oSIST prEN 12697-31:2014

Bituminous mixtures - Test methods - Part 31: Specimen preparation by gyratory compactor

This European Standard specifies the method for compaction of cylindrical specimens of bituminous mixtures using a gyratory compactor. Such compaction is achieved by combining a rotary shearing action and a vertical resultant force applied by a mechanical head.
The method is used for:
a) determination of the air voids content of a mixture for a given number of gyrations or derivation of a curve density (or void content) versus number of gyrations;
b) preparation of specimens of given height and/or at a predetermined density, for subsequent testing of their mechanical properties.

Asphalt - Prüfverfahren - Teil 31: Herstellung von Probekörpern mit dem Gyrator-Verdichter

Mélanges bitumineux - Méthodes d’essai - Partie 31: Confection d’éprouvettes à la presse à compactage giratoire

Bitumenske zmesi - Preskusne metode - 31. del: Priprava preskušancev z vrtljivim zgoščevalnikom

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 29-Dec-2014
• ICS: 93.080.20 - Road construction materials
• Technical Committee: CES - Roads
• Current Stage: 98 - Abandoned project (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 06-Mar-2017
• Due Date: 11-Mar-2017
• Completion Date: 06-Mar-2017
• Ref Project: prEN 12697-31 rev - Bituminous mixtures - Test methods - Part 31: Specimen preparation by gyratory compactor

Relations

• Revised: SIST EN 12697-31:2007 - Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 31: Specimen preparation by gyratory compactor
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2014
• Revised: SIST EN 12697-31:2007 - Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 31: Specimen preparation by gyratory compactor
• Effective Date: 18-Jan-2023
• Revised: SIST EN 12697-31:2007 - Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 31: Specimen preparation by gyratory compactor
• Effective Date: 19-Jan-2023
• Revised: SIST EN 12697-31:2007 - Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 31: Specimen preparation by gyratory compactor
• Effective Date: 08-Jun-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 12697-31:2014
01-december-2014
%LWXPHQVNH]PHVL3UHVNXVQHPHWRGHGHO3ULSUDYDSUHVNXãDQFHY]YUWOMLYLP
]JRãþHYDOQLNRP
Bituminous mixtures - Test methods - Part 31: Specimen preparation by gyratory
compactor
Asphalt - Prüfverfahren - Teil 31: Herstellung von Probekörpern mit dem Gyrator-
Verdichter
Mélanges bitumineux - Méthodes d’essai - Partie 31: Confection d’éprouvettes à la
presse à compactage giratoire
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 12697-31 rev
ICS:
93.080.20 Materiali za gradnjo cest Road construction materials
oSIST prEN 12697-31:2014 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN 12697-31:2014

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oSIST prEN 12697-31:2014

EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN 12697-31 rev
NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM

September 2014
ICS 93.080.20 Will supersede EN 12697-31:2007
English Version
Bituminous mixtures - Test methods - Part 31: Specimen
preparation by gyratory compactor
Mélanges bitumineux - Méthodes d'essai - Partie 31: Asphalt - Prüfverfahren - Teil 31: Herstellung von
Confection d'éprouvettes à la presse à compactage Probekörpern mit dem Gyrator-Verdichter
giratoire
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 227.

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.


EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 12697-31 rev:2014 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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Contents Page
Foreword .4
1 Scope .8
2 Normative references .8
3 Terms, definitions and symbols .9
3.1 Terms and definitions .9
3.2 Symbols .9
4 Principle . 11
5 Apparatus . 12
5.1 Test device . 12
5.2 Metallic moulds . 12
5.3 Round metallic inserts . 13
5.4 Device for measuring the distance between inserts . 13
5.5 Device for counting the number of rotations to within one revolution . 13
6 Preparation of specimens . 13
6.1 Mass of mixture to be introduced in the mould . 13
6.1.1 Preparation of specimens for further mechanical testing . 13
6.1.2 Preparation of specimens for void content requirement. 13
6.2 Preparation of mixtures . 14
7 Test procedure . 15
7.1 Preliminary setting. 15
7.1.1 Pre-load . 15
7.1.2 Force F . 15
7.1.3 Setting of the angle of inclination . 15
7.1.4 Speed of rotation . 16
7.1.5 Temperature . 16
7.2 Compaction . 16
7.2.1 Start of compaction . 16
7.2.2 Specimens for void content requirement . 16
7.2.3 Specimens for further testing . 17
8 Test report . 17
9 Precision . 18
Annex A (normative) Procedure for setting the angle and force for types of gyratory compactor
using central reference material . 19
A.1 Scope . 19
A.2 Principle . 19
A.3 Gyratory-type testing procedure . 19
A.3.1 Central reference materials for gyratory-type testing. 19
A.3.2 Force . 20
A.3.3 Gyratory-type angle test . 21
A.4 Procedure to test the conformity of a gyratory compactor to a type . 21
A.5 Procedure for periodical check . 21
A.6 Summary of the gyratory calibration chain . 22
Annex B (normative) Procedure to evaluate the gyratory compactor internal angle of gyration

using a self-contained measurement unit . 23
B.1 Scope . 23
B.2 Principle . 23
2

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B.3 Equipment . 23
B.3.1 Measurement instrument . 23
B.3.2 Static angle block . 23
B.4 Procedure . 24
B.4.1 General . 24
B.4.2 Determination of the bottom angle . 24
B.4.3 Determination of the top angle . 25
B.4.4 Repetitions of bottom and top angle determination . 26
B.5 Calculation . 26
B.6 Compliance . 27
B.7 Report . 28
B.8 Precision data . 28
B.9 Periodical check procedure . 28
Annex C (normative) Procedure to evaluate the gyratory compactor (GC) internal angle of
gyration and related parameters using simulated loading . 29
C.1 Scope . 29
C.2 Principle. 29
C.3 Procedure . 29
C.4 Calculation of results . 29
C.5 Compliance . 30
C.6 Report . 31
C.7 Precision and bias . 31
Bibliography . 33

3

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Foreword
This document (prEN 12697-31:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 227 “Road
materials”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 12697-31:2007.
The following is a list of significant technical changes since the previous edition:
 The series title no longer makes the method exclusively for hot mix asphalt;
 advice in Scope on use of alternative calibration Annexes revised and changed from Note to normative;
 definition of internal angle deleted;
 symbols Mw, ITA and IBA added and w made the symbol for water content throughout;
425 425
 system to collect excess moisture added to requirements for test device;
 ventilated oven, balance and thermometer added to list of equipment;
 existing preparation of specimens made for dry mixtures and separate method for wet mixtures added;
 preparation of mixtures revised;
 the magnitude of force F redefined;
 NOTE to setting angle of inclination deleted and extra line added;
 start of compaction revised;
 number of gyrations at which measurements made clarified;
 water content added as optional in test reports;
 proportion of aggregate fractions revised for Material A in Annex A;
 periodical checks added to Annex A, Annex B and Annex C;
 step 5 of calibration chain revised in Annex A;
 NOTE added allowing different internal angles in Annex B and Annex C;
 compliance requirements clarified in Annex C;
 precision statement updated in Annex C.
This document is one of a series of standards as listed below:
EN 12697-1, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 1: Soluble binder content
4

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EN 12697-2, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 2: Determination of particle size
distribution
EN 12697-3, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 3: Bitumen recovery: Rotary
evaporator
EN 12697-4, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 4: Bitumen recovery:
Fractionating column
EN 12697-5, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 5: Determination of the
maximum density
EN 12697-6, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 6: Determination of bulk density
of bituminous specimens
EN 12697-7, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 7: Determination of the bulk
density of bituminous specimens by gamma rays
EN 12697-8, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 8: Determination of void
characteristics of bituminous specimens
EN 12697-10, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 10: Compactibility
EN 12697-11, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 11: Determination of the
affinity between aggregate and bitumen
EN 12697-12, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 12: Determination of the water
sensitivity of bituminous specimens
EN 12697-13, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 13: Temperature
measurement
EN 12697-14, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 14: Water content
EN 12697-15, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 15: Determination of the
segregation sensitivity
EN 12697-16, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 16: Abrasion by studded tyres
EN 12697-17, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 17: Particle loss of porous
asphalt specimen
EN 12697-18, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 18: Binder drainage
EN 12697-19, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 19: Permeability of specimen
EN 12697-20, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 20: Indentation using cube or
cylindrical specimens (CY)
EN 12697-21, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 21: Indentation using plate
specimens
EN 12697-22, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 22: Wheel tracking
EN 12697-23, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 23: Determination of the
indirect tensile strength of bituminous specimens
EN 12697-24, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 24: Resistance to fatigue
5

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EN 12697-25, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 25: Cyclic compression test
EN 12697-26, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 26: Stiffness
EN 12697-27, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 27: Sampling
EN 12697-28, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 28: Preparation of samples for
determining binder content, water content and grading
EN 12697-29, Bituminous mixtures — Test method for hot mix asphalt — Part 29: Determination of the
dimensions of a bituminous specimen
EN 12697-30, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 30: Specimen preparation by
impact compactor
EN 12697-31, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 31: Specimen preparation by
gyratory compactor
EN 12697-32, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 32: Laboratory compaction of
bituminous specimen by vibratory compactor
EN 12697-33, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 33: Specimen prepared by
roller compactor
EN 12697-34, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 34: Marshall test
EN 12697-35, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 35: Laboratory mixing
EN 12697-36, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 36: Determination of the
thickness of a bituminous pavement
EN 12697-37, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 37: Hot sand test for the
adhesivity of binder on precoated chippings for HRA
EN 12697-38, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 38: Common equipment and
calibration
EN 12697-39, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 39: Binder content by ignition
EN 12697-40, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 40: In situ drainability
EN 12697-41, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 41: Resistance to de-icing
fluids
EN 12697-42, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 42: Amount of foreign matters
in reclaimed asphalt
EN 12697-43, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 43: Resistance to fuel
EN 12397-44, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 44: Crack propagation by
semi-circular bending test
prEN 12697-45, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 45: Saturation ageing tensile
stiffness (SATS) conditioning test
prEN 12697-46, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 46: Low temperature
cracking and properties by uniaxial tension tests
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EN 12697-47, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 47: Determination of the ash
content of natural asphalts
1)
prEN 12697-48, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 48: Interlayer bonding
EN 12697-49, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 49: Determination of friction
after polishing
prCEN/TS 12697-50, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 50: Resistance to
1)
scuffing
1)
prEN 12697-51, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods — Part 51, Surface shear strength test
1)

prTS 12697-52, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods — Part 52, Conditioning to address oxidative ageing
prEN 12697-53, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods — Part 53, Cohesion increase by spreadability-meter
1)
method

1) In preparation.
7

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1 Scope
This European Standard specifies the method for compaction of cylindrical specimens of bituminous mixtures
using a gyratory compactor. Such compaction is achieved by combining a rotary shearing action and a vertical
resultant force applied by a mechanical head.
The method is used for:
 determination of the air voids content of a mixture for a given number of gyrations or derivation of a curve
density (or void content) versus number of gyrations;
 preparation of specimens of given height and/or at a predetermined density, for subsequent testing of
their mechanical properties.
The equipment used for the method needs to comply with Annex A, Annex B or Annex C.
Annex A is especially suitable for compaction research and Annex A, Annex B and Annex C for the
preparation of specimens for mechanical testing and for void content evaluation.
This European Standard applies to bituminous mixtures (both those made up in laboratory and those resulting
from work site sampling), with an upper aggregate size not larger than 31,5 mm.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 12697-5, Bituminous mixtures — Tests methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 5: Determination of the
maximum density
EN 12697-6, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 6: Determination of bulk density
of bituminous specimens
EN 12697-8, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 8: Determination of void
characteristics of bituminous specimens
EN 12697-27, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 27: Sampling
EN 12697-35, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 35: Laboratory mixing
EN 13108-1, Bituminous mixtures — Material specifications — Part 1: Asphalt concrete
EN ISO 4287, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Surface texture: Profile method — Terms,
definitions and surface texture parameters (ISO 4287)
EN ISO 6508-1, Metallic materials — Rockwell hardness test — Part 1: Test method (scales A, B, C, D, E, F,
G, H, K, N, T) (ISO 6508-1)
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3 Terms, definitions and symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1.1
gyratory compactor type
representative model of a given production compactor
3.1.2
force-angle calibration chain
force F and the angle φ determined for a type of gyratory compactor in order to comply with the central
reference material requirements in Table A.1
Note 1 to entry: Production gyratory compactors of the same type are adjusted using the determined values of F and
φ. The conformity of a production gyratory compactor to a type can be verified by doing a comparative test on a bituminous
mixture or by checking the variations of the internal angle as described in A.3.3.
3.1.3
central reference material
two bituminous mixtures, produced under defined conditions from constituents stored at a given site, of which
the compositions are not specified but the air voids content (the constancy of which is traceable) is at fixed
numbers of gyrations
Note 1 to entry: The characteristics of the central reference material are specified in Table A.1.
3.1.4
internal top angle
angle between the internal mould cross-sectional plane and the upper metallic insert as a mould is gyrated in
a gyratory compactor
3.1.5
internal bottom angle
angle between the internal mould cross-sectional plane and the lower metallic insert as a mould is gyrated in a
gyratory compactor
3.1.6
internal effective angle
average of the internal top angle and the internal bottom angle
3.1.7
eccentricity
distance, e, away from the axis of gyration at which a force, F, is acting at one end of a gyratory compactor
mould
Note 1 to entry: The eccentricity is explained in Figure C.1.
3.1.8
tilting moment
product of the eccentricity, e, and the force, F, acting at one end of a gyratory compactor mould in a direction
parallel to the axis of gyration
Note 1 to entry: The tilting moment is explained in Figure C.1.
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of this document, the following symbols apply.
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α is the internal angle, in degrees (°);
φ is the angle of incline of axis of test piece, in degrees (°);
F is the axial resultant force applicable to the ends of the test pieces, in newton (N);
ω is the speed of rotation of the axis of symmetry of revolution of the test piece, in revolutions per
minute (rev/min);
D is the internal diameter of the mould, in millimetres (mm);
M is the mass of a dry mixture to be introduced in the mould, in kilograms (kg);
Mw is the mass of a wet mixture to be introduced in the mould, in kilograms (kg);
3
ρ is the maximum density of the mixture, in kilograms per cubic metre (kg/m );
M
h is the minimum height of compacted specimen, corresponding to a zero percentage of voids, in
min
millimetres (mm);

h(n ) is the height of specimen after a number of gyrations n , in millimetres (mm);
g g
ρ is the bulk density of specimen after a number of gyrations n , in kilograms per cubic metre
(ng) g
3
(kg/m );
P is the preload, initial value of F, in newton (N);
v is the void content, in percent (%);
%
e is the eccentricity, in millimetres (mm);
ITa is the measured internal top angle (4 individual measurements);
1…4
ITa is the minimum measured internal top angle (of 4 measurements);
min
ITa is the maximum measured internal top angle (of 4 measurements);
max
ITA is the internal top angle (average of 4 measurements)
ITA is the internal top angle at 240 Nm tilting moment;
240
ITA is the internal top angle at 425 Nm tilting moment;
425
IBa is the measured internal bottom angle (4 individual measurements);
1…4
IBa is the minimum measured internal bottom angle (of 4 measurements);
min
IBa is the maximum measured internal bottom angle (of 4 measurements);
max
IBA is the internal bottom angle (average of 4 measurements)
IBA is the internal bottom angle at 240 Nm tilting moment;
240
IBA is the internal bottom angle at 425 Nm tilting moment;
425
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IEA is the internal effective angle (average of ITA and IBA);
IEA is the internal effective angle at 240 Nm tilting moment;
240
IEA is the internal effective angle at 425 Nm tilting moment;
425
δ is the difference between ITA and IBA at 240 Nm;
TB(240)
δ is the difference between ITA and IBA at 425 Nm;
TB(425)
δ is the difference between IEA and IEA ;
LH 240 425
w is the water content (if present) in percent of the mass of the dry mixture.
4 Principle
The bituminous mixture is contained within a cylindrical mould limited by inserts and kept at a constant
temperature within specified tolerances throughout the whole duration of the test.
Compaction is achieved by the simultaneous action of a low static compression, and of the shearing action
resulting from the motion of the axis of the sample which generates a conical surface of revolution, of apex O
and of 2 φ angle at the apex, while the ends of the test piece should ideally remain perpendicular to the axis of
the conical surface (see Figure 1).
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Key
F axial resultant force
h (n ) height of specimen after a number of gyrations
g
φ angle
Figure 1 — Test piece motion dia
...