oSIST prEN 1094-7:2005
(Main)Insulating refractory products - Methods of test for ceramic fibre products
Insulating refractory products - Methods of test for ceramic fibre products
This European Standard specifies methods for determining the thickness, bulk density, resilience, permanent linear change, thermal conductivity, tensile strength and shot content of ceramic fibre products.
It applies to ceramic fibre bulk, blankets, felts, mats, boards, pre-formed shapes and papers, with the exception of products delivered in a wet state.
The application of the individual test methods is given in Table 1, with reference to the type of products.
Feuerfeste Erzeugnisse für Wärmedämmzwecke - Teil 7: Prüfverfahren für Erzeugnisse aus keramischer Faser
Dieses Dokument legt Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Dicke, der Rohdichte, des Rückfederungsvermögens, der bleibenden Längenänderung, der Wärmeleitfähigkeit, der Zugfestigkeit und des Shot Anteiles von Erzeugnissen aus keramischer Faser fest.
Sie gilt für Keramikfaser Wolle, Matten, Filze, Vliese, Platten, Formstücke und Papier; ausgenommen sind Erzeugnisse, die nass angeliefert werden.
Die Anwendung der einzelnen Prüfverfahren ist unter Bezugnahme auf die Erzeugnisarten in Tabelle 1 angegeben.
Produits réfractaires isolants - Partie 7 : Méthodes d'essai pour les produits en fibres céramiques
Toplotnoizolacijski ognjevzdržni izdelki - 7. del: Metode preskušanja izdelkov iz keramičnih vlaken
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI oSIST prEN 1094-7:2005
PREDSTANDARD
maj 2005
Toplotnoizolacijski ognjevzdržni izdelki - 7. del: Metode preskušanja izdelkov
iz keramičnih vlaken
Insulating refractory products - Part 7: Methods of test for ceramic fibre products
ICS 81.080 Referenčna številka
oSIST prEN 1094-7:2005(en)
© Standard je založil in izdal Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje ali kopiranje celote ali delov tega dokumenta ni dovoljeno
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EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN 1094-7
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
February 2005
ICS Will supersede ENV 1094-7:1993
English version
Insulating refractory products - Methods of test for ceramic fibre
products
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 187.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 1094-7:2005: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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prEN 1094-7:2005 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword.3
1 Scope .4
2 Normative references .4
3 Preparation of test pieces.4
4 Determination of the thickness .5
5 Determination of the bulk density.6
6 Determination of resilience.7
7 Determination of the permanent linear change on heating.9
8 Determination of thermal conductivity.11
9 Determination of the tensile strength.15
10 Determination of shot content.16
11 Test reports .19
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prEN 1094-7:2005 (E)
Foreword
This document (prEN 1094-7:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 187 “Refractory
products and materials”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede ENV 1094-7:1993.
EN 1094 Insulating refractory products consists of the following Parts:
Part 1: Terminology for ceramic fibre products
Part 2: Classification of shaped products
Part 3: Classification of ceramic fibre products
Part 4: Determination of bulk density and true porosity of shaped products
Part 5: Determination of cold crushing strength of shaped products
Part 6: Determination of permanent change in dimensions on heating of shaped products
Part 7: Methods of test for ceramic fibre products (ENV)
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prEN 1094-7:2005 (E)
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies methods for determining the thickness, bulk density, resilience, permanent
linear change, thermal conductivity, tensile strength and shot content of ceramic fibre products.
It applies to ceramic fibre bulk, blankets, felts, mats, boards, pre-formed shapes and papers, with the
exception of products delivered in a wet state.
The application of the individual test methods is given in Table 1, with reference to the type of products.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 1094-1 Insulating refractory products — Terminology for ceramic fibre products
EN 10002-2 Metallic materials — Tensile testing — Part 2 : Verification of the force measuring system of the
tensile testing machine
ISO 565 : 1990 Test sieves : Woven metal wire cloth perforated plate, and electroformed sheets, nominal
sizes of apertures
3 Preparation of test pieces
The number of items to be tested shall be determined by agreement between the parties. The number of test
pieces per item shall be determined in accordance with Table 1.
When the material to be tested is wound, any compressed material at the extreme ends shall be excluded. A
strip shall be cut perpendicular to the length across the full material width, of sufficient size for the different
tests planned.
From the strip, cut the required number of test pieces of required dimensions, using a template, a sharp knife,
a saw, or other method which will not damage the sample. Avoid excess pressure as this may crush the fibre.
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prEN 1094-7:2005 (E)
Table 1 — Summary of test methods and designations, applicability to product types and
number of test pieces per item required
Clause Test Material Number of
test pieces
4 Thickness: Blanket, Felt, Mat, 3
Board
725 Pa method or 350 Pa method
50 kPa method Paper 3
5 Bulk density Blanket, Felt, Mat, 3
Board, Paper
6 Resilience Blanket, Felt, Mat 3
7 Permanent linear change on heating by Blanket, Felt, Mat, 3
the: Board, Paper, Pre-
formed shapes
Slow heat method
or the
Hot furnace method
8 Thermal conductivity: Blanket, Felt, Mat, 1
Board, Paper, Pre-
Calorimetric method up to hot face
formed shapes
temperature of 1300 °C
9
Tensile strength Blanket, Felt, Paper 5
10 Shot content Bulk fibre, Blanket, 3
Felt, Mat, Board, Paper
4 Determination of the thickness
4.1 Principle
Determination of the thickness of a product subjected to a compressive stress which depends on its nominal
bulk density. There are two methods, of which the dial gauge comparator method (4.3.1) is the referee method
and is the only method applicable to ceramic fibre paper.
4.2 Test piece dimensions:
The size of the test piece shall be such that the disc entirely rests on it, and shall be at least 100 mm x
100 mm.
4.3 Methods
4.3.1 The dial gauge comparator method
4.3.1.1 Apparatus
The apparatus consists of a machined reference plate, a dial gauge comparator and its base and a metallic
disc, 75 mm in diameter. The apparatus is capable of applying a 350 Pa ± 7 Pa compressive stress to
3
products with a nominal bulk density less than 96 kg/m and a 725 Pa ± 15 Pa compressive stress to products
3
with a nominal bulk density equal to or higher than 96 kg/m . For ceramic fibre papers, the measurement shall
be carried out under a compressive stress of 50 kPa ± 1 kPa with a disc of 12,5 mm in diameter.
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prEN 1094-7:2005 (E)
4.3.1.2 Procedure
Put the test piece on the reference plate and let the disc rest on the product, care being taken not to induce
parasitic pressure. Measure the thickness at the disc centre with respect to the reference plate and to an
accuracy of ± 0,1 mm.
4.3.2 The needle method
4.3.2.1 Apparatus, consisting of a machined reference plate, and a measuring device made up of a needle
150 mm ± 1 mm in length and 3 mm in diameter, and a metallic disc 75 mm in diameter which slides along the
needle and is capable of being secured in position, with a dial gauge comparator and a thickness gauge.
The stress determined by the mass of the disc and of its securing device shall not exceed 350 Pa ± 7 Pa for
3
products with a nominal bulk density less than 96 kg/m and 725 Pa ± 15 Pa for products with a nominal bulk
3
density equal to or higher than 96 kg/m .
4.3.2.2 Procedure
Put the product to be measured on the reference plate, punch it with the needle and remove the needle. For
the measurement, bring back the needle point in contact with the reference plate and lower the disc on to the
surface of the product, care being taken not to induce parasitic pressure. Secure the disc in position, remove
the whole device and measure the distance between the needle point and the disc to an accuracy of ± 0,1 mm.
4.4 Test report
Report the data required by clause 11, the dimensions of each test piece, the individual values for each test
piece and the mean value for each item.
5 Determination of the bulk density
5.1 Principle
Determination of the bulk density by calculation of the ratio between the mass of the product and its volume
geometrically determined, thickness having been first determined in accordance with clause 4.
5.2 Apparatus
5.2.1 Thickness measurement device, as in 4.3.1 or 4.3.2:
5.2.2 Steel rule, reading to 0,5 mm, possibly with a square angle at the readings origin, or alternatively,
callipers;
5.2.3 Ventilated oven at (110 ± 5) °C;
5.2.4 Balance, of 2 kg capacity, capable of measuring to the nearest ± 0,1 g.
5.3 Test pieces
The dimensions of the test pieces shall be in accordance with 4.2.
Dry the test pieces at (110 ± 5) °C to constant mass. Constant mass can be considered as achieved when the
mass variation between two weighings carried out within a one hour interval does not exceed 0,1%.
Reject any test piece where the loss of mass exceeds 5 % after drying.
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prEN 1094-7:2005 (E)
5.4 Procedure
Measure the two other dimensions of the test piece with the steel rule or the callipers to the nearest 0,5 mm,
and calculate its area, the thickness being determined in accordance with clause 4.
Carry out the measurements along the middle of each face of the test piece. Carry out the weighings to the
nearest 0,1 g.
5.5 Expression of results
3
Calculate the bulk volume V of the test piece, in m , using the equation:
b
V = S⋅t
b
where
2
S is the area of the test piece in m ;
t is the thickness of the test piece in m.
3
Calculate the bulk density, ρ, of the test piece, in kg/m , using the equation:
m
ρ =
V
b
where
m is the dry mass in kg, determined in 5.4;
3
V is the bulk volume in m .
b
5.6 Test report
Report the data required by clause 11, the mass and dimensions of each test piece, reference to the method
for thickness, and the individual values for each test piece and a mean for each item.
6 Determination of resilience
6.1 Definition
Resilience is the ability of ceramic fibres to spring back after compression to 50 % of thickness. It is the ratio
of the thickness of a product after the application and relaxation of a compressive force which reduces the
original thickness to 50 % of its original value, to its original thickness.
6.2 Principle
Calculation of the ratio, expressed in %, of the thickness of a product to its initial thickness, after application of
a compressive stress sufficient to reduce the initial thickness to 50 % for a given time.
6.3 Apparatus, consisting of the following
6.3.1 Thickness gauge
6.3.2 Compression testing machine, capable of applying the compressive stress at a given rate and
provided with means for measuring the test piece deformation.
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prEN 1094-7:2005 (E)
6.3.2 Balance, capable of measuring to the nearest ± 0,1 g.
6.3.3 Ventilated oven, set at (110 ± 5) °C.
6.4 Test pieces
6.4.1 Dimensions
Cut out test pieces of dimensions 100 mm x 100 mm x (nominal thickness). Do not compress the test pieces
when cutting out.
6.4.2 Drying
See 5.3.
6.5 Procedure
Determine the thickness in accordance with clause 4. Set the compression testing machine to give a constant
deformation rate of 2 mm/min.
Place the test piece in the compression tester and compress at the given rate until the test piece thickness
has been reduced by 50 %.
NOTE If a record of compressive stress versus thickness is required, record the compressive stress at regular %
reductions of the original thickness.
Keep the test piece at 50 % of its initial thickness for 5 min and then remove the majority of the pressure
applied by the testing machine but just maintaining a nominal pressure, of either 350 Pa for products with a
3 3
bulk density less than 96 kg/m or 725 Pa for products with a bulk density equal to or higher than 96 kg/rn .
After 5 min, determine the thickness in accordance with clause 4.
NOTE Other values for reduction of the thickness may be chosen by agreement between the parties, using the same
procedure.
6.6 Expression of the results
Calculate resilience, R, in %, using the equation:
t
t
R = ×100
t
i
where
t is the thickness after testing;
t
t is the initial thickness
i
Calculate the permanent deformation, D , in %, using the equation:
p
t
t
D = 100×1−
p
t
i
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prEN 1094-7:2005 (E)
6.7 Test report
Report the data required by clause 11, the dimensions of the test pieces and the thickness method, also any
value for reduction of the thickness, if different from 50 %, individual values of permanent
deformation/resilience, and the mean values of permanent deformation/resilience.
7 Determination of the permanent linear change on heating
7.1 Principle
Determination of the permanent linear change of the dimensions of test pieces held at a prescribed
temperature and for a prescribed time interval. The permanent linear change is expressed as the ratio of the
difference between the initial dimension and the dimension after testing measured between platinum wire
markers inserted into the test piece surface on the initial dimension.
7.2 Apparatus
7.2.1 Furnace
Electric furnace, the homogeneity of which shall be such as not to allow the temperature difference between
any two points of the furnace to exceed 10 K. The dimensions of the furnace shall be such as to ensure that
test pieces are at least 50 mm away from heating elements and that the test piece and the thermocouple
junction are 10 mm to 20 mm apart.
7.2.2 Measuring devices
Measurements shall preferably be by means of an optical method; however callipers are permissible (see
7.4.2).
7.2.3 Thermocouples
A minimum of three thermocouples to measure the temperature and temperature distribution over the space
occupied by the test pieces.
7.3 Test pieces
7.3.1 Dimensions
The dimensions of the test pieces shall be 100 mm x 100 mm x (nominal thickness), care being taken to
record the direction of rolling of the product.
7.3.2 Drying
See 5.3.
7.4 Procedure
7.4.1 Test-piece preparation
On the diagonals of the upper 100 mm x 100 mm surface of each test piece, and 10 mm to 15 mm away from
the edges, insert four platinum wire markers so as they are approximately 75 mm apart.
These markers shall be 0,5 mm in diameter, their length being such as to leave 1 mm or 2 mm protruding
above the surface when they are inserted at a depth corresponding to at least 3/4 of the test piece thickness.
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prEN 1094-7:2005 (E)
For calculation, take into account the distance (approximately 75 mm) between two markers, measured
parallel to the edge of the test piece.
NOTE For preformed shapes, platinum wire markers may be replaced by painted marks.
Test pieces shall be placed on the surface 100 mm x (actual thickness).
7.4.2 Accuracy of measurements
The optical measurement shall be accurate to ± 0,05 nun. Measurement with callipers shall be accurate to
± 0,1 mm. The means of measurement shall be reported in the test report, with the optical measurement used
as the referee method.
7.4.3 Heating
7.4.3.1 Placing of test pieces
Place each test piece on a plinth cut from the same material, each plinth being used for one test only. For
easier handling, place the plinth on a shaped refractory support 10 mm to 15 mm in thickness.
Place test pieces in the kiln so that:
a) they are at least 50 mm apart;
b) they are at least 50 mm away from the heating elements.
7.4.3.2 Temperature measurement and distribution
Measure the temperature with at least three thermocouples. Place the thermocouple junctions at 10 mm to
20 mm over the upper surface of the test pieces. For the hot furnace
...
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