SIST EN 302 245-1 V1.1.1:2006
(Main)Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Transmitting equipment for the Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM) broadcasting service Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Transmitting equipment for the Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM) broadcasting service Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods
The present document applies to Transmitting equipment for the Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM) broadcasting service. The types of equipment covered by the present document are as follows:
• Transmitting equipment for the Digital Radio Mondiale broadcasting service operating in the harmonized LF, MF and HF terrestrial sound broadcasting bands.
The present document is intended to cover the provisions of article 3.2, of Directive 1999/5/EC [2] (R&TTE Directive), which states that "… radio equipment shall be so constructed that it effectively uses the spectrum allocated to terrestrial/space radio communications and orbital resources so as to avoid harmful interference." In addition to the present document, other ENs that specify technical requirements in respect of essential requirements under other parts of article 3 of the R&TTE Directive [2] may apply to equipment within the scope of the present document.
NOTE: A list of such ENs is included on the web site http://www.newapproach.org.
Elektromagnetna združljivost in zadeve v zvezi z radijskim spektrom (ERM) – Oddajniška oprema za svetovni digitalni radio (DRM) v radiodifuzijski storitvi – 1. del: Tehnične karakteristike in preskusne metode
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 302 245-1 V1.1.1:2006
01-marec-2006
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2GGDMQLãNDRSUHPD]DVYHWRYQLGLJLWDOQLUDGLR '50 YUDGLRGLIX]LMVNLVWRULWYL±
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Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Transmitting
equipment for the Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM) broadcasting service Part 1: Technical
characteristics and test methods
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 302 245-1 Version 1.1.1
ICS:
33.060.20 Sprejemna in oddajna Receiving and transmitting
oprema equipment
33.100.01 Elektromagnetna združljivost Electromagnetic compatibility
na splošno in general
33.170 Televizijska in radijska Television and radio
difuzija broadcasting
SIST EN 302 245-1 V1.1.1:2006 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 302 245-1 V1.1.1:2006
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SIST EN 302 245-1 V1.1.1:2006
ETSI EN 302 245-1 V1.1.1 (2005-01)
European Standard (Telecommunications series)
Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Transmitting equipment for the Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM)
broadcasting service;
Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods
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SIST EN 302 245-1 V1.1.1:2006
2 ETSI EN 302 245-1 V1.1.1 (2005-01)
Reference
DEN/ERM-TG17WG2-001-1
Keywords
audio, broadcasting, digital, DRM, radio,
terrestrial, transmitter
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SIST EN 302 245-1 V1.1.1:2006
3 ETSI EN 302 245-1 V1.1.1 (2005-01)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights.5
Foreword.5
Introduction .5
1 Scope.6
2 References.6
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations .6
3.1 Definitions.6
3.2 Symbols.8
3.3 Abbreviations.8
4 Technical requirements specifications.8
4.1 Environmental profile.8
4.2 Transmitter output characteristics .9
4.2.1 Rated output power.9
4.2.1.1 Definition.9
4.2.1.2 Method of measurement.9
4.2.1.2.1 Initial conditions.9
4.2.1.2.2 Procedure.9
4.2.1.2.3 Test requirements.9
4.2.1.3 Limit.9
4.2.2 Frequency stability.9
4.2.2.1 Definition.9
4.2.2.2 Method of measurement.10
4.2.2.2.1 Initial conditions.10
4.2.2.2.2 Procedure.10
4.2.2.2.3 Test requirements.10
4.2.2.3 Limit.10
4.3 Digital signal processing.10
4.3.1 Modulation Error Ratio (MER) .10
4.3.1.1 Definition.10
4.3.1.2 Method of measurement.11
4.3.1.3 Limit.11
4.4 Antenna port measurements.11
4.4.1 Spurious emissions.11
4.4.1.1 Definition.11
4.4.1.2 Method of measurement (essential test suite) .11
4.4.1.2.1 Initial conditions.11
4.4.1.2.2 Procedure.12
4.4.1.2.3 Test requirements.12
4.4.1.3 Limit.12
4.4.2 Transmitter muting during frequency shift .13
4.4.2.1 Definition.13
4.4.2.2 Method of measurement (essential test suite) .13
4.4.2.2.1 Initial conditions.13
4.4.2.2.2 Procedure.14
4.4.2.2.3 Test requirements.14
4.4.2.3 Limit.14
4.4.3 Out-of-band emissions.14
4.4.3.1 Definition.14
4.4.3.2 Method of measurement (essential test suite) .14
4.4.3.2.1 Initial conditions.14
4.4.3.2.2 Procedure.14
4.4.3.2.3 Test requirements.14
4.4.3.3 Limit.14
ETSI
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SIST EN 302 245-1 V1.1.1:2006
4 ETSI EN 302 245-1 V1.1.1 (2005-01)
4.5 Enclosure port measurements (radiated emissions).16
4.5.1 Cabinet radiation.16
4.5.1.1 Definition.16
4.5.1.2 Method of measurement (essential test suite) .16
4.5.1.2.1 Initial conditions.16
4.5.1.2.2 Procedure.17
4.5.1.2.3 Test requirements.17
4.5.1.3 Limits.17
4.6 Measurement uncertainties.18
Annex A (normative): Typical measuring arrangements.19
A.1 Testing arrangements for antenna port (and MER) measurements .19
A.1.1 Testing arrangement.19
A.1.2 Test frequency range (antenna port measurements) .20
A.1.3 Test modulating signal .20
Annex B (normative): Test load characteristics.21
Annex C (informative): Bibliography.22
History .23
ETSI
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SIST EN 302 245-1 V1.1.1:2006
5 ETSI EN 302 245-1 V1.1.1 (2005-01)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM).
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering the Transmitting equipment for the Digital Radio
Mondiale (DRM) broadcasting service, as identified below:
Part 1: "Technical characteristics and test methods";
Part 2: "Harmonized EN under article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 14 January 2005
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 30 April 2005
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 31 October 2005
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 October 2005
Introduction
The present document covers a set of non mandatory technical parameters that are considered to be the minimum
requirement for the design and operation of a DRM sound broadcasting service.
Other documents directly associated with the present document:
- EN 302 245-2 [1];
- EN 301 489-11 [2].
ETSI
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SIST EN 302 245-1 V1.1.1:2006
6 ETSI EN 302 245-1 V1.1.1 (2005-01)
1 Scope
The present document covers the following types of equipment:
Transmitting equipment for the Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM) sound broadcasting service operating in the LF, MF and
HF bands.
2 References
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present
document.
• References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
[1] ETSI EN 302 245-2: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Transmitting equipment for the Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM) broadcasting service;
Part 2: Harmonized EN under article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
[2] ETSI EN 301 489-11: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services;
Part 11: Specific conditions for terrestrial sound broadcasting service transmitters".
[3] CENELEC EN 55022: "Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics of
information technology equipment".
[4] CENELEC EN 55011: "Industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio-frequency equipment -
Radio disturbance characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement".
[5] ETSI TR 100 028 series: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics".
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
amplitude imbalance: error caused by different amplification of the I and Q signals
antenna port: port of an apparatus which is designed, in normal operation, to be connected to an antenna using coaxial
cable
broadcasting service: radiocommunication service in which the transmissions are intended for direct reception by the
general public
NOTE: This service may include sound transmissions, television transmissions or other types of transmission.
cabinet radiation: radiation from an enclosure containing, equipment, excluding radiation from connected antennas or
cables
ETSI
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SIST EN 302 245-1 V1.1.1:2006
7 ETSI EN 302 245-1 V1.1.1 (2005-01)
channel bandwidth: frequency band of defined width (as a multiple of the carrier grid) including safety margin for
operation on adjacent channels, located symmetrically around a carrier frequency in the carrier grid
class of emission: set of characteristics of an emission, designated by standard symbols
NOTE: Type of modulation of the main carrier, modulating signal, type of information to be transmitted, and
also, if appropriate, any additional signal characteristics.
dBc: decibels relative to the unmodulated carrier power of the emission
NOTE: In the cases which do not have a carrier, for example in some digital modulation schemes where the
carrier is not accessible for measurement, the reference level equivalent to dBc is decibels relative to the
mean power P.
enclosure port: physical boundary of the apparatus through which electromagnetic fields may radiate or impinge
NOTE: In the case of integral antenna equipment, this port is inseparable from the antenna port.
environmental profile: range of environmental conditions under which equipment within the scope of EN 302 245-1 is
required to comply with the provisions of EN 302 245-1
harmonic: component of order greater than 1 of the Fourier series of a periodic quantity
harmonic number: integral number given by the ratio of the frequency of a harmonic to the fundamental frequency
nd
NOTE: 2 harmonic = 2 × fundamental frequency.
intermodulation products: unwanted frequencies resulting from intermodulation between carriers or harmonics of
emission, or between any oscillations generated to produce the carrier
mean power: average power supplied to the antenna port by a transmitter during an interval of time sufficiently long
compared with the lowest frequency encountered in the modulation envelope taken under normal operating conditions
multiplex: stream of all the digital data carrying one or more services within a single physical channel
necessary bandwidth: for a given class of emission, the width of the frequency band which is sufficient to ensure the
transmission of information at the rate and with the quality required under specified conditions
out-of-band emissions: emission on a frequency or frequencies immediately outside the necessary bandwidth which
results from the modulation process, but excluding spurious emissions
quadrature error: error caused by phase shift between the I and Q signals
reference bandwidth: bandwidth in which the emission level is specified
RMS power: apparent power of an AC power that is calculated by multiplying root-mean-square (rms) current by the
root mean square voltage
NOTE 1: In a purely resistive circuit this is held to be the equivalent heating effect of a DC power and can be
deemed to be true power. In a circuit that consists of reactance as well as resistance the apparent power is
greater than the true power (the vector difference between true power and apparent power is called
reactive power).
True Power = Vrms × (Irms ∆ cos Ø)
Where Δ cos Ø is the phase difference between voltage and current introduced by the reactance of the load.
NOTE 2: From the above definition it becomes clear that unless any measuring system can be completely devoid of
reactance then the measured power cannot be considered to be RMS power. It therefore becomes apparent
that this parameter would be difficult to measure with any degree of accuracy at RF frequencies.
ETSI
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SIST EN 302 245-1 V1.1.1:2006
8 ETSI EN 302 245-1 V1.1.1 (2005-01)
spurious emissions: emission on a frequency or frequencies which are outside the necessary bandwidth and the level of
which may be reduced without affecting the corresponding transmission of information
NOTE: Spurious emissions include harmonic emissions, parasitic emissions, intermodulation products and
frequency conversion products but exclude out-of-band emissions.
unwanted emissions: spurious emissions and out-of-band emissions
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbol applies:
μ micro
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
AI Amplitude Imbalance
dB Decibel, logarithmic ratio (tenths of a "Bel")
dBm dB relative to one milliwatt
COFDM Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex
DRM Digital Radio Mondiale
EMC Electro-Magnetic Compatibility
EN European Norm
EUT Equipment Under Test
HF High Frequency
I In-phase component of a signal
ITU International Telecommunications Union
LF Low Frequency
LV Low Voltage
MER Modulation Error Ratio
MF Medium Frequency
N Noise power
OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex
Q Quadrature phase component of a signal
QE Quadrature Error
R&TTE Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment
RF Radio Frequency
RMS Root Mean Square
s second (unit of time)
V Volt
W Watt
4 Technical requirements specifications
4.1 Environmental profile
The environmental profile for operation of the equipment shall be declared by the supplier. The equipment shall comply
with all the technical requirements of the present document at all times when operating within the boundary limits of the
required operational environmental profile.
ETSI
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SIST EN 302 245-1 V1.1.1:2006
9 ETSI EN 302 245-1 V1.1.1 (2005-01)
4.2 Transmitter output characteristics
4.2.1 Rated output power
4.2.1.1 Definition
The rated output power is the mean power that the transmitter shall deliver at its antenna port under the manufacturers
specified conditions of operation.
NOTE: It is, however, recommended that this parameter is not quoted as RMS power.
4.2.1.2 Method of measurement
4.2.1.2.1 Initial conditions
Test environment:
- the normal operating environment, as declared by the equipment manufacturer.
Test frequencies:
1) the lowest operating frequency of the EUT;
2) the highest operating frequency of the EUT;
3) a frequency mid-way between 1) and 2) above.
Test arrangement (see figure A.1):
1) all ports unused at the time of testing shall be correctly terminated;
2) connect the EUT to the test load, via the coupling device or via the attenuator;
3) connect the measuring device to the coupling device or attenuator.
4.2.1.2.2 Procedure
The power of the signal of a DRM transmitter is defined as the long-term average of the time-varying short-term signal
power. An appropriate instrument for low power DRM transmitters is a thermal power meter; for high power DRM
transmitters a calorimetric method may be used.
4.2.1.2.3 Test requirements
The results obtained shall be compared to the limits in clause 4.2.1.3 in order to demonstrate compliance.
4.2.1.3 Limit
The mean output power shall be within ±10 % of the rated output power under normal operating conditions as defined
by the manufacturer.
4.2.2 Frequency stability
4.2.2.1 Definition
The frequency stability of an emission is the variation of frequency against a predetermined time scale.
ETSI
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SIST EN 302 245-1 V1.1.1:2006
10 ETSI EN 302 245-1 V1.1.1 (2005-01)
4.2.2.2 Method of measurement
4.2.2.2.1 Initial conditions
Test environment:
- the normal operating environment, as declared by the equipment manufacturer.
Test frequencies:
- one frequency within the tuning range of the EUT.
Test arrangement (see figure A.1):
1) all ports unused at the time of testing shall be correctly terminated;
2) connect the EUT to the test load, via the coupling device or via the attenuator;
3) connect the measuring device to the coupling device or attenuator.
NOTE: Alternatively the transmitter local oscillator may be measured in order to calculate the frequency stability
of the EUT RF output signal.
4.2.2.2.2 Procedure
The characteristic frequency may be measured with any suitable measuring device, provided that the accuracy attained
during the measurement is better than approximately 10 % of the frequency tolerance of the frequency stability
specified in clause 4.2.2.3.
For a tight frequency tolerance or a high degree of frequency stability, the measuring accuracy stated above puts higher
demands on the accuracy of the measuring equipment.
Other methods of great precision use a standard reference frequency, the frequency of which is known with high
accuracy. With such methods, the reception of a standard frequency transmission may be used to advantage. When the
frequency is to be measured as a function of time, measurements shall be made at intervals, which are short enough to
reveal the presence of superimposed periodical variations.
In this case, the measurements shall preferably be made with a recording instrument.
The accuracy of the measuring method shall be stated with the results of the measurements.
The conditions of operation shall also be given together with the assigned frequency of the emission which has been
used as the characteristic frequency.
4.2.2.2.3 Test requirements
The results obtained shall be compared to the limits in clause 4.2.2.3 in order to demonstrate compliance.
4.2.2.3 Limit
For a period of not less than ninety days, the frequency of the transmitter shall stay within the tolerance of ±10 Hz.
4.3 Digital signal processing
4.3.1 Modulation Error Ratio (MER)
4.3.1.1 Definition
MER is a single parameter to measure the quality of the transmitted signal. It is defined as the sum of the squares of the
magnitudes of the ideal symbol vectors divided by the sum of the squares of the magnitudes of the symbol error vectors.
The result is expressed as a power ratio in dB.
ETSI
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SIST EN 302 245-1 V1.1.1:2006
11 ETSI EN 302 245-1 V1.1.1 (2005-01)
4.3.1.2 Method of measurement
The carrier frequency of the OFDM signal and the symbol timing are recovered by the receiver. In the received signal
Origin Offset (e.g. caused by residual carrier or DC offset in the mixers), Quadrature Error (e.g. caused by phase shift
between the I and Q signal) and Amplitude Imbalance (e.g. caused by different amplification of I and Q) are not
corrected in the receiver.
A time record of N received symbol co-ordinate pairs (Ij, Qj) is captured.
For each received symbol, a decision is made as to which symbol was transmitted. The error vector is defined as the
distance from
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