SIST EN 13384-1:2003+A2:2008
(Main)Chimneys - Thermal and fluid dynamic calculation methods - Part 1: Chimneys serving one appliance
Chimneys - Thermal and fluid dynamic calculation methods - Part 1: Chimneys serving one appliance
This European Standard specifies methods for the calculation of the thermal and fluid dynamic characteristics of chimneys serving one appliance. The methods in this Part of this European Standard are applicable to negative or positive pressure chimneys with wet or dry operating conditions. It is valid for chimneys with heating appliances for fuels subject to the knowledge of the flue gas characteristics which are needed for the calculation. The methods in this Part of this European Standard are applicable to chimneys with one inlet connected with one appliance. The methods in Part 2 of this European Standard are applicable to chimneys with multiple inlets and one inlet with multiple appliances. !Part 3 describes methods for the development of diagrams and tables for chimneys serving one heating appliance."
Abgasanlagen - Wärme- und strömungstechnische Berechnungsverfahren - Teil 1: Abgasanlagen mit einer Feuerstätte
Diese Norm legt wärme- und strömungstechnische Berechnungsverfahren von Abgasanlagen mit einer Feuerstätte fest.
Diese Norm gilt sowohl für Unterdruck- als auch für Überdruckanlagen in feuchter und trockener Betriebsweise. Sie gilt für Abgasanlagen von Feuerstätten mit Brennstoffen, deren Abgaskennwerte, die für die Berechnung benötigt werden, bekannt sind.
Das Berechnungsverfahren dieser Norm gilt für Abgasanlagen mit einem Anschluss für eine Feuerstätte. Das Berechnungsverfahren nach Teil 2 dieser Europäischen Norm gilt dagegen für Abgasanlagen mit mehreren Anschlüssen und für einen Anschluss mit mehreren Feuerstätten. !Teil 3 beschreibt Verfahren zur Entwicklung von Diagrammen und Tabellen für Abgasanlagen mit einer Feuerstätte."
Conduits de fumée - Méthodes de calcul thermo-aéraulique - Partie 1: Conduits de fumée ne desservant qu'un seul appareil
La présente Norme européenne spécifie les méthodes de calcul des caractéristiques thermo-aérauliques des conduits de fumée ne desservant qu'un seul appareil.
Les méthodes données dans la présente partie de cette norme européenne s'appliquent aux conduits de fumée fonctionnant sous pression négative ou positive, en ambiance humide ou sèche, et desservant des appareils de chauffage qui brûlent des combustibles dont on a besoin de connaître les caractéristiques des fumées pour les calculs.
Les méthodes données dans cette partie de la présente Norme européenne s'appliquent aux conduits de fumée équipés d'un seul canal d'admission à un appareil. Les méthodes données dans la partie 2 de la présente Norme européenne concernent les conduits de fumée équipés de plusieurs canaux d'admission ou d'un seul canal d'admission desservant plusieurs appareils. !La partie 3 décrit des méthodes qui permettent de développer des diagrammes et des tableaux pour les conduits de fumée desservant un seul appareil de chauffage."
Dimniki - Računske metode termodinamike in dinamike fluidov - 1. del: Dimniki za eno ogrevalno napravo
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Chimneys - Thermal and fluid dynamic calculation methods - Part 1: Chimneys serving one applianceConduits de fumée - Méthodes de calcul thermo-aéraulique - Partie 1: Conduits de fumée ne desservant qu'un seul appareilAbgasanlagen - Wärme- und strömungstechnische Berechnungsverfahren - Teil 1: Abgasanlagen mit einer Feuerstätte91.060.40Dimniki, jaški, kanaliChimneys, shafts, ductsICS:SIST EN 13384-1:2003+A2:2008en,frTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13384-1:2002+A2:200801-junij-2008SIST EN 13384-1:2003+A2:2008SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 13384-1:2002+A2
April 2008 ICS 91.060.40 Supersedes EN 13384-1:2002 English Version
Chimneys - Thermal and fluid dynamic calculation methods - Part 1: Chimneys serving one appliance
Conduits de fumée - Méthodes de calcul thermo-aéraulique - Partie 1: Conduits de fumée ne desservant qu'un seul appareil
Abgasanlagen - Wärme- und strömungstechnische Berechnungsverfahren - Teil 1: Abgasanlagen mit einer Feuerstätte This European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 October 2002 and includes Corrigendum 1 issued by CEN on 17 December 2003, Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 19 September 2005 and Amendment 2 approved by CEN on 24 February 2008.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels © 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13384-1:2002+A2:2008: E
EN 13384-1:2002+A2:2008 (E) 2 Contents page Foreword.4 1 Scope.5 2 Normative references.5 3 Terms and definitions.5 4 Symbols, terminology and units.9 5 !!!!Calculation method for non-balanced flue chimneys"""".13 5.1 General principles.13 5.2 Pressure requirements.13 5.3 Temperature requirement.15 5.4 Calculation procedure.16 5.5 Flue gas data characterising the heating appliance !!!!deleted text"""".16 5.6 Characteristic data for the calculation.19 5.7 Basic values for the calculation.20 5.8 Determination of the temperatures.24 5.9 Determination of the density of the flue gas and the velocity of the flue gas.28 5.10 Determination of the pressures.28 5.11 ####Minimum draught required at the flue gas inlet into the chimney and maximum allowed draught (PZe and PZemax) and maximum and minimum differential pressure at the flue gas inlet into the chimney (PZOe and PZOemin)$$$$.32 5.12 Calculation of the inner wall temperature at the chimney outlet (Tiob).36 6 Secondary air for negative pressure chimneys.38 6.1 General.38 6.2 Calculation method.38 6.3 Basic values for the calculation of secondary air.38 6.4 Pressures.40 6.5 Temperature requirement with secondary air.43 7 !!!!Calculation method for balanced flue chimneys.43 7.1 General principles.43 7.2 Pressure requirements.44 7.3 Temperature requirements.45 7.4 Calculation procedure.45 7.5 Flue gas data characterizing the heating appliance.45 7.6 Characteristic data for the calculation.45
EN 13384-1:2002+A2:2008 (E) 3 7.7 Basic values for the calculation.46 7.8 Determination of the temperatures.47 7.9 Determination of densities and velocities.67 7.10 Determination of pressures.69 7.11 ####Minimum draught required at the flue gas inlet into the chimney and maximum allowed draught (PZe and PZemax) and maximum and minimum differential pressure at the flue gas inlet into the chimney (PZOe and PZOemin)$$$$.69 7.12 Calculation of the inner wall temperature at the chimney outlet (Tiob).73 8 Consideration of the condensation heat of the flue gas water vapour.73 8.1 General.73 8.2 Onset of condensation.74 8.3 Calculation of the flue gas temperature at the outlet of a chimney segment with condensation (j ≥ NsegK).77 Annex A (informative)
Calculation of thermal resistance.83 Annex B (informative) Tables.84 Annex C (informative)
Chimney outlet with regard to adjacent buildings.100 Annex D (informative)
Limit curves of the classification for the draught regulator.101 Annex E.102 Bibliography.103
EN 13384-1:2002+A2:2008 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 13384-1:2002+A2:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 166, "Chimneys", the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2008 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2008. This document includes Corrigendum 1 issued by CEN on 2003-12-17, Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2005-09-19 and Amendment 2 approved by CEN on 2008-02-24. This document supersedes EN 13384-1:2002. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! "
and # $. The modifications of the related CEN Corrigendum have been implemented at the appropriate places in the text and are indicated by the tags ˜ ™. This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association and supports essential requirements of EU Directives. Annexes A, B, C and D are informative. This European Standard “Chimneys – Thermal and fluid dynamic calculation methods” consists of !three" Parts: - Part 1: Chimneys serving one heating appliance - Part 2: Chimneys with multiple inlets and one inlet with multiple appliances - !Part 3: Methods for the development of diagrams and tables for chimneys serving one heating appliance" According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EN 13384-1:2002+A2:2008 (E) 5
1 Scope This European Standard specifies methods for the calculation of the thermal and fluid dynamic characteristics of chimneys serving one appliance. The methods in this Part of this European Standard are applicable to negative or positive pressure chimneys with wet or dry operating conditions. It is valid for chimneys with heating appliances for fuels subject to the knowledge of the flue gas characteristics which are needed for the calculation. The methods in this Part of this European Standard are applicable to chimneys with one inlet connected with one appliance. The methods in Part 2 of this European Standard are applicable to chimneys with multiple inlets and one inlet with multiple appliances. !Part 3 describes methods for the development of diagrams and tables for chimneys serving one heating appliance."
2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). #EN 1443:2003$, Chimneys - General requirements !EN 1856-1", Chimneys – Requirements for metal chimneys – Part 1: System chimney products EN 1859, Chimneys - Metal chimneys - Test methods EN 13502, Chimneys - Requirements and test methods for clay/ceramic flue terminals #CEN/TR 1749, European scheme for the classification of gas appliances according to the method of evacuation of the combustion products (types)$ 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in #EN 1443:2003$ and the following apply. 3.1 heat output (Q) amount of heat produced by a heating appliance per unit of time 3.1.1 nominal heat output (QN) continuous heat output specified by the manufacturer of the heating appliance related to specified fuels
EN 13384-1:2002+A2:2008 (E) 6 3.1.2 heat output range range of output below the nominal heat output specified by the manufacturer over which the appliance can be used 3.2 heat input (QF) amount of heat in unit time which is supplied to the heating appliance by the fuel based on its net caloric value Hu 3.3 efficiency of the heating appliance (ηηηηW) ratio of the heat output (Q) from the appliance to the heat input (QF ) 3.4 flue gas mass flow (m&) mass of flue gas leaving the heating appliance through the connecting flue pipe per time unit
3.5 effective height of the chimney (H) difference in height between the axis of the flue gas inlet into the chimney and the outlet of the chimney
3.6 effective height of the connecting flue pipe (HV) difference in height between the axis of the flue gas chimney outlet of the heating appliance and the axis of the flue gas inlet into the chimney
In the case of open fire chimneys, HV is the difference in height between the height of the upper frame of the furnace and the axis of the flue gas inlet into the chimney.
3.7 draught positive value of the negative pressure in the flue 3.8 theoretical draught available due to chimney effect (PH) pressure difference caused by the difference in weight between the column of air equal to the effective height outside a chimney and the column of flue gas equal to the effective height inside the chimney
3.9 pressure resistance of the chimney (PR) pressure which is necessary to overcome the resistance of the flue gas mass flow which exists when carrying the flue gases through the chimney 3.10 wind velocity pressure (PL) pressure generated on the chimney due to wind 3.11 ####minimum$$$$ draught at the flue gas inlet into the chimney (PZ) #difference between the minimum theoretical draught and the sum of the maximum pressure resistance of the chimney and the wind velocity pressure$
EN 13384-1:2002+A2:2008 (E) 7 ####3.12 maximum draught at the flue gas inlet into the chimney (PZmax) difference between the maximum theoretical draught and the minimum pressure resistance in the chimney$
3.13 minimum draught for the heating appliance (PW) difference between the static air pressure of the room of installation of the heating appliance and the static pressure of the flue gas at the chimney outlet of the appliance which is necessary to maintain the correct operation of the heating appliance ####3.14 maximum draught for the heating appliance (PWmax) difference between the static air pressure of the room of installation of the heating appliance and the static pressure of the flue gas at the outlet of the appliance which is the maximum allowed to maintain the correct operation of the heating appliance$
3.15 effective pressure resistance of the connecting flue pipe (PFV) static pressure difference between the axis of the inlet of the connecting flue pipe and the axis of the chimney outlet due to the theoretical draught and pressure resistance
3.16 effective pressure resistance of the air supply (PB) difference between the static pressure in the open air and the static air pressure in the room of installation of the heating appliance at the same height
3.17 ####minimum$$$$ draught required at the flue gas inlet into the chimney (PZe) sum of the minimum draught required for the heating appliance and the draught required to overcome the effective pressure resistance of the connecting flue pipe and the effective pressure resistance of the air supply
####3.18 maximum allowed draught at the flue gas inlet into the chimney (PZemax) sum of the maximum draught allowed for the heating appliance and the draught required to overcome the effective pressure resistance of the connecting flue pipe and the effective pressure resistance of the air supply$
3.19 ####maximum$$$$ positive pressure at the flue gas inlet into the chimney (PZO) #sum of the difference of the maximum pressure resistance and the minimum theoretical draught of the chimney and the wind velocity pressure$
EN 13384-1:2002+A2:2008 (E) 8 ####3.20 minimum positive pressure at the flue gas inlet into the chimney (PZOmin) difference of the minimum pressure resistance and the maximum theoretical draught of the chimney$
3.21 maximum differential pressure of the heating appliance (PWO) maximum difference between the static pressure of the flue gas at the chimney outlet of the appliance and the static pressure of the air at the inlet to the heating appliance specified for its correct operation
####3.22 minimum differential pressure of the heating appliance (PWOmin) minimum difference between the static pressure of the flue gas at the outlet of the appliance and the static pressure of the air at the inlet to the heating appliance specified for its correct operation. This can be a negative value.$
3.23 maximum differential pressure at the flue gas inlet into the chimney (PZOe) difference between the maximum differential pressure of the heating appliance and the sum of the effective pressure resistance of the connecting flue pipe and the effective pressure resistance of the air supply 3.24 secondary air ambient air added to the flue gas in addition to the nominal flue gas mass flow
####3.25 minimum differential pressure at the flue gas inlet into the chimney (PZOemin) difference between the minimum differential pressure of the heating appliance and the sum of the effective pressure resistance of the connecting flue pipe and the effective pressure resistance of the air supply$
3.26 secondary air device draught regulator or a draught diverter 3.27 draught regulator component which automatically supplies ambient air to the chimney, the connecting flue pipe or the heating appliance 3.28 draught diverter device, placed in the combustion products passage of the heating appliance, that is intended to maintain the quality of combustion within certain limits and to keep the combustion stable under certain conditions of updraught and downdraught 3.29 temperature limit of the inner wall (Tg) allowed minimum temperature of the inner wall of the chimney outlet
EN 13384-1:2002+A2:2008 (E) 9 !!!!3.30 air-flue gas system system of concentric or non-concentric ducts for transport of combustion air from the open air to the heating appliance and products of combustion from the heating appliance to the open air 3.31 air-supply duct component or components parallel to the chimney (separate or concentric) that conveys combustion air from the outside atmosphere to the inlet of the connecting air supply pipe 3.32 balanced flue chimney chimney where the point of air entry to the air supply duct is adjacent to the point of discharge of combustion products from the flue, the inlet and outlet being so positioned that wind effects are substantially balanced 3.33 chimney segment calculation part of a chimney 3.34 condensate mass flow (Dm&∆) mass of water vapour of the flue gas condensed in the heating appliance, connecting flue pipe or the chimney per time unit 3.35 connecting air supply pipe component or components connecting the air supply duct outlet with the room-sealed heating appliance combustion air inlet 3.36 condensation factor (fK) proportion of the theoretical maximum condensation mass flow usable in the calculation" 4 Symbols, terminology and units The symbols given in this clause can be completed by one or more indices to indicate location or materials if necessary.
EN 13384-1:2002+A2:2008 (E) 10
Table 1 - Symbols, terminology and units Symbol Terminology Unit ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A cross section area
m2 c
specific heat capacity
J/(kg·K) cp specific heat capacity of flue gas J/(kg·K) d thickness of the section
m D diameter
m Dh hydraulic diameter
m H effective height of the chimney
m k coefficient for heat transmission
W/(m2.K) K coefficient of cooling --
L length
m
&m flue gas mass flow
kg/s Nu Nusselt number
-- p static pressure
Pa pL external air pressure
Pa PB pressure resistance of the air supply for a flue gas mass flow Pa PE pressure resistance due to friction and form resistance
of the chimney
Pa PFV effective pressure resistance of the connecting flue pipe Pa PG difference in pressure caused by change of
velocity of flue gas in the chimney
Pa PH theoretical draught available due to chimney effect Pa PHV theoretical draught available due to chimney effect of
the connecting flue pipe Pa PL wind velocity pressure Pa
PNL draught required for secondary air devices Pa PR pressure resistance of the chimney
Pa PRV pressure resistance of the connecting flue pipe Pa PW minimum draught for the heating appliance
Pa #PWmax maximum draught for the heating appliance Pa$ PWO maximum differential pressure of the heating appliance Pa #PWOmin minimum differential pressure of the heating appliance Pa$ PZ #minimum$ draught at the flue gas inlet into the chimney Pa #PZmax maximum draught at the flue gas inlet into the chimney Pa$ PZe #minimum$ draught required at the flue gas inlet into the chimney Pa #PZemax maximum allowed draught at the flue gas inlet into the chimney Pa$ PZO #maximum$ positive pressure at the flue gas inlet into the chimney
Pa #PZOmin minimum positive pressure at the flue gas inlet into the chimney Pa$
EN 13384-1:2002+A2:2008 (E) 11 Table 1 (continued) Symbol Terminology Unit -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PZOe maximum differential pressure at the flue gas inlet into the chimney Pa #PZOemin minimum differential pressure at the flue gas inlet into the chimney Pa$ Pr Prandtl number
-- Q heat output
kW !qC
heat transfer from the flue to the outer surface
K" QF heat input
kW QN nominal heat output
kW r mean value of roughness of the inner wall m R gas constant of the flue gas J/(kg·K) RL gas constant of the air J/(kg·K) Re Reynolds number
-- s cross section
m SE flow safety coefficient
-- SH correction factor for temperature instability -- t temperature
°C
T temperature, absolute
K Tg temperature limit K Tio inner wall temperature at chimney outlet K Tiob inner wall temperature at the chimney outlet at temperature
equilibrium K TL external air temperature K Tm mean temperature of the flue gas K Tp water dew point K Tsp condensing temperature K Tu ambient air temperature K Tub ambient air temperature of the boiler room K Tuh ambient air temperature for heated areas K Tuo ambient air temperature at the chimney outlet K Tul ambient air temperature for areas external to the building K Tuu ambient air temperature for unheated areas inside the house K TW flue gas temperature of the appliance K TWN flue gas temperature of the appliance at nominal heat output K TWmin flue gas temperature of the appliance at the lowest possible heat output
K U
internal chimney segment parameter m w mean velocity within a cross section m/s wm mean velocity over a defined length m/s y form value
-- z height above sea level m α coefficient of heat transfer W/(m2·K) β ratio of the combustion air mass flow to the
flue gas mass flow
-- γ angle between flow directions
° δ wall thickness m
EN 13384-1:2002+A2:2008 (E) 12
Table 1 (concluded) Symbol Terminology Unit ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ζ coefficient of flow resistance due to a directional and/or
cross sectional and/or mass flow change in the flue - η dynamic viscosity
N⋅s/m2 ηW efficiency of the heating appliance
-- ηWN efficiency of the heating appliance at nominal heat output -- λ coefficient of thermal conductivity
W/(m·K) ρ density
kg/m3 ρL density of the external air ρm mean density of flue gas averaged over a defined length and over the cross kg/m3
section σ (CO2) volume-concentration of CO2
% σ (H2O) volume-concentration of H2O (vapour)
% !1Rad
black body radiation number W/(m2·K4)" ψ coefficient of flow resistance due to friction of the flue -- 1Λ thermal resistance
m2·K/W
Table 2 - Additional subscripts Subscript Terminology
Unit ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- a outside
-- A flue gas
-- b equilibrium temperature condition
-- B combustion air
-- e entrance
-- G change in velocity
-- i inside
-- L open air (outside)
-- m mean value
-- M mixture
-- n counting index
-- N nominal value -- NL secondary air
-- o chimney outlet
-- O positive pressure
-- tot totalized over all sections (segments) -- u ambient air
-- V connecting flue pipe -- W heating appliance
-- _____________________________________________________________________________
EN 13384-1:2002+A2:2008 (E) 13 5 !!!!Calculation method for non-balanced flue chimneys"""" 5.1 General principles
#The calculation of inside dimensions (cross section) of negative pressure chimneys is based on the following four criteria: the minimum draught at the flue gas inlet into the chimney shall be equal to or greater than the minimum draught required at the flue gas inlet into the chimney; the minimum draught at the flue gas inlet to the chimney shall be equal to or greater than the effective pressure resistance of the air supply; the maximum draught at the flue gas inlet into the chimney shall be equal to or less than the maximum allowed draught at the flue gas inlet into the chimney; the temperature of the inner wall at the outlet of the chimney shall be equal to or greater than the temperature limit. The calculation of inside dimensions (cross section) of positive pressure is based on the following four criteria:
the maximum positive pressure at the flue gas inlet into the chimney shall be equal or less than the maximum differential pressure at the flue gas inlet into the chimney; the maximum positive pressure in the connecting flue pipe and in the chimney shall not be higher than the excess pressure for which both are designated; the minimum positive pressure at the flue gas inlet into the chimney shall be equal or greater than the minimum differential pressure at the flue gas inlet into the chimney; the temperature of the inner wall at the chimney outlet of the chimney shall be equal to greater than the temperature limit. NOTE The pressure requirements for maximum draught or minimum positive pressure are only required if there is a limit for the maximum draught for the negative pressure heating appliance or a minimum differential pressure of the positive pressure heating appliance.
In order to verify the criteria two sets of external conditions are used: the calculation of the minimum draught and maximum positive pressure is made with conditions for which the capacity of the chimney is minimal (i.e. high outside temperature); and also
the calculation of the maximum draught and minimum positive pressure and of the inner wall temperature with conditions for which the inside temperature of the chimney is minimal (i.e. low outside temperature.$
5.2 Pressure requirements 5.2.1 Negative pressure chimneys The following relationships shall be verified:
PZ = PH - PR - PL ≥ PW + PFV + PB
= PZe in Pa
(1)
EN 13384-1:2002+A2:2008 (E) 14
PZ ≥ PB in Pa (2) #PZmax = PH - PR ≤ PWmax + PFV + PB
= PZemax
in Pa
(2a)$
Where PB
is the effective pressure resistance of air supply (see 5.11.3), in Pa; PFV
is the effective pressure resistance of the connecting flue pipe, in Pa; PH
is the theoretical draught available due to chimney effect, in Pa; PL
is the wind velocity pressure, in Pa; PR
is the pressure resistance of the chimney, in Pa; PW
is the minimum draught for the heating appliance, in Pa; #PWmax is the maximum draught for the heating appliance, in Pa; PZ is the minimum draught at the flue gas inlet into the chimney,
...
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