SIST EN ISO 22476-2:2005

Geotechnical investigation and testing - Field testing - Part 2: Dynamic probing (ISO 22476-2:2005)

This document specifies requirements for indirect investigations of soil by dynamic probing as part of the geotechnical investigation services according to prEN 1997-1 and prEN 1997-2. This document covers the determination of the resistance of soils and soft rocks in situ to the dynamic penetration of a cone. A hammer of a given mass and given height of fall is used to drive the cone. The penetration resistance is defined as the number of blows required to drive the cone over a defined distance. A continuous record is provided with respect to depth but no samples are recovered.
Four procedures are included, covering a wide range of specific work per blow:
3   dynamic probing light (DPL): test representing the lower end of the mass range of dynamic equipment;
3   dynamic probing medium (DPM): test representing the medium mass range of dynamic equipment;
3   dynamic probing heavy (DPH): test representing the medium to very heavy mass range of dynamic equipment;
3   dynamic probing super heavy (DPSH): test representing the upper end of the mass range of dynamic equipment.
The test results of this document are specially suited for the qualitative determination of a soil profile together with direct investigations (e.g. sampling according to prEN ISO 22475-1) or as a relative comparison of other in situ tests. They may also be used for the determination of the strength and deformation properties of soils, generally of the cohesionless type but also possibly in fine-grained soils, through appropriate correlations. The results can also be used to determine the depth to very dense ground layers e.g. to determine the length of end bearing piles, and to detect very loose, voided, back-filled or infilled ground.

Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung - Felduntersuchungen - Teil 2: Rammsondierungen (ISO 22476-2:2005)

Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques - Essais en place - Partie 2: Essai de pénétration dynamique (ISO 22476-2:2005)

Le présent document prEN ISO 22476-2:2004 a été élaboré par le Comité Technique CEN/TC 341 "Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques", dont le secrétariat est tenu par DIN, en collaboration avec le Comité Technique ISO/TC 182 "Géotechnique".
Ce document est actuellement soumis au Vote Formel parallele.
EN ISO 22476, Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques - Essais en place comprend les parties suivantes :
-   Partie 1 : Essais de pénétration statique d'une pointe électrique et du piezocône
-   Partie 2 : Essai de pénétration dynamique
-   Partie 3 : Essai de pénétration au carottier
-   Partie 4 : Essai pressiométrique Ménard
-               Partie 5 : Essai au dilatometre flexible
-   Partie 6 : Essai au pressiometre autoforeur
-   Partie 7 : Essai de pression latérale dans un forage
-   Partie 8 : Essai de déplacement pressiométrique dans un forage
-   Partie 9 : Essai au scissometre de chantier
-   Partie 10 : Essai de chargement par poids (TS) )
-   Partie 11 : Essai au dilatometre plat (TS)1)
-   Partie 12 : Essai de perméabilité LEFRANC
-   Partie 13 : Essais d'eau sous pression dans la roche
-   Partie 14 : Essai de pompage
-   Partie 15 : Essai de pénétration statique d'une pointe mécanique
-   Partie 16 : Essai de chargement a la plaque
Les Annexes A, B C, D et E sont informatives.

Geotehnično preiskovanje in preskušanje - Preskušanje na terenu – 2. del: Dinamični penetracijski preskus

Ta dokument določa zahteve za posredno preiskovanje prsti z dinamičnim penetracijskim poskusom kot delom storitev geotehničnega preiskovanja v skladu s standardoma prEN 1997-1 in prEN 1997-2. Ta dokument zajema določevanje odpornosti prsti in mehkih kamnin na dinamično penetracijo konusa na kraju samem. Za zabijanje konusa se uporabi kladivo z določeno maso in višino padca. Penetracijski odpor je določen kot število udarcev, ki so potrebni, da konus prodre do določene globine. Podatki o globini se neprekinjeno zapisujejo, vendar brez zbiranja vzorcev.
Vključeni so štirje postopki, ki zajemajo številna posebna dela na udarec:
– lahek dinamični penetracijski poskus (DPL): preskus, ki predstavlja dinamično opremo v spodnjem delu masnega razpona;
– srednji dinamični penetracijski poskus (DPM): preskus, ki predstavlja srednje težko dinamično opremo;
– težek dinamični penetracijski poskus (DPH): preskus, ki predstavlja srednje do zelo težko dinamično opremo;
– zelo težek dinamični penetracijski poskus (DPSH): preskus, ki predstavlja dinamično opremo v zgornjem delu masnega razpona.
Rezultati preskusa iz tega dokumenta so zlasti ustrezni za kvalitativno določevanje talnega profila skupaj z neposrednimi raziskavami (npr. vzorčenje v skladu s standardom prEN ISO 22475-1) ali kot relativna primerjava drugih preskusov na kraju samem. Uporabijo se lahko tudi za določevanje trdnostnih in deformacijskih lastnosti prsti, običajno nekohezivnega tipa, z ustreznimi korelacijami pa jih je mogoče uporabiti tudi za drobnozrnate prsti. Rezultati se lahko uporabijo tudi za določevanje globine zelo zbitih slojev zemljine npr. da se določi dolžina nosilnih pilotov in odkrijejo zelo rahle, luknjaste, ponovno nasute ali nasute zemljine.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2005
• ICS: 93.020 - Earthworks. Excavations. Foundation construction. Underground works
• Technical Committee: KON - Structures
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 01-Jul-2005
• Due Date: 01-Jul-2005
• Completion Date: 01-Jul-2005
• Ref Project: EN ISO 22476-2:2005 - Geotechnical investigation and testing - Field testing - Part 2: Dynamic probing (ISO 22476-2:2005)

Relations

• Amended By: SIST EN ISO 22476-2:2005/A1:2012 - Geotechnical investigation and testing - Field testing - Part 2: Dynamic probing - Amendment 1 (ISO 22476-2:2005/A1:2011)
• Effective Date: 13-Sep-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Geotechnical investigation and testing - Field testing - Part 2: Dynamic probing (ISO 22476-2:2005)Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques - Essais en place - Partie 2: Essai de pénétration dynamique (ISO 22476-2:2005)Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung - Felduntersuchungen - Teil 2: Rammsondierungen (ISO 22476-2:2005)93.020Zemeljska dela. Izkopavanja. Gradnja temeljev. Dela pod zemljoEarthworks. Excavations. Foundation construction. Underground worksICS:SIST EN ISO 22476-2:2005enTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN ISO 22476-2:200501-julij-2005SIST EN ISO 22476-2:2005SLOVENSKI
STANDARD







EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN ISO 22476-2January 2005ICS 93.020English versionGeotechnical investigation and testing - Field testing - Part 2:Dynamic probing (ISO 22476-2:2005)Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques - Essais en place- Partie 2: Essai de pénétration dynamique (ISO 22476-2:2005)Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung -Felduntersuchungen - Teil 2: Rammsondierungen (ISO22476-2:2005)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 4 November 2004.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2005 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 22476-2:2005: E



EN ISO 22476-2:2005 (E) 2 Contents page Foreword.3 1 Scope.4 2 Normative references.4 3 Terms and definitions.4 4 Equipment.6 5 Test procedure.9 6 Test results.11 7 Reporting.11 Annex A (informative)
Summary log for dynamic probing.14 Annex B (informative)
Record of measured values and test results for dynamic probing.15 Annex C (informative)
Recommended method to measure the actual energy.16 Annex D (informative)
Geotechnical and equipment influences on the dynamic probing results.19 Annex E (informative)
Interpretation of test results by using the dynamic point resistance.29 Bibliography.33



EN ISO 22476-2:2005 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 22476-2:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 341 “Geotechnical investigation and testing”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 182 “Geotechnics”. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2005. EN ISO 22476 Geotechnical investigation and testing - Field testing has the following parts:  Part 1: Electrical cone and piezocone penetration tests
 Part 2: Dynamic probing
 Part 3: Standard penetration test
 Part 4:
Ménard pressuremeter test
 Part 5: Flexible dilatometer test
 Part 6: Self-boring pressuremeter test  Part 7: Borehole jack test
 Part 8: Full displacement pressuremeter test
 Part 9: Field vane test
 Part 10: Weight sounding test
 Part 11: Flat dilatometer test
 Part 12: Mechanical cone penetration test
 Part 13: Plate loading test
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard : Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.



EN ISO 22476-2:2005 (E) 4
1 Scope This document specifies requirements for indirect investigations of soil by dynamic probing as part of geotechnical investigation and testing according to EN 1997-1 and EN 1997-2. This document covers the determination of the resistance of soils and soft rocks in situ to the dynamic penetration of a cone. A hammer of a given mass and given height of fall is used to drive the cone. The penetration resistance is defined as the number of blows required to drive the cone over a defined distance. A continuous record is provided with respect to depth but no samples are recovered. Four procedures are included, covering a wide range of specific work per blow:  dynamic probing light (DPL): test representing the lower end of the mass range of dynamic equipment;  dynamic probing medium (DPM): test representing the medium mass range of dynamic equipment;  dynamic probing heavy (DPH): test representing the medium to very heavy mass range of dynamic equipment;  dynamic probing super heavy (DPSH): test representing the upper end of the mass range of dynamic equipment. The test results of this document are specially suited for the qualitative determination of a soil profile together with direct investigations (e.g. sampling according to prEN ISO 22475-1) or as a relative comparison of other in situ tests. They may also be used for the determination of the strength and deformation properties of soils, generally of the cohesionless type but also possibly in fine-grained soils, through appropriate correlations. The results can also be used to determine the depth to very dense ground layers e.g. to determine the length of end bearing piles, and to detect very loose, voided, back-filled or infilled ground. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 10204, Metallic products — Types of inspection documents prEN ISO 22475-1, Geotechnical investigation and testing — Sampling by drilling and excavation methods and groundwater measurements — Part 1: Technical principles for execution (ISO/DIS 22475-1:2004) 3 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 dynamic penetrometer cone and drive rods 3.2 dynamic probing equipment penetrometer and all equipment necessary to drive the penetrometer



EN ISO 22476-2:2005 (E) 5 3.3 anvil or drive head portion of the drive-weight assembly that the hammer strikes and through which the hammer energy passes into the drive rods 3.4 cushion; damper placed upon the anvil to minimise damage to the equipment 3.5 hammer portion of the drive-weight assembly which is successively lifted and dropped to provide the energy that accomplishes the penetration of the cone 3.6 height of fall free fall of the hammer after being released 3.7 drive-weight assembly device consisting of the hammer, the hammer fall guide, the anvil and the drop system 3.8 drive rods rods that connect the drive-weight assembly to the cone 3.9 cone pointed probe of standard dimensions used to measure the resistance to penetration (see Figure 1) 3.10 actual energy; driving energy
Emeas energy delivered by the drive-weight assembly into the drive rod immediately below the anvil, as measured 3.11 theoretical energy Etheor energy as calculated for the drive weight assembly, Etheor = m × g × h where m is the mass of the hammer; g is the acceleration due to gravity; h is the falling height of the hammer. 3.12 energy ratio Er ratio of the actual energy Emeas and the theoretical energy Etheor
of the hammer expressed in percentage 3.13 Nxy-value number of blows required to drive the penetrometer over a defined distance x (expressed in centimetres) by the penetrometer y



EN ISO 22476-2:2005 (E) 6 3.14 specific work per blow En value calculated by En = m × g × h/A = Etheor/A where m is the mass of the hammer; g is the acceleration due to gravity; h is the falling height of the hammer; A is the nominal base area (calculated using the base diameter D); Etheor is the theoretical energy. 4 Equipment 4.1 Driving device Dimensions and masses of the components of the driving device are given in Table 1. The following requirements shall be fulfilled: a) hammer shall be conveniently guided to ensure minimal resistance during the fall; b) automatic release mechanism shall ensure a constant free fall, with a negligible speed of the hammer when released and no induced parasitic movements in the drive rods; c) steel drive head or anvil should be rigidly connected to the top of the drive rods. A loose connection can be chosen; d) guide to provide verticality and lateral support for that part of the string of rods protruding above the ground should be part of the driving device. If a pneumatic system for lifting a hammer is used, it shall be supplied with inspection documents as stipulated by EN 10204 because the driving energy is not always ensured. 4.2 Anvil The anvil shall be made of high strength steel. A damper or cushion may be fitted between the hammer and anvil. 4.3 Cone The cone of steel shall have an apex angle of 90° and an upper cylindrical extension mantle and transition to the extension rods as shown in Figure 1 and with the dimensions and tolerances given in Table 1. The cone may be either retained (fixed) for recovery or disposable (lost). When using a disposable cone the end of the drive rod shall fit tightly into the cone. Alternative specifications for the cones are given in Figure 1.



EN ISO 22476-2:2005 (E) 7 Key 1 Extension rod 2 Injection hole (optional) 3 Thread mounting 4 Cone tip 5 Cone 6 Mantle 7 Point mounting L Mantle length D Base diameter dr Rod diameter
a) Cone Type 1 shown as retained (fixed) b) Cone Type 2 shown as disposable (lost) Figure 1 – Alternative forms of cones for dynamic probing (for L, D and dr see Table 1) 4.4 Drive rods The rod material shall be of a high-strength steel with the appropriate characteristics for the work to be performed without excessive deformations and wear. The rods shall be flush jointed, shall be straight and may have spanner flats. Deformations shall be capable of being corrected. The deflection at the mid point of an extension rod measured from a straight line through the ends shall not exceed 1 in 1 000, i.e. 1 mm in 1 m. Dimensions and masses of the drive rods are given in Table 1. Hollow rods should be used. 4.5 Torque measuring device The torque necessary to turn the driving rods is measured by means of a torque wrench or similar measuring device. The apparatus shall be able to measure a torque of at least 200 Nm and be graduated to read at least in
5 Nm increments. A sensor for recording the torque may be used. The spanner flat in the drive rods can be used to fix the torque wrench or measuring device.



EN ISO 22476-2:2005 (E) 8 4.6 Optional equipment 4.6.1 Blow counter A device to count the number of blows of the hammer by measuring mechanical or electric impulses can be placed on the system. 4.6.2 Penetration length measuring device The penetration length is measured either by counting on a scale on the rods or by recording sensors. In this latter case, resolution shall be better than 1/100 of the measure length. 4.6.3 Injection system The injection system includes:  hollow rods;  solid end of the lowest when using disposable (lost) cone;  pump with mud connected to a device fixed under the anvil and intended to ensure the filling of the annular space between the ground and the drive rods created by the enlarged cone. The flow of the pump is such that it will always ensure that the annular space between the ground and the drive rods is filled. NOTE 1 Mud, for example, can be a mixture of bentonite and water with a mass ratio of dry particles and water of 5 % to 10 %. NOTE 2 The mud circulation towards the surface is not obligatory. The pressure of injection is that corresponding, after deduction of the head losses, to the hydrostatic pressure due to mud on the level of the cone. A manual pump may be used. 4.6.4 Apparatus for measuring the dimensions of the cone The measurement of the diameter and length of the cone is made by means of a slide calliper to the 1/10 of mm or by an equivalent system. 4.6.5 Device to control rod string deviation from the vertical A system or guide for supporting the protruding part of the rods should be in place to ensure and check that the drive rods are maintained in a vertical alignment.



EN ISO 22476-2:2005 (E) 9 Table 1 — Dimensions and masses for the four types of dynamic probing apparatus DPSH (super heavy) Dynamic Probing Apparatus Sym-bol Unit DPL (light) DPM (medium) DPH (heavy) DPSH-A DPSH-B Driving device hammer mass, new height of fall
m h
kg mm
10 ± 0,1 500 ± 10
30 ± 0,3 500 ± 10
50 ± 0,5 500 ± 10
63,5 ± 0,5 500 ± 10
63,5 ± 0,5 750 ± 20 Anvil diameter mass (max.) (guide rod included)
d m
mm kg
50 50 50 50 50 base diameter, new base diameter, worn (min.) mantle length (mm) length of cone tip tip max. permissible wear
A D
L
cm2 mm mm
mm mm mm
10 35,7 ± 0,3 34
35,7 ± 1 17,9 ± 0,1 3
15 43,7 ± 0,3 42
43,7 ± 1 21,9 ± 0,1 4
15 43,7 ± 0,3 42
43,7 ± 1 21,9 ± 0,1 4
16 45,0± 0,3 43
90,0 ± 2 b 22,5 ± 0,1 5
20 50,5 ± 0,5 49
51 ± 2 25,3 ± 0,4 5 Drive rods c mass (max) diameter OD (max) rod deviation d: lowermost 5 m remainder
m dr
kg/m mm
% %
3 22
0,1 0,2
6 32
0,1 0,2
6 32
0,1 0,2
6 32
0,1 0,2
8 35
0,1 0,2 Specific work per blow mgh/AEn kJ/m2 50 100 167 194 238 a Dh diameter of the hammer, in case of rectangular shape, the smaller dimension is assumed to be equivalent to the diameter. b
disposable cone only c maximum rod length shall not exceed 2 m d rod deviation from the vertical NOTE Tolerances given are manufacturing tolerances.
5 Test procedure 5.1 Equipment checks and calibrations Prior to each test, a check of dimensions shall be made to ensure that they are within the values given in Table 1. The straightness of the rods shall be checked once on each new site and at least every 20 penetration tests at that site. After each test, a visual check of the straightness of the rods shall be made.



EN ISO 22476-2:2005 (E) 10 At the test site, the rate of blows, the height of fall, the friction free fall of the hammer, the proper condition of the anvil and the mechanical release devices shall be checked for satisfactory operation which is to be ensured for the whole test series. In addition, the proper functioning of the recording device has to be checked in case automatic recording equipment is used. The precision of the measuring instruments – if applicable – shall be checked after any damage, overloading or repair and at least once every six months, unless the manufacturer's manual requires shorter inspection intervals. Faulty parts shall be replaced. Calibration records shall be kept together with the equipment. To check pneumatic dynamic penetrometers, the driving energy per impact (actual energy Emeas) shall be measured directly. When divided by the area of the cone then this shall not deviate from the theoretical value of specific work per blow as specified in Table 1 by more than 3 %. The driving energy per impact shall be checked every six months. Energy losses occur e.g. due to friction at the hammer (velocity loss compared to the free fall) or due to energy losses during the hammer impact on the anvil. Therefore, for each new driving device the actual energy transmitted to the drive rods should be determined. NOTE A recommended method to determine the actual energy is given in Annex C. 5.2 Test preparation In general, dynamic probing is performed from the ground surface. Dynamic probing test equipment shall be set up with the penetrometer vertical, and in such a way that there will be no displacement during testing. The inclination of the driving mechanism and the driving rod projecting from the ground shall not deviate by more than 2 % from the vertical. If this is not the case, the dynamic probing test shall be stopped. In difficult ground conditions deviations up to 5 % may be allowed and shall be reported. Trailer-mounted dynamic probing test equipment shall be supported in such a way that the suspension travel of the support trailer cannot influence the test. The equipment shall be set up with appropriate clearance from structures, piles, boreholes etc., in order to be certain that they will not influence the result of the dynamic probing test. When carrying out dynamic probing in situations where the rods are free to move laterally, for instance over water or in boreholes, the rods shall be restrained by low-friction supports spaced not greater than 2,0 m apart in order to prevent bending during driving. 5.3 Test execution The drive rods and the cone shall be driven vertically and without undue bending of the protruding part of the extension rods above the ground. No load shall be applied to anvil and rods during lifting of the hammer. The penetrometer shall be continuously driven into the ground. The driving rate shall be kept between 15 and
30 blows per minute. All interruptions longer than 5 minutes shall be recorded. The rods shall be rotated 1½ turns or until maximum torque is reached at least every 1,0 m penetration. The maximum torque required to turn the rods shall be measured using a torque measuring wrench or an equivalent device and shall be recorded. During heavy driving, the rods shall be rotated 1½ turns after every 50 blows to tighten the rod connections. To decrease skin friction, drilling mud or water may be injected through horizontal or upwards holes in the hollow rods near the cone. A casing may be sometimes used with the same purpose. The number of blows shall be recorded every 100 mm penetration for the DPL, DPM and DPH and every 100 mm or 200 mm penetration for the DPSH-A and DPSH-B.



EN ISO 22476-2:2005 (E) 11 The normal operating range of blows should be between N10 = 3 and 50 for DPL, DPM and DPH and between
N20 = 5 and 100 for DPSH-A and DPSH-B. For specific purposes, these ranges may be exceeded. In cases beyond these ranges, when the penetration resistance is low, e.g. in soft clays, the penetration depth per blow may be recorded. In hard soils or soft rocks, where the penetration resistance is very high or exceeding the normal range of blows, the penetration for a certain number of blows may be recorded as an alternative to the N -values. In general, the test should be stopped, if either the number of blows exceeds twice the maximum values given above or the maximum value is exceeded continuously for 1 m penetration. 5.4 Influencing factors Geotechnical or equipment related factors can influence the selection and operation of the equipment and the results of the tests. NOTE Examples are given in Annex D. 5.5 Safety requirements National safety regulations shall be followed; e.g. regulations for:  personal health- and safety equipment;  clean air, if working in confined spaces;  ensuring the safety of the equipment. 6 Test results The test results shall be reported and interpreted based on values of N10 for DPL, DPM, DPH and N10 or N20 for DPSH-A and DPSH-B. Another possibility for the interpretation of test results is the use of the dynamic point resistance (see Annex E). Consideration shall be given to the influence on recorded Nxy-values such as rod friction due to soil adhesion or bending (see e.g. Annex D). Because of hammer fall energy losses, it is recommended to know by calibration the actual energy Emeas transmitted to the drive rods when this test is used for quantitative evaluation purposes. 7 Reporting 7.1 Field report 7.1.1 General At the project site, a field report shall be completed. This field report shall consist of the following, if applicable: a) summary log, e.g. according to Annex A; b) record of measured values and test results. All field investigations shall be reported such that third persons are able to check and understand the results. 7.1.2 Record of measured values and test results At the project site, the following information shall be recorded for each test:



EN ISO 22476-2:2005 (E) 12 a) general information: 1) name of the client; 2) name of the contractor; 3) job or project number; 4) name and location of the project; 5) name and signature of the test equipment operator in charge; b) information on the location of the test: 1) date and number of test; 2) field sketch (to scale or not to scale) including direct investigations (e.g. boreholes); 3) place within or which is nearest to the location of the penetration test; 4) ground elevation referred to a fixed point; 5) x, y, z co-ordinates of the location of the penetration test; 6) operation on land or water; c) information on the used test equipment: 1) type of dynamic probing (DPL, DPM, DPH, DPSH-A or DPSH-B); 2) manufacturer, model and number of the test equipment; 3) type of cone (disposable or fixed); 4) type of anvil (fixed or loose); 5) use of dampers or cushions; d) information on the test procedure: 1) weather condition; 2) documentation of the equipment check and calibration conducted in accordance with 5.1; 3) test record with:  N10/N20-values at each measured depth of the tip of the cone;  maximum torque at each measured depth; 4) separate precautions against rod friction (e.g. use of casing, drilling mud or water); 5) pre-drilling, if used; 6) blow count frequency when operating the equipment; 7) groundwater level, artesian conditions, if known; 8) all unusual events or observations during the operation (e.g. low blow count, penetration without blows, temporary obstructions, malfunction of the equipment);



EN ISO 22476-2:2005 (E) 13 9) observations on the recovered cone and/or rods; 10) all interruptions during the work, with time duration and change of rod; 11) reasons for early end of the test; 12) back-filling of penetration hole, if required. NOTE Annexes A and B give examples of field report documents. 7.2 Test report For checking the quality of the data, the test report shall include the following in addition to the information given
in 7.1: a) field report (in original and/or computerised form); b) graphical representation with respect to depth of the following data:  recorded number of blows to drive the cone 100 mm for the DPL, DPM and DPH or 100 mm or
200 mm for the DPSH-A and DPSH-B, as step diagram with the number of blows on the horizontal axis and the depth on the vertical axis;  maximum torque required to rotate the penetrometer at each test level (in Nm);  all interruptions during the work, longer than 5 minutes; c) any corrections in the presented data; d) any limitations of the data (e.g. irrelevant, insufficient, inaccurate or adverse test results); e) name and signature of the field manager. The test results shall be reported about in such a fashion that third persons are able to check and understand the results.



EN ISO 22476-2:2005 (E) 14 Annex A
(informative)
Summary log for dynamic probing Place within which or which is nearest to*) location of penetration test:____________________________________ x, y, z-coordinates: ____________________________________________________________________________ Client/job number: _____________________________________________________________________________ Name and location of project: ____________________________________________________________________ Contractor: ______________________________Equipment operator: __________________________________ Date of test: __________________________________________________________________________________ Type of dynamic probing *): DPL, DPM, DPH, DPSH-A, DPSH-B: _______________________________________ Equipment checked and in accordance with EN ISO 22476-2, 5.1; Yes/No*) on: ____________________________ Field sketch (scale 1 :_______/not to scale) *) with direct geotechnical investigations (e.g. boreholes) entered:
Other relevant data: ___________________________________________________________________________
Signature:__________________________________________ Name of the operator in charge: ___________________________________________________ *) Delete as applicable.



EN ISO 22476-2:2005 (E) 15 Annex B
(informative)
Record of measured values and test results for dynamic probing
Contractor: Job number: Enclosure: Client/name of project: Dynamic probing test No: Date: Type of dynamic probing test*): DPL, DPM, DPH, DPSH-A, DPSH-B or: Lost/fixed cone *) Fixed/loose anvil *) x, y, z-coordinates Depth; add 10, 20 or 30 m (as depth > 10 m): +
m Depth N10/N20*) Depth N10/N20*) DepthN10/N20*) DepthN10/N20*) Depth N10/N20*) 0,10
2,10
4,10
6,10
8,10
0,20
2,20
4,20
6,20
8,20
0,30
2,30
4,30
6,30
8,30
0,40
2,40
4,40
6,40
8,40
0,50
2,50
4,50
6,50
8,50
0,60
2,60
4,60
6,60
8,60
0,70
2,70
4,70
6,70
8,70
0,80
2,80
4,80
6,80
8,80
0,90
2,90
4,90
6,90
8,90
1,00
3,00
5,00
7,00
9,00
**) Nm
Nm **) Nm **) Nm **) Nm 1,10
3,10
5,10
7,10
9,10
1,20
3,20
5,20
7,20
9,20
1,30
3,30
5,30
7,30
9,30
1,40
3,40
5,40
7,40
9,40
1,50
3,50
5,50
7,50
9,50
1,60
3,60
5,60
7,60
9,60
1,70
3,70
5,70
7,70
9,70
1,80
3,80
5,80
7,80
9,80
1,90
3,90
5,90
7,90
9,90
2,00
4,00
6,00
8,00
10,00
**)
**)
**)
**)
**)
*) delete as applicable. **) measured torque
Other data
Groundwater:
....... m below starting point
Name and signature of the operator in charge:



EN ISO 22476-2:2005 (E) 16 Annex C
(informative)
Recommended method to measure the actual energy C.1 Principle The measurement of the energy transmitted to the drive rods can be made by means of an instrumented section of rod positioned at a distance greater than 10 times the rod diameter below the point of hammer impact on the anvil (see Figure C.1). For additional information see [1] to [6] of the bibliography. Key 1 Anvil 2 Part of instrumented rod 3 Drive Rod 4 Strain gauge (measuring transducer) 5 Accelerometer 6 Ground F Force dr Diameter of the rod
Figure C.1 — Instrumented rod (example) C.2 Equipment The measuring device consists of a removable instrumented rod fixed between the anvil and the head of rods. It includes:  system for measurement of vertical acceleration having a linear response up to 5 000 g;  system for measurement giving the axial deformation induced in the rod;  apparatus, with a resolution better than 1 × 10-5s, for viewing, recording and pre-treatment of the signals;  data processing system (data logger and computer). When strain gauges are used for the measurement of the axial deformation, they should be uniformly distributed around the instrumented rod, preferably in two orthogonal pairs.



EN ISO 22476-2:2005 (E) 17 C.3 Measurements At each impact, check the correct operation of the measuring equipment and the sensors by displaying the results of measurements. It should be verified that the signals from the accelerometers and of the gauges are null before and after the impact. For the measurement of the acceleration and deformation, the precision should be better than 2 % of the measured value. C.4 Calculation C.4.1 The force F transmitted to the rods is calculated as follow: ()()tEAtFmaaε××= (C.1) where 0m(t) is the measured axial deformations of the instrumented rod at time t; Aa is the cross-sectional area of the instrumented rod; Ea is the Young’s modulus of the instrumented rod. C.4.2 The particle velocity v(t) of the measurement section is calculated by integration of the acceleration a(t) with time t. C.4.3 The basic equation for the energy E which passes into the drive rods is: ∫='0)()()'(tdttvtFtE (C.2) where E(t’) is the driving energy which passes into the drive rod up to time t’ after the impact. NOTE Various methods for developing the above equation and additional informat
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