical characteristics and methods of measurement
for ground-based equipment;
Part 1: EN for ground equipment

2 ETSI EN 301 842-1 V1.3.1 (2006-11)

Reference
REN/ERM-TG25-029-1
Keywords
aeronautical, digital, radio, testing, VHF
ETSI
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ETSI
3 ETSI EN 301 842-1 V1.3.1 (2006-11)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights.6
Foreword.6
Introduction .7
1 Scope.8
2 References.9
3 Definitions and abbreviations.10
3.1 Definitions.10
3.1.1 Basic reference model definitions.10
3.1.2 Service conventions definitions .10
3.1.3 General definitions.11
3.2 Abbreviations.15
4 General description and architecture of VDL Mode 4 .16
4.1 General.16
5 VDL Mode 4 physical layer functional specifications.16
5.1 Overview.16
5.1.1 Functions.16
5.1.2 Data reception.16
5.1.3 Data transmission.16
5.2 Modulation scheme.16
6 VDL Mode 4 equipment requirements.16
6.1 Receiver Requirements.17
6.1.1 Receiver operating range .17
6.1.2 BER requirement.17
6.1.3 Reference signal level.17
6.1.4 Sensitivity.17
6.1.5 Adjacent channel rejection.17
6.1.6 Rejection of signals within the VHF Aeronautical band.17
6.1.7 Rejection of signals outside the VHF Aeronautical band .18
6.1.8 Desired signal dynamic range.18
6.1.9 Symbol rate capture range .18
6.1.10 Frequency capture range.18
6.1.11 Co-channel interference.19
6.1.12 Conducted spurious emission .19
6.1.13 FM Broadcast Intermodulation.19
6.1.13.1 Radio frequencies in the band 117,975 MHz to 137 MHz.19
6.1.14 In-band Intermodulation.19
6.1.15 Cabinet radiation.19
6.2 Transmitter requirements.20
6.2.1 Transmitter operating range.20
6.2.2 Channel Bit Rate.20
6.2.3 Protection of the transmitter.20
6.2.4 Manufacturer's declared output power.20
6.2.5 RF power rise time.20
6.2.6 RF power release time .20
6.2.7 Conducted Spurious emissions .21
6.2.8 Adjacent channel power.21
6.2.9 Wide-band noise.21
6.2.10 Frequency Tolerance.21
6.2.11 Load VSWR capability.21
6.2.12 Cabinet radiation.21
6.3 Transceiver requirements.22
6.3.1 Start of transmission .22
ETSI
4 ETSI EN 301 842-1 V1.3.1 (2006-11)
6.3.2 Automatic transmitter shutdown.22
6.3.3 Receiver to transmitter turnaround time .22
6.3.4 Transmitter to receiver turnaround time .22
6.3.5 System timing requirements .22
7 General design requirements.22
7.1 Controls and indicators.22
7.2 Class of emission and modulation characteristics .22
7.3 Warm up.22
8 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures .23
8.1 Test power source.23
8.2 Test channels.23
8.3 General conditions of measurement .23
8.3.1 Receiver test signal arrangement .23
8.3.2 Performance check.23
8.4 Normal and extreme test conditions .23
8.4.1 Normal test conditions .24
8.4.1.1 Normal temperature and humidity .24
8.4.1.2 Normal power sources.24
8.4.1.2.1 Mains voltage and frequency.24
8.4.1.2.2 Other power sources .24
8.4.2 Extreme test conditions.24
8.4.2.1 Extreme temperatures.24
8.4.2.2 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures.24
8.4.2.2.1 General.24
8.4.2.2.2 High temperature.24
8.4.2.2.3 Low temperature.25
8.4.2.3 Extreme values of test power sources .25
8.4.2.3.1 Mains voltage and frequency.25
9 Detailed Test Procedures for the physical layer.25
9.1 Receiver.25
9.1.1 BER test.25
9.1.2 Sensitivity.27
9.1.3 Adjacent Channel Rejection (ACR).28
9.1.4 Rejection of signals within the VHF Aeronautical band.29
9.1.5 Rejection of signals outside the VHF Aeronautical band .30
9.1.6 Desired Signal dynamic range .30
9.1.7 Symbol rate capture range .31
9.1.8 Frequency capture range.31
9.1.9 Co-channel interference.32
9.1.10 Conducted spurious emission .32
9.1.11 In-band Intermodulation.33
9.2 Transmitter.34
9.2.1 Channel Bit Rate.34
9.2.2 Manufacturer's declared output power.34
9.2.3 RF power rise time.35
9.2.4 RF power release time .35
9.2.5 Spurious emissions.36
9.2.6 Adjacent channel power.36
9.2.6.1 Method of measurement for the first adjacent channel .36
9.2.6.2 Method of measurement for the second adjacent channel.37
9.2.6.3 Method of measurement for the fourth adjacent channel .38
9.2.6.4 Alternative measurement procedure for Adjacent Channel Power (ACP).38
9.2.7 Wide-band noise.39
9.2.8 Frequency Error.40
9.2.8.1 Definition.40
9.2.8.2 Method of measurement.40
9.2.8.3 Limits.40
9.2.9 Load VSWR capability.40
9.3 Physical layer, system parameters.41
9.3.1 Receiver to Transmitter turn-around time.41
ETSI
5 ETSI EN 301 842-1 V1.3.1 (2006-11)
9.3.2 Transmitter to Receiver turn-around time.42
9.3.3 Tuning Time.42
Annex A (informative): Cross reference matrix .43
Annex B (informative): Bibliography.45
History .47

ETSI
6 ETSI EN 301 842-1 V1.3.1 (2006-11)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM).
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering the VHF air-ground Digital Link (VDL) Mode 4
radio equipment; Technical characteristics and methods of measurement for ground-based equipment, as identified
below:
Part 1: "EN for ground equipment";
Part 2: "General description and data link layer";
Part 3: "Additional broadcast aspects";
Part 4: "Point-to-point functions";
Part 5: "VDL 4 ground-based equipment compliance with the SES 552/2004 interoperability Regulation";
Part 6: "Harmonized EN covering essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
The present document is accompanied by an equivalent airborne standard, EN 302 842 [8] parts 1 to 5, covering the
VHF air-ground Digital Link (VDL) Mode 4 radio equipment; Technical characteristics and methods of measurement
for airborne equipment.
National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 24 November 2006
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 28 February 2007
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 31 August 2007
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 August 2007

ETSI
7 ETSI EN 301 842-1 V1.3.1 (2006-11)
Introduction
The present document is part of a set of standards developed by ETSI and is designed to fit in a modular structure to
cover all radio and telecommunications terminal equipment within the scope of the R&TTE Directive [9]. The modular
structure is shown in EG 201 399 [11].
The present document states the technical specifications for Very High Frequency (VHF) Digital Link (VDL) Mode 4
ground-based radio transmitters, transceivers and receivers for air-ground communications operating in the VHF band,
using Gaussian-filtered Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK) Modulation with 25 kHz channel spacing and capable of
tuning to any of the 25 kHz channels from 118,000 MHz to 136,975 MHz as defined in ICAO VHF Digital Link (VDL)
Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) [2].
The present document may be used to produce tests for the assessment of the performance of the equipment. The
performance of the equipment submitted for type testing should be representative of the performance of the
corresponding production model.
The present document has been written on the assumption that:
• the type test measurements will be performed only once, in an accredited test laboratory and the measurements
accepted by the various authorities in order to grant type approval;
• if equipment available on the market is required to be checked it may be tested in accordance with the methods
of measurement specified in the present document or a documented alternative approved by the certifying
authority;
• equipment comply with EN 301 489-22 [6].
The present document also indicates VDL Mode 4 compliance with the SES 552/2004 interoperability Regulation [10].
ETSI
8 ETSI EN 301 842-1 V1.3.1 (2006-11)
1 Scope
The present document applies to the following radio equipment types:
• Very High Frequency (VHF) Digital Link (VDL) Mode 4 ground-based radio transmitters and receivers for
air-ground communications operating in the VHF band, using Gaussian-filtered Frequency Shift Keying
(GFSK) Modulation with 25 kHz channel spacing and capable of tuning to any of the 25 kHz channels from
118,000 MHz to 136,975 MHz as defined in ICAO VHF Digital Link (VDL) Standards and Recommended
Practices (SARPs) [2].
The present document provides part 1 of the technical specification.
The present document is designed to ensure that equipment certified to it will be compatible with the relevant ICAO
VHF Digital Link (VDL) Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) [2] and VDL Mode 4 Technical Manual
(TM) [1] and with the SES 552/2004 interoperability Regulation [10].
Manufacturers should note that in future the tuning range for the ground transceivers may also cover any 25 kHz
channel from 108,000 MHz to 117,975 MHz.
The scope of the present document is limited to ground stations. The equivalent specification for airborne stations is
EN 302 842 [8].
The VDL Mode 4 system provides digital communication exchanges between aircraft and ground-based systems and
other aircraft supporting surveillance and communication applications. The supported modes of communication include:
• broadcast and point-to-point communication;
• broadcast services including Automatic Dependent Surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B), Traffic Information
Service - Broadcast (TIS-B) and Flight Information Service - Broadcast (FIS-B) capabilities;
• air-air, air-to-ground, and ground-to-air services;
• operation without ground infrastructure.
The present document is derived from the specifications:
• VDL Mode 4 standards produced under the auspices of the International Civil Aviation Organization
(ICAO) [1] and [2];
• Other relevant standards as defined in clause 2.
It is envisaged that manufacturers may provide equipment supporting:
• broadcast services only;
• point-to-point services only;
• both broadcast and point-to-point services.
The present document deals with tests of the physical layer necessary to support all types of equipment.
The present document includes:
• clause 2 provides references to relevant documents;
• clause 3 provides general definitions, abbreviations and symbols used;
• clause 4 refers to a general description and architecture of VDL Mode 4 contained in
EN 301 842-2 [7];
• clause 5 provides functional specifications applicable to the physical layer including transmitter/receiver
requirements and the modulation scheme;
• clause 6 provides general equipment requirements;
ETSI
9 ETSI EN 301 842-1 V1.3.1 (2006-11)
• clause 7 provides general design requirements;
• clause 8 covers general test conditions, environmental tests and calibration;
• clause 9 provides detailed test procedures for the physical layer;
• annex A provides a detailed cross-reference to the relevant requirements contained in reference [1];
• annex B provides a Bibliography;
• a document history.
The full physical layer tests are provided which correspond closely to the standard set of tests used for other VDL
systems.
Mandating and Recommendation Phrases
a) "Shall"
The use of the word "Shall" indicates a mandated criterion; i.e. compliance with the particular procedure or
specification is mandatory and no alternative may be applied.
b) "Should"
The use of the word "Should" (and phrases such as "It is recommended that.", etc.) indicate that though the
procedure or criterion is regarded as the preferred option, alternative procedures, specifications or criteria may
be applied, provided that the manufacturer, installer or tester can provide information or data to adequately
support and justify the alternative.
2 References
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present
document.
• References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
[1] ICAO Doc 9816 AN/448 (First Edition 2004): "Manual on VHF Digital Link (VDL) Mode 4,
Part 2: Detailed Technical Specifications".
[2] ICAO Annex 10 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation: "Aeronautical
Telecommunications, Volume III: Communication Systems, Part I: Digital Data Communication
Systems, Chapter 6".
[3] ISO/IEC 7498-1 (1994): "Information technology - Open Systems Interconnection - Basic
Reference Model: The Basic Model".
[4] ISO/IEC 10731 (1994): "Information technology - Open Systems Interconnection - Basic
Reference Model - Conventions for the definition of OSI services".
[5] ETSI EN 300 113-1 (V1.5.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Land mobile service; Radio equipment intended for the transmission of data (and/or speech) using
constant or non-constant envelope modulation and having an antenna connector; Part 1: Technical
characteristics and methods of measurement".
ETSI
10 ETSI EN 301 842-1 V1.3.1 (2006-11)
[6] ETSI EN 301 489-22 (V1.3.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services;
Part 22: Specific conditions for ground based VHF aeronautical mobile and fixed radio
equipment".
[7] ETSI EN 301 842-2 (V1.5.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
VHF air-ground Digital Link (VDL) Mode 4 radio equipment; Technical characteristics and
methods of measurement for ground-based equipment; Part 2: General description and data link
layer".
[8] ETSI EN 302 842 (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
VHF air-ground and air-air Digital Link (VDL) Mode 4 radio equipment; Technical characteristics
and methods of measurement for aeronautical mobile (airborne) equipment".
[9] Directive 1999/5/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio
equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual recognition of their
conformity (R&TTE Directive).
[10] Regulation (EC) No 552/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 March 2004 on
the interoperability of the European Air Traffic Management network (the interoperability).
[11] ETSI EG 201 399: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); A guide to
the production of candidate Harmonized Standards for application under the R&TTE Directive".
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
3.1.1 Basic reference model definitions
The present document is based on the concepts developed in the open systems interconnect basic reference model and
makes use of the following terms defined in ISO/IEC 7498-1 [3]:
• layer;
• sublayer;
• entity;
• service;
• service access point;
• service data unit;
• physical layer;
• data link layer.
3.1.2 Service conventions definitions
The present document makes use of the following terms defined in ISO/IEC 10731 [4]:
• service provider;
• service user;
• service primitive;
• request;
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11 ETSI EN 301 842-1 V1.3.1 (2006-11)
• indication;
• confirm.
3.1.3 General definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
adjacent channel power: amount of the modulated RF signal power which falls within a given adjacent channel
NOTE: Adjacent channel power includes discrete spurious, signal sidebands, and noise density (including phase
noise) at the transmitter output.
Adjacent Channel Rejection (ACR): receiver's ability to demodulate the desired signal and meet the BER requirement
in the presence of an interfering signal in an adjacent channel
NOTE: The ratio (in dB) between the adjacent interfering signal level and the desired signal level necessary to
achieve the specified minimum BER, is the adjacent channel rejection (ACR) ratio.
Aeronautical Mobile Service (ABS): mobile service between aeronautical stations and aircraft stations, or between
aircraft stations, in which survival craft stations may participate
Aeronautical Telecommunications Network (ATN): internetwork architecture that allows ground, air/ground, and
aircraft data subnetworks to interoperate by adopting common interface services and protocols based on the
International Organization for Standardization Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model
aircraft address: unique combination of 24 bits available for assignment to an aircraft for the purpose of air-ground
communications, navigation and surveillance
NOTE: An aircraft may choose not to use this unique address and can use instead a non-unique address.
Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B): surveillance application transmitting parameters, such as
position, track and ground speed, via a broadcast mode data link for use by any air and ground users requiring it
NOTE: ADS-B is a surveillance service based on aircraft self-determination of position/velocity/time and
automatic, periodic or random, broadcast of this information along with auxiliary data such as aircraft
identity (ID), communications control parameters, etc. ADS-B is intended to support multiple high-level
applications and associated services such as cockpit display of traffic information, traffic alert and
collision avoidance functionality, enhanced traffic management in the air and on the ground, search and
rescue support and others.
autotune function: function, performed by the Link Management Entity, that allows a ground VDL Mode 4 station to
command an aircraft to change the operating characteristics of synchronization burst transmissions
Bit Error Rate (BER): expressed as the ratio between the number of erroneous bits received and the total number of
bits received
burst length: number of slots across which the VDL Mode 4 burst is transmitted
Co-Channel Interference (CCI): co-channel interference protection defines the capability of a receiver to demodulate
the desired signal and achieve the minimum specified BER performance in the presence of an unwanted signal at the
same assigned frequency
NOTE: The ratio (in dB) between the wanted signal level and the unwanted signal level is the co-channel
interference ratio. The co-channel interference ratio has a major impact on frequency re-use planning
criteria.
conducted measurements: measurements which are made using a direct RF connection to the equipment under test
current slot: slot in which a received transmission begins
Data Link Entity (DLE): protocol state machine capable of setting up and managing a single data link connection
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12 ETSI EN 301 842-1 V1.3.1 (2006-11)
Data Link Service (DLS) sublayer: sublayer that resides above the VDL Mode 4 Specific Services (VSS) and the
MAC sublayers
NOTE: The Data Link Service (DLS) manages the transmit queue, creates and destroys Data Link Entities
(DLEs) for connection-oriented communications, provides facilities for the Link Management Entity
(LME) to manage the DLS, and provides facilities for connection-less communications.
data rate: Mode 4 nominal data rate is 19 200 bits/s
delayed burst: VDL Mode 4 burst that begins sufficiently after the beginning of a slot so that the transmitting VDL
Mode 4 station is confident that no other VDL Mode 4 station that it could receive from and is within the guard range is
transmitting in the slot
NOTE: The delayed VDL Mode 4 burst terminates by the end of the slot in which it began (its length is shortened
to ensure completion by the nominal time).
DLS system: VDL system that implements the DLS and subnetwork protocols to carry Aeronautical
Telecommunications Network (ATN) or other packets
frame: link layer frame is composed of a sequence of address, control, information and FCS fields, bracketed by
opening and closing flag sequences
NOTE: A valid frame is at least 11 octets in length and contains an address field (8 octets), a link control field
(1 octet) and a frame check sequence (2 octets). A frame may or may not include a variable-length
information field.
Global Signalling Channel (GSC): channel available on a world wide basis which provides for communication control
ground base station: aeronautical station equipment, in the aeronautical mobile service, for use with an external
antenna and intended for use at a fixed location
ground station coordination: coordination of transmissions from two or more ground stations uses the UTC-minute
time frame
hand held: radio equipment with integral batteries, designed to be hand portable and operated hand held
NOTE: Provisions may be made for external connections and temporary installation into vehicles.
integral antenna equipment: radio communications equipment with an antenna integrated into the equipment without
the use of an external connector and considered to be part of the equipment
NOTE: An integral antenna may be internal or external to the equipment. In equipment of this type, a 50 Ω RF
connection point shall be provided for test purposes.
link: connects a mobile DLE and a ground DLE and is uniquely specified by the combination of mobile DLS address
and the ground DLS address
NOTE: A different subnetwork entity resides above every link endpoint.
link establishment: process by which two stations discover each other, determine to communicate with each other,
decide upon the communication parameters, create a link and initialize its state before beginning communications
link handoff: process by which peer LMEs, already in communication with each other, create a link between an aircraft
and a new ground station before disconnecting the old link between the aircraft and the current ground station
link layer: layer that lies immediately above the physical layer in the Open Systems Interconnection protocol model
NOTE: The link layer provides for the reliable transfer of information across the physical media. It is subdivided
into the data link sublayer and the media access control sublayer.
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Link Management Entity (LME): protocol state machine capable of acquiring, establishing, and maintaining a
connection to a single peer system
NOTE: An LME establishes data link and subnetwork connections, "hands-off" those connections, and manages
the media access control sublayer and physical layer. An aircraft LME tracks how well it can
communicate with the ground stations of a single ground system. An aircraft VDL management entity
(VME) instantiates an LME for each ground station that it monitors. Similarly, the ground VME
instantiates an LME for each aircraft that it monitors. An LME is deleted when communication with the
peer system is no longer viable.
Media Access Control (MAC): sublayer that acquires the data path and controls the movement of bits over the data
path
mobile: radio equipment designed for installation into vehicles
non-integral antenna equipment: radio communications equipment with a connector intended for connection to an
antenna
physical layer: lowest level layer in the Open Systems Interconnection protocol model
NOTE: The physical layer is concerned with only the transmission of binary information over the physical
medium (e.g. VHF radio).
primary time source: normal operation timing mode in which a VDL Mode 4 station maintains time synchronization
to Universal Coordinated Time (UTC) second to within a two-sigma value of 400 ns
private parameters: parameters that are contained in exchange identity (XID) frames and that are unique to the VHF
digital link environment
radiated measurements: measurements which involve the measurement of a radiated field
reference bit sequence: sequence of bits used in the transmitter performance specifications
reference signal level: signal level used in the receiver performance specifications except otherwise stated
secondary time source: timing source used in a failure mode, which applies when the primary time source fails, in
which a VDL Mode 4 station maintains time synchronization to UTC second to within a two-sigma value of 15 µs
Self-organizing Time Division Multiple Access (STDMA): multiple access scheme based on time-shared use of a
radio frequency (RF) channel employing:
1) discrete contiguous time slots as the fundamental shared resource; and
2) a set of operating protocols that allows users to mediate access to these time slots without reliance on a master
control station.
slot: In VDL Mode 4, time is divided into a series of time slots of equal period. Each VDL Mode 4 burst transmission
starts at the beginning of a slot.
station: VDL Mode 4 Specific Services (VSS)-capable entity
NOTE: A station may be either a mobile station or a ground station. A station is a physical entity that transmits
and receives bursts over the RF interface (either A/G or Air-to-Air (A/A)) and comprises, at a minimum:
a physical layer, media access control sublayer, and a unique VSS address. A station which is also a DLS
station has the same address.
subnetwork layer: layer that establishes, manages, and terminates connections across a subnetwork
superframe: group of 4 500 slots that span a period of one UTC minute
NOTE: The start of the current superframe is aligned with the start of the slot that is currently being used for
transmission. The next superframe starts one minute after the current slot.
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synchronization burst (or "sync" burst): VDL Mode 4 burst which announces, as a minimum, existence and position
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