SIST EN ISO 12217-1:2002
(Main)Small craft - Stability and buoyancy assessment and categorization - Part 1: Non-sailing boats of hull length greater than or equal to 6 m (ISO 12217-1:2002)
Small craft - Stability and buoyancy assessment and categorization - Part 1: Non-sailing boats of hull length greater than or equal to 6 m (ISO 12217-1:2002)
Sets requirements on stability factors, tests and other safety aspects, related to stability of small craft (will probably be followed by further parts).
Kleine Wasserfahrzeuge - Festlegung und Kategorisierung von Querstabilität und Auftrieb - Teil 1: Nicht-Segelboote ab 6 m Rumpflänge (ISO 12217-1:2002)
Dieser Teil von ISO 12217 legt Verfahren für die Beurteilung von Querstabilität und Auftrieb des intakten (d. h. unverletzten) Bootes fest. Ebenfalls sind darin die Auftriebseigenschaften solcher Boote erfasst, die empfindlich gegen Vollschlagen sind.
Die Beurteilung der Querstabilitäts- und Auftriebseigenschaften nach diesem Teil von ISO 12217 erlaubt es, das Boot einer Auslegungskategorie (A, B, C, oder D) zuzuordnen, die seiner Auslegung und seiner maximalen Zuladung entspricht.
Dieser Teil der ISO 12217 ist grundsätzlich auf Boote anwendbar, die durch Muskelkraft oder Motor angetrieben werden und in einem Bereich von 6 m bis 24 m Rumpflänge liegen. Er kann jedoch auch auf Boote von weniger als 6 m Rumpflänge angewendet werden, wenn diese bei Anwendung von ISO 12217-3 nicht die gewünschte Auslegungskategorie erreichen, jedoch eingedeckt sind und schnell-lenzende Rezesse entsprechend ISO 11812 besitzen.
Ausgeschlossen von der Anwendung dieses Teils von ISO 12217 sind:
3 aufblasbare und starre aufblasbare Boote bis 8 m Rumpflänge nach ISO 6185;
3 Kanus, Kajaks oder sonstige Boote mit einer Breite von weniger als 1,1 m;
3 Tragflügelboote und Luftkissenfahrzeuge, sofern sie im Zustand dynamischen Antriebs fahren;
3 Tauchfahrzeuge.
Sie enthält keine Angaben oder Beurteilungen zu den die Querstabilität betreffenden Auswirkungen von Abschleppen, Fischen, Ausbaggern oder Anheben; diese sollten, wenn erforderlich, gesondert berücksichtigt werden.
Petits navires - Evaluation et catégorisation de la stabilité et de la flottabilité - Partie 1: Bateaux a propulsion non vélique d'une longueur de coque supérieure ou égale a 6 m (ISO 12217-1:2002)
Dieser Teil von ISO 12217 definiert Verfahren, um Stabilität und Auftrieb des intakten (d.h. unverletzten) Bootes zu bewerten. Ebenfalls sind darin die Auftriebs-Eigenschaften solcher Boote mit erfaszt, die empfindlich geben Vollschlagen sind. Die Bewertung der Stabilitäts- und Auftriebseigenschaften erlaubt es, dem Boot eine Auslegungskategorie (A, B, C oder D) zuzuordnen, die seinen Rumpfparametern bei voller Beladung entspricht.
Mala plovila – Stabilnost in ocena vzgona ter kategorizacija – 1. del: Čolni razen jadrnic s trupom, večjim ali enakim 6 m (ISO 12217-1:2002)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 12217-1:2002
01-december-2002
0DODSORYLOD±6WDELOQRVWLQRFHQDY]JRQDWHUNDWHJRUL]DFLMD±GHOýROQLUD]HQ
MDGUQLFVWUXSRPYHþMLPDOLHQDNLPP,62
Small craft - Stability and buoyancy assessment and categorization - Part 1: Non-sailing
boats of hull length greater than or equal to 6 m (ISO 12217-1:2002)
Kleine Wasserfahrzeuge - Festlegung und Kategorisierung von Querstabilität und
Auftrieb - Teil 1: Nicht-Segelboote ab 6 m Rumpflänge (ISO 12217-1:2002)
Petits navires - Evaluation et catégorisation de la stabilité et de la flottabilité - Partie 1:
Bateaux a propulsion non vélique d'une longueur de coque supérieure ou égale a 6 m
(ISO 12217-1:2002)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 12217-1:2002
ICS:
47.080
SIST EN ISO 12217-1:2002 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 12217-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
April 2002
ICS 47.080
English version
Small craft - Stability and buoyancy assessment and
categorization - Part 1: Non-sailing boats of hull length greater
than or equal to 6 m (ISO 12217-1:2002)
Petits navires - Evaluation et catégorisation de la stabilité et Kleine Wasserfahrzeuge - Festlegung und Kategorisierung
de la flottabilité - Partie 1: Bateaux à propulsion non vélique von Querstabilität und Auftrieb - Teil 1: Nicht-Segelboote ab
d'une longueur de coque supérieure ou égale à 6 m (ISO 6 m Rumpflänge (ISO 12217-1:2002)
12217-1:2002)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 11 March 2002.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2002 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 12217-1:2002 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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EN ISO 12217-1:2002 (E)
CORRECTED 2002-07-17
Foreword
This document (ISO 12217-1:2002) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 188
"Small craft" in collaboration with CMC.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication
of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2002, and conflicting national
standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2002.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements
of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative annex ZB, which is an integral part of
this document.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of
the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard ISO 12217-1:2002 has been approved by CEN as a
European Standard without any modifications.
NOTE Normative references to International Standards are listed in annex ZA (normative).
2
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EN ISO 12217-1:2002 (E)
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their relevant European publications
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other
publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the
publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions
of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by
amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to
applies (including amendments).
NOTE Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications,
indicated by (mod.), the relevant EN/HD applies.
Publication Year Title EN Year
ISO 9093-1 1994 Small craft - Seacocks and through- EN ISO 9093-1 1997
hull fittings - Part 1: Metallic
ISO 10240 1995 Small craft - Owner's manual EN ISO 10240 1996
ISO 11812 2001 Small craft - Watertight cockpits and EN ISO 11812 2001
quick-draining cockpits
ISO 14946 2001 Small craft - Maximum load capacity EN ISO 14946 2001
3
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EN ISO 12217-1:2002 (E)
Annex ZB
(informative)
Clauses of this European Standard addressing essential
requirements or other provisions of EU Directives
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the
European Commission and the European Free Trade Association and supports essential
requirements of EU Directive 94/25/EC.
WARNING: Other requirements and other EU Directive may be applicable to the
product(s) falling within the scope of this standard.
The following clauses of this standard, as detailed in Table ZB.1, are likely to support
requirements of Directive 94/25/EC.
Compliance with the clauses of this standard provides one means of conforming with the
specific essential requirements of the Directive concerned and associated EFTA
regulations.
Table ZB.1: Correspondence between this European Standard and EU Directives
Clauses/sub- Corresponding Comments
clauses of this annexes/ paragraphs
European Standard of Directive 94/25/EC
5, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, Annex I, Clause 3.2, Design categories A, B,
Annex A, B, C, D Stability and Freeboard, C and D defined in the
Clause 3.5, Flooding, standard are considered
and Clauses 3.6 and 3.2, to correspond to design
maximum load and categories A, B, C and D
number of persons of the Directive
6.5, Annex E, F Annex I, Clause 3.3,
Buoyancy and flotation
Annex H Annex I, Clause 2.5,
Owner's manual
4
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12217-1
First edition
2002-04-01
Small craft — Stability and buoyancy
assessment and categorization —
Part 1:
Non-sailing boats of hull length greater
than or equal to 6 m
Petits navires — Évaluation et catégorisation de la stabilité et de la
flottabilité —
Partie 1: Bateaux à propulsion non vélique d'une longueur de coque
supérieure ou égale à 6 m
Reference number
ISO 12217-1:2002(E)
©
ISO 2002
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ISO 12217-1:2002(E)
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ii © ISO 2002 – All rights reserved
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ISO 12217-1:2002(E)
Contents Page
Foreword.iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope .1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .2
3.1 Primary.2
3.2 Downflooding.3
3.3 Dimensions, areas and angles .4
3.4 Condition, mass and volume.5
3.5 Other terms and definitions.6
4 Symbols.8
5 Procedure .8
5.1 Maximum total load .8
5.2 Sailing or non-sailing .8
5.3 Tests and calculations to be applied.8
6 Tests, calculations and requirements .10
6.1 Downflooding.10
6.2 Offset-load test .14
6.3 Resistance to waves and wind (design categories A and B only) .15
6.4 Heel due to wind action (design categories C and D only).16
6.5 Flotation requirements.17
7 Application .17
7.1 Deciding the design category .17
7.2 Meaning of the design categories (see Table 5) .17
Annex A (normative) Full method for required downflooding height .18
Annex B (normative) Method for offset-load test .20
Annex C (normative) Methods for calculating downflooding angle .24
Annex D (normative) Determining the curve of righting moments.26
Annex E (normative) Method for level flotation test.28
Annex F (normative) Flotation material and elements .32
Annex G (normative) Information for owner's manual.34
Annex H (informative) Summary of requirements .35
Annex I (informative) Worksheets .36
Bibliography.47
© ISO 2002 – All rights reserved iii
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ISO 12217-1:2002(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted
by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 12217 may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard ISO 12217-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 188, Small craft.
ISO 12217 consists of the following parts, under the general title Small craft — Stability and buoyancy assessment
and categorization:
Part 1: Non-sailing boats of hull length greater than or equal to 6 m
Part 2: Sailing boats of hull length greater than or equal to 6 m
Part 3: Boats of hull length less than 6 m
Annexes A, B, C, D, E, F and G form a normative part of this part of ISO 12217. Annexes H and I are for
information only.
iv © ISO 2002 – All rights reserved
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ISO 12217-1:2002(E)
Introduction
This part of ISO 12217 enables the determination of the limiting environmental conditions for which an individual
boat has been designed.
© ISO 2002 – All rights reserved v
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12217-1:2002(E)
Small craft — Stability and buoyancy assessment and
categorization —
Part 1:
Non-sailing boats of hull length greater than or equal to 6 m
CAUTION — Compliance with this part of ISO 12217 does not guarantee total safety or total freedom of risk
from capsize or sinking.
1 Scope
This part of ISO 12217 specifies methods for evaluating the stability and buoyancy of intact (i.e. undamaged)
boats. The flotation characteristics of boats vulnerable to swamping are also encompassed.
The evaluation of stability and buoyancy properties using this part of ISO 12217 will enable the boat to be assigned
to a design category (A, B, C or D) appropriate to its design and maximum total load.
This part of ISO 12217 is principally applicable to boats propelled by human or mechanical power of 6 m up to and
including 24 m hull length. However, it may also be applied to boats of under 6 m if they do not attain the desired
design category specified in ISO 12217-3 and they are decked and have quick-draining recesses which comply
with ISO 11812.
This part of ISO 12217 excludes
inflatable and rigid-inflatable boats up to 8 m covered by ISO 6185,
canoes, kayaks or other boats with a beam of less than 1,1 m,
hydrofoils and hovercraft when operating in the dynamically supported mode, and
submersibles.
It does not include or evaluate the effects on stability of towing, fishing, dredging or lifting operations, which should
be separately considered if appropriate.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
this part of ISO 12217. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications
do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 12217 are encouraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated
references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain
registers of currently valid International Standards.
ISO 2896:2001, Rigid cellular plastics — Determination of water absorption
© ISO 2002 – All rights reserved 1
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ISO 12217-1:2002(E)
1)
ISO 8666:— , Small craft — Principal data
ISO 9093-1:1994, Small craft — Seacocks and through-hull fittings — Part 1: Metallic
1)
ISO 9093-2:— , Small craft — Seacocks and through-hull fittings — Part 2: Non-metallic
1)
ISO 9094-1: — , Small craft — Fire protection — Part 1: Craft with a hull length of up to and including 15 m
1)
ISO 9094-2:— , Small craft — Fire protection — Part 2: Craft with a hull length of over 15 m
2)
ISO 10240:1995 , Small craft — Owner’s manual
ISO 11812:2001, Small craft — Watertight cockpits and quick-draining cockpits
1)
ISO 12216:— , Small craft — Windows, portlights, hatches, deadlights and doors — Strength and tightness
requirements
ISO 14946:2001, Small craft — Maximum load capacity
IMO Resolution MSC.81(70), Revised Recommendation on Testing of Life-Saving Appliances
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this part of ISO 12217, the following terms and definitions apply. The meanings of certain
symbols used in the definitions are given in clause 4.
3.1 Primary
3.1.1
design category
description of the sea and wind conditions for which a boat is assessed to be suitable by this part of ISO 12217
NOTE See also 7.2.
3.1.2
non-sailing boat
23
boat for which the primary means of propulsion is other than by wind power, having Am< 0,07
( )
S LDC
3.1.3
recess
any volume open to the sky that may retain water
EXAMPLES Cockpits, wells, open volumes or areas bounded by bulwarks or coamings.
NOTE Cabins, shelters or lockers provided with closures according to the requirements of ISO 12216 are not recesses.
3.1.4
quick-draining recess
recess fulfilling all the requirements of ISO 11812 for “quick-draining cockpits and recesses”
NOTE According to its characteristics, a cockpit may be considered to be quick-draining for one design category, but maybe
not for a higher one.
1) To be published.
2) Undergoing revision.
2 © ISO 2002 – All rights reserved
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ISO 12217-1:2002(E)
3.1.5
watertight recess
recess fulfilling all the requirements of ISO 11812 for “watertight cockpits and recesses”
NOTE This term only implies requirements in respect of watertightness and sill heights, but not those for drainage.
3.1.6
fully decked boat
boat in which the horizontal projection of the sheerline area comprises any combination of
watertight deck and superstructure, and/or
quick-draining recesses complying with ISO 11812, and/or
watertight recesses complying with ISO 11812 with a combined volume of less than L B F /40,
H H M
all closing appliances being watertight in accordance with ISO 12216.
NOTE The plan area of recesses permitted for boats of design category A or B is restricted by the requirements of 6.3.1.
3.1.7
partially decked boat
boat in which at least two-thirds of the horizontal projection of the sheerline area is equipped with decking, cabins,
shelters or rigid covers which are watertight according to ISO 12216 and designed to shed water overboard, in
which area all that within L /3 from the bow and also the area 100 mm inboard from the periphery of the boat are
H
included.
NOTE Outboard engine wells are considered to provide a covering suitable for this purpose.
3.2 Downflooding
3.2.1
downflooding opening
any opening (including the edge of a recess) that may admit water into the interior or bilge of a boat, or a recess,
apart from those excluded in 6.1.1.1
3.2.2
downflooding angle
f
D
angle of heel at which the downflooding openings described in 6.1.1 become immersed, when the boat is in calm
water and in the appropriate loading condition at design trim
NOTE 1 Where openings are not symmetrical about the centreline of the boat, the case resulting in the smallest angle is
used.
NOTE 2 Downflooding angle is expressed in degrees.
3.2.3
downflooding height
h
D
smallest height above the waterline to any downflooding opening, apart from those excluded in 6.1.1.1, when the
boat is upright in calm water and at loaded displacement mass and design trim
NOTE Downflooding height is expressed in metres.
© ISO 2002 – All rights reserved 3
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ISO 12217-1:2002(E)
3.3 Dimensions, areas and angles
3.3.1
length of hull
L
H
length of the hull according to ISO 8666
NOTE Length of hull is expressed in metres.
3.3.2
length waterline
L
WL
waterline length measured in accordance with ISO 8666 when the boat is upright in calm water, in the appropriate
loading condition and at design trim
NOTE 1 For multihull boats, this length relates to that of the longest individual hull.
NOTE 2 Length waterline is expressed in metres.
3.3.3
beam of hull
B
H
maximum beam of the hull according to ISO 8666
NOTE 1 For catamaran and trimaran boats, B shall be measured as the maximum beam across the outer hulls.
H
NOTE 2 Beam of hull is expressed in metres.
3.3.4
beam waterline
B
WL
greatest beam measured according to ISO 8666 at the waterline, which for multihull boats is the sum of the
maximum waterline beams of all hulls, the boat being upright, in the appropriate loading condition and at design
trim
NOTE Beam waterline is expressed in metres.
3.3.5
freeboard amidships
F
M
distance of the sheerline or deck above the waterline at L /2 according to ISO 8666, the boat being upright, in the
H
appropriate loading condition and at design trim
NOTE Freeboard amidships is expressed in metres.
3.3.6
draught of the canoe body
T
C
draught of the main buoyant part of the hull(s) below the waterline, as defined in ISO 8666, the boat being upright
in the appropriate loading condition and at design trim
NOTE Draught of canoe body is expressed in metres.
3.3.7
windage area
A
LV
projected profile area of hull, superstructures, deckhouses and spars above the waterline at the appropriate loading
condition, the boat being upright
4 © ISO 2002 – All rights reserved
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ISO 12217-1:2002(E)
NOTE 1 Canopies and screens that are likely to be erected when underway in bad weather are included, e.g. cockpit
dodgers, pram hoods.
NOTE 2 Windage area is expressed in square metres.
3.3.8
angle of vanishing stability
f
V
angle of heel nearest the upright (other than upright) in the appropriate loading condition at which the transverse
stability righting moment is zero; determined assuming that there is no offset load, and that all potential
downflooding openings are assumed to be watertight
NOTE 1 Where a boat has recesses which are not quick-draining, f is to be taken as the downflooding angle to these
V
recesses, unless such recesses are fully accounted for in determining f .
V
NOTE 2 Angle of vanishing stability is expressed in degrees.
3.4 Condition, mass and volume
3.4.1
light craft condition
boat equipped as the light craft mass according to ISO 8666 with the following added as appropriate:
a) where provision is made for propulsion by outboard engine(s) of more than 3 kW, the heaviest engine(s)
recommended for the boat by the manufacturer, mounted in the working position(s);
b) where batteries are fitted, they shall be mounted in the position intended by the builder;
c) mast(s), boom(s), and other spar(s) on board and rigged in the stowed position ready for use, but not set; all
standing and running rigging in place;
d) any sails supplied by the builder, onboard and rigged ready for use, but not hoisted, e.g. mainsail on boom,
roller furling sails furled, hanked foresails on stay stowed on foredeck.
NOTE In item b), the mass allowed for outboard engine batteries shall not be less than that given in column 3 of
Tables E.1 and E.2. If there is no specific stowage provided for batteries, the mass of one battery for each engine over 7 kW
shall be allowed for, and located within 1,0 m of the engine location.
3.4.2
maximum total load
m
MTL
maximum load which the boat is designed to carry in addition to the light craft condition, comprising the
manufacturer’s maximum recommended load as defined in ISO 14946, including all liquids (e.g. fuel, oils, fresh
water, water in ballast or bait tanks and live wells) to the maximum capacity of fixed or portable tanks
NOTE Maximum total load is expressed in kilograms.
3.4.3
loaded displacement condition
boat in the light craft condition with the maximum total load added so as to produce the design trim, the vertical
distribution of crew mass being that used for the offset load test and described in normative annex B
3.4.4
loaded displacement mass
m
LDC
mass of the boat in the loaded displacement condition
NOTE Loaded displacement mass is expressed in kilograms.
© ISO 2002 – All rights reserved 5
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ISO 12217-1:2002(E)
3.4.5
displacement volume
V
D
volume of displacement of the boat that corresponds to the appropriate loading condition, taking the density of
3
water as 1 025 kg/m
NOTE Displacement volume is expressed in cubic metres.
3.4.6
minimum operating condition
boat equipped as for the light craft condition (3.4.1) with the following added as appropriate:
a) mass to represent the crew, positioned on the centreline near the highest main control position of
75 kg where L u 8 m,
H
150 kg where 8 m < L u 16 m,
H
225 kg where 16 m < L u 24 m;
H
2
b) essential safety equipment with a mass of not less than (L - 2,5) kg;
H
c) non-consumable stores and equipment normally carried on the boat;
d) water ballast in tanks which are symmetrical about the centreline and which are notified, in the owner’s
manual, to be filled whenever the boat is afloat;
e) a liferaft (where appropriate) fitted in the stowage provided.
3.4.7
minimum operating mass
m
MOC
mass of the boat in the minimum operating condition
NOTE Minimum operating mass is expressed in kilograms.
3.5 Other terms and definitions
3.5.1
calculation wind speed
v
W
mean or average steady wind speed to be used for calculations
NOTE Calculation wind speed is expressed in metres per second.
3.5.2
crew
collective description of all persons onboard a boat
3.5.3
crew limit
CL
maximum number of crew (with a mass of 75 kg each) used when assessing the design category
3.5.4
design trim
longitudinal attitude of a boat when upright, with crew, stores and equipment in the positions designated by the
designer or builder
6 © ISO 2002 – All rights reserved
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ISO 12217-1:2002(E)
3.5.5
flotation element
element which provides buoyancy to the boat and thus influences its flotation characteristics
3.5.5.1
air tank
tank made of hull construction material, integral with hull or deck structure
3.5.5.2
air container
container made of stiff material, not integral with the hull or deck structure
3.5.5.3
low density material
material with a
...
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