SIST EN 14390:2007
(Main)Fire test - Large-scale room reference test for surface products
Fire test - Large-scale room reference test for surface products
This European Standard specifies a test method to evaluate the reaction to fire performance of building products. A fire is simulated which under well-ventilated conditions starts in a corner of a small room with a single open doorway.
The method is intended to evaluate the contribution of a surface product to fire growth in a room configuration, using a specified ignition source. It constitutes a reference test for this type of product within the European classification system for reaction to fire performance of construction products.
The method is particularly suitable for construction products which cannot be tested in their end use application in a small or intermediate laboratory scale. The method can also be used to assess the effect of an insulating substrate on the product performance.
A test performed in accordance with the method specified in this European Standard provides data for the early stages of a fire from ignition up to flashover.
The method is not intended to evaluate floor coverings. It may not be suitable for some free-standing products because their integrity, when exposed to fire, could have a decisive influence on their behaviour.
NOTE The term “surface product” as used in the title and scope of this European Standard specifically relates to internal surface linings, assemblies, pipes and pipe insulation products used in buildings.
Brandverhalten von Bauprodukten - Referenzversuch im Realmaßstab an Oberflächenprodukten in einem Raum
Diese Europäische Norm legt ein Prüfverfahren fest, um das Brandverhalten von Bauprodukten zu beurteilen. Es wird eine Situation simuliert, bei der sich in einem gut belüfteten kleinen Raum mit einer Durchgangs¬öffnung in einer Ecke ein Feuer entwickelt.
Die Aufgabe dieses Prüfverfahrens besteht darin, den Beitrag zur Brandentwicklung eines Oberflächen¬pro¬duktes in einer Raumkonstellation bei Einwirkung einer festgelegten Zündquelle zu beurteilen. Das Verfahren bildet eine Referenzprüfung für diese Produktart innerhalb des europäischen Klassifizierungssystems für das Brandverhalten von Bauprodukten.
Dieses Prüfverfahren ist besonders für Bauprodukte geeignet, die nicht in ihrer praktischen Anwendung in einem klein- oder mittelskaligen Versuch geprüft werden können. Mit dem Prüfverfahren kann außerdem der Einfluss einer wärmedämmenden Hinterlegung auf das Brandverhalten eines Bauproduktes beurteilt werden.
Das Prüfverfahren dieser Europäischen Norm gibt Messwerte vom Beginn eines Brandes durch eine Zünd¬quelle bis hin zum Feuerübersprung.
Das Prüfverfahren dient nicht der Beurteilung von Bodenbelägen. Es kann für einige freistehende Produkte ungeeignet sein, da deren Zusammenhalt im Brandfall einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf ihr Verhalten haben könnte.
ANMERKUNG Der im Titel sowie im Anwendungsbereich dieser Europäische Norm benutzte Begriff Ober¬flächenprodukt bezieht sich auf in Gebäuden benutzte Innenbekleidungen, zusammengefügte Bauteile, Rohre und Rohrdämmstoffe.
Essais au feu - Essai de référence dans une piece a grande échelle pour les produits de surface
La présente Norme européenne prescrit une méthode d’essai permettant d’évaluer la réaction au feu de matériaux de construction. Un feu qui, dans de bonnes conditions de ventilation, se déclare dans le coin d’une petite piece avec une seule porte ouverte, est simulé.
La méthode est censée évaluer la contribution a l’extension du feu d’un produit de surface, dans le cas de l’utilisation d’une source d’allumage spécifiée. Elle représente un essai de référence pour ce type de produits au sein du systeme de classification européen pour la réaction au feu des produits de construction.
La méthode est particulierement appropriée pour les produits de construction qui ne peuvent pas etre essayés dans des conditions de mise en oeuvre finale lors d’un essai de laboratoire a petite échelle ou a échelle intermédiaire. La méthode permet également d’évaluer l’effet d’un substrat isolant sur la performance d’un produit.
Un essai effectué selon la méthode spécifiée dans la présente Norme européenne fournit des données pour les premiers stades d’un feu allant de l’allumage a l’embrasement total.
La méthode n’est pas censée évaluer les revetements de sols. La méthode peut ne pas etre adaptée a certains produits auto-porteurs étant donné que leur intégrité, lorsqu’ils sont exposés au feu, peut avoir une influence décisive sur leur comportement.
NOTE Le terme « produit de surface », tel qu’utilisé dans le titre et l’avant-propos de la présente Norme européenne, fait particulierement référence aux revetements de surface internes, assemblages, tuyaux et produits d’isolation de tuyaux utilisés dans les bâtiments.
Požarni preskus - Referenčni preskus v naravnem merilu za obložne materiale
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Fire test - Large-scale room reference test for surface productsEssais au feu - Essai de référence dans une piece a grande échelle pour les produits de surfaceBrandverhalten von Bauprodukten - Referenzversuch im Realmaßstab an Oberflächenprodukten in einem RaumTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14390:2007SIST EN 14390:2007en;fr;de13.220.50Požarna odpornost gradbenih materialov in elementovFire-resistance of building materials and elementsICS:SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 14390:200701-julij-2007
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 14390January 2007ICS 13.220.50 English VersionFire test - Large-scale room reference test for surface productsEssais au feu - Essai dans une pièce en vraie grandeurpour les produits de surfaceBrandverhalten von Bauprodukten - Referenzversuch imRealmaßstab an Oberflächenprodukten in einem RaumThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 October 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2007 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14390:2007: E
EN 14390:2007 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword.5 Introduction.6 1 Scope.7 2 Normative references.7 3 Terms and definitions.7 4 Principle.8 5 Fire test room.8 5.1 Dimensions.8 5.2 Doorway.9 5.3 Construction material.10 6 Ignition source.10 6.1 General.10 6.2 Location.10 6.3 Gas.10 6.4 Heat output.10 7 Hood and exhaust duct.10 8 Instrumentation in the exhaust duct.11 8.1 General.11 8.2 Volume flow rate.11 8.3 Gas analysis.11 8.3.1 Sampling line.11 8.3.2 Oxygen.11 8.3.3 Carbon dioxide.11 8.4 Optical density.11 8.4.1 General.11 8.4.2 Lamp.11 8.4.3 Lenses.11 8.4.4 Aperture.12 8.4.5 Detector.12 8.4.6 Location.12 9 System performance.13 9.1 Calibration.13 9.2 System response times.13 9.2.1 Procedure.13 9.2.2 Delay times.13 9.2.3 Response times.13 9.3 Precision.14 9.4 Methanol calibration.14 9.4.1 General.14 9.4.2 Container.14 9.4.3 Methanol.14 9.4.4 Procedure.14 9.4.5 Requirements for methanol calibration.15 10 Preparation of test specimens.15 10.1 Test specimen configuration.15 10.2 Boards.15
EN 14390:2007 (E) 3 10.3 Mounting.15 10.4 Substrates.15 10.5 Paints and varnishes.15 10.6 Conditioning.16 11 Testing.16 11.1 Initial conditions.16 11.1.1 Ambient temperature.16 11.1.2 Ambient wind speed.16 11.1.3 Burner.16 11.1.4 Photographs.16 11.2 Procedure.16 11.2.1 Automated recording of data.16 11.2.2 Adjustments of burner and exhaust flow.17 11.2.3 Photographs.17 11.2.4 Observations.17 11.2.5 Termination of test.17 11.2.6 Damage of tested sample.17 11.2.7 Unusual behaviour.17 12 Test report.17 Annex A (normative)
Ignition source.19 Annex B (informative)
Design of exhaust system.20 B.1 General.20 B.2 Hood.20 B.3 Duct.20 B.4 Capacity.20 B.5 Alternative systems.20 Annex C (informative)
Instrumentation in exhaust duct.23 C.1 Volume flow.23 C.1.1 Bi-directional probe.23 C.1.2 Pressure transducer.23 C.1.3 Thermocouple.23 C.2 Sampling line.23 C.2.1 Sampling probe.23 C.2.2 Sampling line.23 C.2.3 Pump.24 C.2.4 Sampling line end.24 C.2.5 Specifications.24 C.3 Combustion gas analysis.24 C.3.1 General.24 C.3.2 Oxygen concentration.24 C.3.3 Carbon dioxide concentration.24 C.4 Optical density.25 C.4.1 General.25 C.4.2 Calibration.25 Annex D (normative)
Calculation.30 D.1 Volume flow.30 D.2 Generated heat effect, calibration and tests process.31 D.2.1 Heat release rate from the ignition source.31 D.2.2 Heat release rate from the product.31 D.2.3 Calculation of total heat release.32 D.2.4 Limitations.33 D.3 Combustion gases.33 D.4 Light obscuration.34 D.4.1 General.34 D.4.2 Calculation of SPRsmooth.35 D.4.3 Calculation of TSP.35
EN 14390:2007 (E) 4 D.5 Calculation of FIGRARC and SMOGRARC.36 D.5.1 Time to flashover.36 D.5.2 Calculation of FIGRARC, FIre Growth RAte index.36 D.5.3 Calculation of SMOGRARC, SMOke Growth RAte index.37 Annex E (informative)
Calculation examples.38 E.1 General.38 E.2 Example number 1.38 E.3 Example number 2.38 Bibliography.43
EN 14390:2007 (E) 5 Foreword This document (EN 14390:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 127 “Fire safety in buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2007. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EN 14390:2007 (E) 6 Introduction This method is intended to describe the fire behaviour of a product under controlled laboratory conditions. The test method may be used as part of a fire hazard assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a product in a particular end use. WARNING — So that suitable precautions can be taken to safeguard health, the attention of all concerned in fire tests is drawn to the possibility that toxic or harmful gases can be evolved during combustion of test specimens. The test procedures involve high temperatures and combustion processes from ignition to a fully developed room fire. Therefore, hazards can exist for burns, ignition of extraneous objects or clothing. The operators should use protective clothing, helmet, face-shield and equipment for avoiding exposure to toxic gases. Means of extinguishing a fully developed fire should be available.
EN 14390:2007 (E) 7 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a test method to evaluate the reaction to fire performance of building products. A fire is simulated which under well-ventilated conditions starts in a corner of a small room with a single open doorway. The method is intended to evaluate the contribution of a surface product to fire growth in a room configuration, using a specified ignition source. It constitutes a reference test for this type of product within the European classification system for reaction to fire performance of construction products. The method is particularly suitable for construction products which cannot be tested in their end use application in a small or intermediate laboratory scale. The method can also be used to assess the effect of an insulating substrate on the product performance. A test performed in accordance with the method specified in this European Standard provides data for the early stages of a fire from ignition up to flashover. The method is not intended to evaluate floor coverings. It may not be suitable for some free-standing products because their integrity, when exposed to fire, could have a decisive influence on their behaviour. NOTE The term “surface product” as used in the title and scope of this European Standard specifically relates to internal surface linings, assemblies, pipes and pipe insulation products used in buildings. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 13238, Reaction to fire tests for building products — Conditioning procedures and general rules for selection of substrates EN 13501-1:2002, Fire classification of construction products and building elements — Part 1: Classification using test data from reaction to fire tests EN ISO 13943:2000, Fire safety — Vocabulary (ISO 13943:2000) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 13943:2000 and the following apply. 3.1 exposed surface surface of the product subjected to the heating conditions of the test 3.2 material single substance or uniformly dispersed mixture EXAMPLE metal, stone, timber, concrete, mineral fibre or polymers
EN 14390:2007 (E) 8
3.3 product material, composite or assembly about which information is required 3.4 test specimen representative piece of the product which is to be tested together with any substrate or treatment NOTE The test specimen may include an air gap. 3.5 surface product any part of a building that constitutes an exposed surface on the interior walls and/or the ceiling 3.6 flashover point in the fire history when the sum of the rate of heat release from the ignition source and the product reaches 1 000 kW 3.7 FIGRARC FIre Growth RAte growth rate of the fire during a specified time period 3.8 SMOGRARC SMOke Growth RAte growth rate of the production of smoke during a specified time period 3.9 burning droplets continuous occurrence of flaming droplets/particles from the test specimen for at least 10 s or a pool fire formed on the floor 4 Principle The hazard of fire growth is evaluated in a fire test room by the measurement of the rate of heat release of the fire based on calculation of oxygen consumption. See also Annex B. The hazard of reduced visibility is estimated by the measurement of the production of light-obscuring smoke. Phenomena attributed to the fire growth, for example flame spread and emission of burning droplets, are visually documented by photographic and/or video recording. NOTE If further information is required, measurements for example of heat flux to the floor, toxic gas species, the gas temperature in the room and the mass flow in and out the doorway may be performed, see also ISO/TR 9705-2:2001 (Bibliography [2]). 5 Fire test room 5.1 Dimensions The room (see Figure 1) shall consist of four walls at right angles, a floor and a ceiling and shall have the following inner dimensions:
EN 14390:2007 (E) 9 a) length: (3,6 ± 0,05) m; b) width: (2,4 ± 0,05) m; c) height: (2,4 ± 0,05) m. Dimensions in metres
Key 1 front view 2 top view Figure 1 — Fire test room
The room shall be placed indoors in an essentially draught free, heated space, large enough to ensure that there is no influence on the test fire. In order to facilitate the mounting of the instruments and of the ignition source, the test room may be placed so that the floor can be accessed from beneath. 5.2 Doorway There shall be a doorway in the centre of one of the 2,4 m × 2,4 m walls and no other wall, floor or ceiling shall have any openings that allow ventilation. The doorway shall have the following dimensions: a) width: 0,8 m ± 0,02 m; b) height: 2,0 m ± 0,02 m. The distance between the top of the doorway and the ceiling shall be (0,4 ± 0,02) m.
EN 14390:2007 (E) 10 5.3 Construction material The test room shall be constructed of Class A1 material according to EN 13501-1:2002, with a density of (600 ± 200) kg/m3. The minimum thickness of the construction shall be 20 mm. 6 Ignition source 6.1 General The ignition source design is specified in Annex A. The ignition source shall be a propane gas burner having a top surface layer of sand. The construction shall be such that an even gas flow is achieved over the entire opening area. The ignition source is a propane gas burner that consumes relatively large amounts of gas. Attention is therefore drawn to the following warning. All equipment such as tubes, couplings and flowmeters, should be approved for propane. The installations should be performed in accordance with existing regulations. The burner should, for reasons of safety, be equipped with a remote-controlled ignition device, for example a pilot flame or a glow wire. There should be a warning system for leaking gas and a valve for immediate and automatic cut-off of the gas supply in case of extinction of the ignition flame. 6.2 Location The burner shall be placed on the floor in a corner opposite to the doorway wall. The top of the burner shall be 145 mm from the floor level. The burner walls shall be in contact with the test specimen. 6.3 Gas The burner shall be supplied with commercial grade propane of at least 95 % purity. The gas flow to the burner shall be measured with an accuracy of at least ± 3 %.
6.4 Heat output The net heat output shall be 100 kW during the first 10 min after ignition and then shall be increased to 300 kW for a further 10 min. The heat output from the burner shall be controlled within ± 5 % of the prescribed value. 7 Hood and exhaust duct The system for collecting the combustion products shall have sufficient capacity and be designed in such a way that all of the combustion products leaving the fire room through the doorway during a test are collected. The system shall not disturb the fire-induced flow in the doorway. The maximum exhaust capacity shall be at least 3,5 m3/s at normal pressure and a temperature of 25 °C. Exhaust systems based on natural convection shall not be used. NOTE An example of one design of hood and an exhaust duct is given in Annex B.
EN 14390:2007 (E) 11 8 Instrumentation in the exhaust duct 8.1 General This clause specifies minimum requirements for instrumentation in the exhaust duct. Additional information and designs can be found in Annex C. 8.2 Volume flow rate The volume flow rate in the exhaust duct shall be measured to an accuracy of at least ± 5 %. 8.3 Gas analysis 8.3.1 Sampling line The gas samples shall be taken in the exhaust duct at a position where the combustion products are uniformly mixed. The sampling line shall be made from an inert material which will not influence the concentration of the gas species to be analysed (see Annex C). 8.3.2 Oxygen The O2 analyser shall be of the paramagnetic type or equivalent in performance and capable of measuring a range of at least 0 Vol % to 21 Vol % oxygen (VolumeoxygenO2/Volumeair). The uncertainty of measurement shall be ≤ 0,1 Vol % O2 when measured as recommended. The stability of the analyser shall be within 0,01 Vol % O2 over a period of 30 min (measured in accordance with C.3.2). The output from the analyser and also the data acquisition system shall have a resolution of 0,01 Vol % O2 or better. 8.3.3 Carbon dioxide The CO2 analyser shall be of the IR type or equivalent in performance and capable of measuring a range of at least 0 Vol % to 10 Vol % carbon dioxide. The uncertainty of measurement shall be ≤ 0,1 Vol % CO2 up to 5 Vol % CO2 and ≤ 0,2 Vol % CO2 from 5 Vol % to 10 Vol % CO2. The linearity of the analyser shall be 1 % of full scale or better. T
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