oSIST prEN 1094-9:2005
(Main)Insulating refractory products - Part 9: Methods of test for alkaline earth silicate (AES) wool products
Insulating refractory products - Part 9: Methods of test for alkaline earth silicate (AES) wool products
This European Standard specifies methods for determining the thickness, bulk density, resilience, permanent linear change, thermal conductivity, tensile strength and shot content of AES wool products. It applies to AES wool bulk, blankets, felts, mats, boards, pre-formed shapes and papers, with the exception of products delivered in a wet state.
The application of the individual test methods is given in Table 1, with reference to the type of products.
Feuerfeste Erzeugnisse für Wärmedämmzwecke - Teil 9: Prüfverfahren für Erzeugnisse aus Erdalkali-Silicat-(AES-)Wolle
Produits réfractaires isolants - Méthodes d'essai pour les produits de laine de verre de silicate alcalinoterreux
La présente Norme européenne spécifie les méthodes de détermination de l'épaisseur, la masse volumique apparente, la résilience, la variation linéaire permanente, la conductivité thermique, la résistance a la rupture par traction et la teneur en infibrés des produits de laine de verre de silicate alcalinoterreux. Le présent document s'applique a la laine de verre de silicate alcalinoterreux en vrac, ainsi qu'aux feutres, matelas, panneaux, pieces préformées et papiers de laine de verre de silicate alcalinoterreux, a l'exception des produits fournis a l'état humide.
L'application des méthodes d'essai individuelles est donnée dans le Tableau 1, avec référence au type de produits.
Toplotnoizolacijski ognjevzdržni izdelki - 9. del: Metode preskušanja izdelkov iz zemljoalkalijske silikatne volne (AES)
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI oSIST prEN 1094-9:2005
PREDSTANDARD
maj 2005
Toplotnoizolacijski ognjevzdržni izdelki - 9. del: Metode preskušanja izdelkov
iz zemljoalkalijske silikatne volne (AES)
Insulating refractory products - Part 9: Methods of test for alkaline earth silicate
(AES) wool products
ICS 81.080 Referenčna številka
oSIST prEN 1094-9:2005(en)
© Standard je založil in izdal Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje ali kopiranje celote ali delov tega dokumenta ni dovoljeno
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EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN 1094-9
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
February 2005
ICS
English version
Insulating refractory products - Part 9: Methods of test for
alkaline earth silicate (AES) wool products
Feuerfeste Erzeugnisse für Wärmedämmzwecke - Teil 9:
Prüfverfahren für Erzeugnisse aus Erdalkali-Silicat-(AES-
)Wolle
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 187.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 1094-9:2005: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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prEN 1094-9:2005 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword.3
1 Scope .4
2 Normative references .4
3 Preparation of test pieces.4
4 Determination of the thickness .4
5 Determination of the bulk density.6
6 Determination of resilience.7
7 Determination of the permanent linear change on heating.8
8 Determination of thermal conductivity.11
9 Determination of the tensile strength.15
10 Determination of shot content.16
11 Test reports .18
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prEN 1094-9:2005 (E)
Foreword
This document (prEN 1094-9:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 187 “Refractory
products and materials”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
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prEN 1094-9:2005 (E)
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies methods for determining the thickness, bulk density, resilience, permanent
linear change, thermal conductivity, tensile strength and shot content of AES wool products. It applies to AES
wool bulk, blankets, felts, mats, boards, pre-formed shapes and papers, with the exception of products
delivered in a wet state.
The application of the individual test methods is given in Table 1, with reference to the type of products.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 1094 Insulating refractory products — Part 1: Terminology for AES wool products.
EN 10002-2, Metallic materials — Tensile testing — Part 2: Verification of the force measuring system of the
tensile testing machine.
ISO 565:1990, Test sieves — Metal wire cloth, perforated metal plate and electroformed sheet — Nominal
sizes of openings
3 Preparation of test pieces
The number of items to be tested shall be determined by agreement between the parties. The number of test
pieces per item shall be determined in accordance with Table 1. When the material to be tested is wound, any
compressed material at the extreme ends shall be excluded. A strip shall be cut perpendicular to the length
across the full material width, of sufficient size for the different tests planned. From the strip, cut the required
number of test pieces of required dimensions, using a template, a sharp knife, a saw, or other method, which
will not damage the sample. Avoid excess pressure as this may crush the fibre.
4 Determination of the thickness
4.1 Principle
Determination of the thickness of a product subjected to a compressive stress, which depends on its nominal
bulk density. There are two methods, of which the dial gauge comparator method (4.3.1) is the referee method
and is the only method applicable to AES wool paper.
4.2 Test piece dimensions
The size of the test piece shall be such that the disc entirely rests on it, and shall be at least 100 mm ×
100 mm.
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prEN 1094-9:2005 (E)
4.3 Methods
4.3.1 The dial gauge comparator method
4.3.1.1 Apparatus
The apparatus consists of a machined reference plate, a dial gauge comparator and its base and a metallic
disc, 75 mm in diameter. The apparatus is capable of applying a 350 Pa ± 7 Pa compressive stress to
products with a nominal bulk density less than 96 kg/m³ and a 725 Pa ± 15 Pa compressive stress to products
with a nominal bulk density equal to or higher than 96 kg/m³. For AES wool papers, the measurement shall be
carried out under a compressive stress of 10 kPa ± 1 kPa with a disc 12.5 mm in diameter.
4.3.1.2 Procedure
Put the test piece on the reference plate and let the disc rest on the product, care being taken not to induce
parasitic pressure. Measure the thickness at the disc centre with respect to the reference plate and to an
accuracy of ± 0.1 mm.
4.3.2 The needle method
4.3.2.1 Apparatus
Machined reference plate and a measuring device made up of a needle 150 mm ± 1 mm in length and 3 mm
in diameter, and a metallic disc 75 mm in diameter which slides along the needle and is capable of being
secured in position, with a dial gauge comparator and a thickness gauge. The stress determined by the mass
of the disc and of its securing device shall not exceed 350 Pa ± 7 Pa for products with a nominal bulk density
less than 96 kg/m³ and 725 Pa ± 15 Pa for products with a nominal bulk density equal to or higher than 96
kg/m³.
4.3.2.2 Procedure
Put the product to be measured on the reference plate, punch it with the needle and remove the needle. For
the measurement, bring back the needle point in contact with the reference plate and lower the disc on to the
surface of the product, care being taken not to induce parasitic pressure. Secure the disc in position, remove
the whole device and measure the distance between the needle point and the disc to an accuracy of ± 0.1 mm.
Table 1 — Summary of test methods and designations, applicability to product types and
number of test pieces per item required
Clause Test Material Number of
test pieces
4 Thickness: 725 Pa or 350 Pa method Blanket, Felt, Mat, Board 3
10 kPa method Paper 3
Blanket, Felt, Mat, Board,
5 Bulk Density 3
Paper
6 Resilience Blanket, Felt, Mat 3
7 Permanent linear change on heating Blanket, Felt, Mat, Board, 3
by the slow heat method Paper, Pre-formed shapes
8 Thermal conductivity: Calorimetric Blanket, Felt, Mat, Board,
1
method up to hot face temperature of Paper
1300°C
9 Tensile strength Blanket, Felt, Paper 5
Bulk fibre, Blanket, Felt, Mat,
10 Shot content 3
Board, Paper
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prEN 1094-9:2005 (E)
4.4 Test report
Report the data required by clause 11, the dimensions of each test piece, the individual values for each test
piece and the mean value for each item.
5 Determination of the bulk density
5.1 Principle
Determination of the bulk density by calculation of the ratio between the mass of the product and its volume
geometrically determined, thickness having been first determined according to clause 4.
5.2 Apparatus
5.2.1 Thickness measurement device, as in 4.3.1 or 4.3.2;
5.2.2 Steel rule, reading to 0,5 mm, possibly with a square angle at the readings origin, or alternatively,
callipers;
5.2.3 Ventilated oven, at (110 ± 5) °C;
5.2.4 Balance, of 2 kg capacity, capable to measuring to the nearest ± 0,01 g.
5.3 Test pieces
The dimensions of the test pieces shall be in accordance with 4.2. Dry the test pieces at (110 ± 5) °C to
constant mass. Constant mass can be considered as achieved when the mass variation between two
weighings carried out within a one hour interval does not exceed 0,1 %. Reject any test piece where the loss
of mass exceeds 5 % after drying.
5.4 Procedure
Measure the two other dimensions of the test piece with the steel rule or the callipers to an accuracy of 0.5
mm, and calculate its area, the thickness being determined according to clause 4. Carry out the
measurements along the middle of each face of the test piece. Carry out the weighings to the nearest 0,1 g.
5.5 Expression of results
Calculate the bulk volume, V , of the test-piece, in m³, using the following equation:
b
V = S × t
b
where:
S is the area in m²;
t is the thickness in m.
Calculate the bulk density, ρ, of the test piece, in kg/m³, using the equation:
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prEN 1094-9:2005 (E)
m
ρ =
V
b
where
m is the dry mass in kg determined in 5.4
V is the bulk volume in m³
b
5.6 Test report
Report the data required by clause 11, the mass and dimensions of each test piece, reference to the method
for thickness, and the individual values for each test piece and a mean for each item.
6 Determination of resilience
6.1 Definition
Resilience is the ability of AES wools to spring back after compression to 50 % of thickness. It is the ratio of
the thickness of a product (after the application and relaxation of a compressive force, which reduces the
original thickness to 50 % of its original value), to its original thickness.
6.2 Principle
Calculation of the ratio, expressed in %, of the thickness of a product to its initial thickness, after application of
a compressive stress sufficient to reduce the initial thickness to 50 % for a given time.
6.3 Apparatus
6.3.1 thickness gauge;
6.3.2 compression testing machine, capable of applying the compressive stress at a given rate and
provided with means for measuring the test piece deformation;
6.3.3 balance, capable to measuring to the nearest ± 0,01 g;
6.3.4 ventilated oven, set at (110 ± 5) °C.
6.4 Test pieces
6.4.1 Dimensions
Cut out test pieces of dimensions 100 mm × 100 mm × (nominal thickness). Do not compress the test pieces
when cutting out.
6.4.2 Drying
See 5.3.
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prEN 1094-9:2005 (E)
6.5 Procedure
Determine the thickness according to clause 4. Set the compression testing machine to give a constant
deformation rate of 2 mm/min. Place the test piece in the compression tester and compress at the given rate
until the test piece thickness has been reduced by 50 %.
NOTE If a record of compressive stress versus thickness is required, record the compressive stress at regular %
reductions of the original thickness.
Keep the test piece at 50 % of its initial thickness for 5 min and then remove the majority of the pressure
applied by the testing machine but just maintaining a nominal pressure, of either 350 Pa for products with a
bulk density less than 96 kg/m³ or 725 Pa for products with a bulk density equal to or higher than 96 kg/m³.
After 5 min, determine the thickness according to clause 4.
NOTE Other values for reduction of the thickness can be chosen by agreement between the parties. The same
procedure shall be used.
6.6 Expression of the results
Calculate the resilience, R, in %, using the equation
t
t
R = ×100
t
i
where
t is the thickness after testing, in mm;
t
t is the initial thickness, in mm;
i
Calculate permanent deformation, D , in %, using the equation:
P
t
t
D =100 1 −
P
t
i
6.7 Test report
Report the data required by clause 11, the dimensions of the test pieces and the thickness method, also any
value for reduction of the thickness, if different from 50 %, individual values of permanent
deformation/resilience, and the mean values of permanent deformation/resilience.
7 Determination of the permanent linear change on heating
7.1 Principle
Determination of the permanent linear change of the dimensions of test pieces held at a prescribed
temperature and for a prescribed time interval. The permanent linear change is expressed as the ratio of the
difference between the initial dimension and the dimension after testing measured between platinum wire
markers inserted into the test piece surface on the initial dimension.
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prEN 1094-9:2005 (E)
7.2 Apparatus
7.2.1 Furnace
Electric furnace, the homogeneity of which shall be such as not to allow the temperature difference between
any two points of the furnace to exceed 10 K. The dimensions of the furnace shall be such as to ensure that
test pieces are at least 50 mm away from heating elements and that the test piece and the thermocouple
junction are 10 mm to 20 mm apart.
7.2.2 Measuring devices
Measurements shall be by means of an optical method.
7.2.3 Thermocouples
One thermocouple should be used to measure the temperature and temperature distribution over the space
occupied by the test pieces in at least 3 positions.
7.3 Test pieces
7.3.1 Dimensions
The dimensions of the test pieces shall be 100 mm x 100 mm x (nominal thickness), care being taken to
record the direction of rolling of the product.
7.3.2 Drying
See 5.3.
7.4 Procedure
7.4.1 Test-piece preparation
On the diagonals of the upper 100 mm × 100 mm surface of each test-piece, and 10 mm to 15 mm away from
the edges, insert four platinum wire markers so that they are approximately 75 mm apart. These markers shall
be 0.5 mm in diameter, their length being such as to leave 1 mm or 2 mm protruding above the surface when
they are inserted at a depth corresponding to at least 3/4 of the test piece thickness. For calculation, take into
account the distance (approximately 75 mm) between two markers, measured parallel to the edge of the test
piece.
NOTE For very hard preformed shapes, platinum wire markers may be replaced by painted marks.
7.4.2 Sample Measurement
The centre-to-centre distance between each pair of platinum pins is measured. This is achieved by measuring
the distance between the left hand sides of both pins and the right hand sides of both pins. These 2 distances
are summed and the value divided by 2. This gives the centre-to-centre value. It is usual practice to place a
platinum pin in one of the corners of the sample as a reference marker for the orientation of the sample after
firing. The pins’ placement is indicated on the measurement sheet used to record the above data.
7.4.3 Accuracy of measurements
The optical measurement shall be accurate to ± 0.05 mm.
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prEN 1094-9:2005 (E)
7.4.4 Heating
7.4.4.1 Placing of test pieces
Place each test piece on a plinth cut from the same material, each plinth being used for one test onl
...
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