SIST-TP CEN/TR 15951:2009
(Main)Pyrotechnic articles - Fireworks, category 4 - Overview of harmonized standards that will be developed by CEN/TC 212/WG 2
Pyrotechnic articles - Fireworks, category 4 - Overview of harmonized standards that will be developed by CEN/TC 212/WG 2
This Technical Report gives an overview of harmonised standards which will be proposed to be developed by CEN/TC 212 WG 2, Category 4 Fireworks. It also gives the interpretation WG 2 experts have made of some terms, definitions and requirements of Directive 2007/23/EC in order to assure future harmonised standards will encompass all varieties of fireworks, which are presently placed on the European market, in a consistent way and take the benefit of all the practical experience and usages of fireworks in the Member States.
Pyrotechnische Gegenstände - Feuerwerkskörper, Kategorie 4 - Überblick über harmonisierte Normen, die von CEN/TC 212/WG 2 erarbeitet werden
Articles pyrotechniques - Artifices de divertissement de catégorie 4 - Vue d'ensemble des normes harmonisées qui seront élaborées par le CEN/TC 212/WG 2
Le présent rapport technique donne une vue d'ensemble des normes harmonisées que le Groupe de Travail n°2 « Artifices de divertissement de catégorie 4 » du comité technique CEN/TC 212 proposera de développer. Il donne également l'interprétation que les experts du Groupe de Travail n°2 ont retenu pour certains termes, définitions et exigences de la Directive 2007/23/CE afin d'assurer que les futures normes harmonisées engloberont tous les types d'artifices de divertissement, qui sont actuellement mis sur le marché européen, d'une manière cohérente et tireront bénéfice de toute l'expérience pratique et des utilisations des artifices de divertissement dans les États membres.
Pirotehnični izdelki - Ognjemeti, kategorija 4 - Pregled harmoniziranih standardov, ki jih pripravlja CEN/TC 212/WG 2
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TP CEN/TR 15951:2009
01-december-2009
3LURWHKQLþQLL]GHONL2JQMHPHWLNDWHJRULMD3UHJOHGKDUPRQL]LUDQLKVWDQGDUGRY
NLMLKSULSUDYOMD&(17&:*
Pyrotechnic articles - Fireworks, category 4 - Overview of harmonized standards that will
be developed by CEN/TC 212/WG 2
Pyrotechnische Gegenstände - Feuerwerkskörper, Kategorie 4 - Überblick über
harmonisierte Normen, die von CEN/TC 212/WG 2 erarbeitet werden
Articles pyrotechniques - Artifices de divertissement de catégorie 4 - Vue d'ensemble
des normes harmonisées qui seront élaborées par le CEN/TC 212/WG 2
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 15951:2009
ICS:
71.100.30 Eksplozivi. Pirotehnika Explosives. Pyrotechnics
SIST-TP CEN/TR 15951:2009 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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TECHNICAL REPORT
CEN/TR 15951
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
October 2009
ICS 71.100.30
English Version
Pyrotechnic articles - Fireworks, category 4 - Overview of
harmonized standards that will be developed by CEN/TC
212/WG 2
Articles pyrotechniques - Artifices de divertissement de Pyrotechnische Gegenstände - Feuerwerkskörper,
catégorie 4 - Vue d'ensemble des normes harmonisées qui Kategorie 4 - Überblick über harmonisierte Normen, die von
seront élaborées par le CEN/TC 212/WG 2 CEN/TC 212/WG 2 erarbeitet werden
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 17 August 2009. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 212.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 15951:2009: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page
Foreword .3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .5
2 Terminology .5
3 Interfaces between CEN/TC 212 Working Groups .8
4 List of C4 Fireworks and definitions .8
5 Parameters to be taken in consideration to meet the essential safety requirements . 11
6 Identification of test methods . 13
7 Labelling . 14
8 Harmonized Standard . 18
9 Projects to be initiated within WG 2 (List and Mandates) . 21
10 Future Work Program (Objectives, Tasks, Time targets) . 22
Annex A (informative) List of Generic Types and definitions . 25
Annex B (informative) List of Subtypes and definitions . 27
Annex C (informative) List of Components and definitions . 32
Annex D (informative) Specific case of "stars" . 35
Annex E (informative) List of Technical Terms . 36
Annex F (informative) Parameters to comply with ESR . 45
Bibliography . 48
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Foreword
This document (CEN/TR 15951:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 212 “Pyrotechnic
articles”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
This document (CEN/TR 15951:2009) has been prepared by Working Group Nr 2 “C4 Fireworks” of Technical
Committee CEN/TC 212 “Pyrotechnic articles”, the convenor and secretary of which are respectively Italian
and French. Experts from ten countries have participated to its elaboration: Belgium, Czech Republic,
Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Romania, Spain, The Netherlands and United Kingdom.
It has been approved by votes of all the members of CEN/TC 212 “Pyrotechnic articles” on August 2009.
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Introduction
rd
Directive 2007/23/EC of May 23 2007 on the placing on the market of pyrotechnic articles, has been
th
published on June 14 2007 in the Official Journal of the European Union. (Ref. Mandate M 416).
In its Annex 1, Directive 2007/23/EC gives the essential safety requirements (ESR) pyrotechnic articles shall
comply with. In order to facilitate the process of demonstrating compliance with these ESR, harmonized
standards for the design, manufacture and testing of pyrotechnic articles must be developed.
CEN has been mandated by the European Commission (EC) to develop these harmonized standards:
Mandate M 416 describes the work that CEN shall perform.
CEN has entrusted coordination of this work to CEN/TC 212 ‘Pyrotechnic articles’ with the following scope:
“Standardization of fireworks, theatrical pyrotechnic articles, pyrotechnic articles for vehicles and other
pyrotechnic articles, particularly from the point of view of their safe use”.
th th
During its meeting in Delft on October 16 and 17 2007, CEN/TC 212 has decided to share the
corresponding work to be done between several Working Groups. Resolutions have been voted to establish
five Working Groups, one of which is Working Group 2 (CEN/TC 212 / WG2) in charge of standardization of
Category 4 Fireworks.
Because no European standards exist at present for Category 4 Fireworks, preliminary work needs to be
performed before a list of standards to be developed by WG2 can be drawn up. It has been accepted by
CEN/TC 212 and proposed to the European Community a one-year period will be allocated to WG2 to prepare
a CEN Technical Report in which its future work program will be described and an overview of the harmonized
standards it will develop will be given including the reasons why WG 2 propose to develop these standards.
th
Five work sessions have taken place, respectively in NEN – Delft – Netherlands on February 6 2008, in BAM
st th
– Berlin – Germany on May 21 2008, in NEN – Delft – Netherlands on September 10 2008, in AFNOR –
th rd
Paris – France on November 12 2008 and in UNI – Milano – Italy on February 3 2009.
The present document is the final draft of the Technical Report for Category 4 Fireworks. It has been written in
close coordination with the other working groups of CEN/TC 212 WG 1 “Fireworks, Categories 1, 2 and 3",
WG 3 “Theatrical Pyrotechnic Articles”, WG 4 “Pyrotechnic articles for vehicles” and WG 5 “Other pyrotechnic
articles”.
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1 Scope
This Technical Report gives an overview of harmonized standards which will be proposed to be developed by
CEN/TC 212 WG 2, Category 4 Fireworks. It also gives the interpretation WG 2 experts have made of some
terms, definitions and requirements of Directive 2007/23/EC in order to assure future harmonized standards
will encompass all varieties of fireworks, which are presently placed on the European market, in a consistent
way and take the benefit of all the practical experience and usages of fireworks in the Member States.
2 Terminology
2.1 Definition of “C4 Fireworks”
Article 3 (a) of Directive 2007/23/EC gives the following definition of “C4 Fireworks”:
“Fireworks which present a high hazard, which are intended for use only by persons with specialist knowledge
(commonly known as fireworks for professional use) and whose noise level is not harmful to human health”
This definition raises the following comments:
Exceptions can be found to this definition, because some “fireworks for professional use” – e.g. lances –
cannot be considered as “presenting a high hazard” or generate a low noise level by themselves (e.g.
less than C1 maximum noise level). But they have been designed for use in combination with other
fireworks articles, mainly Category 4 Fireworks. Then they are only used by persons with specialist
knowledge and never offered to the consumer market. Consequently WG 2 experts consider these
articles belong to category 4.
C1-C2-C3 fireworks articles will no longer be considered as belonging to categories 1, 2 or 3, if they do
not comply with all the requirements of these categories. As soon as a potentially C1, C2 or C3 article
definitively does not meet one of the requirements for C1-C2-C3 Fireworks, it will be categorized as a C4
article.
Nothing in the definition of “pyrotechnic articles” in Directive 2007/23/EC means an article must be a
complete product. Then the case of “incomplete” fireworks articles must also be considered. Such articles
are commonly placed on the market. An example is a “roman candle without fuse”. This article needs
adaptation of a fuse for its ignition and different types of fuse may be used. This operation can be made
by firers at the firing place, but limited to persons with specialized knowledge.
Another example is a “shell without lift charge”. This article can be used in two distinct ways. It can be
placed in the mortar above a separate “bag charge” which will act as a lift charge and will have been
placed first in the mortar – or – this “bag charge” can be fit to it first before placing the assembly in the
mortar.
Such products require “modification or preparation before use”, which appears to be a better wording than
“incomplete”.
Likewise, “components” of fireworks can be considered as “pyrotechnic articles” from the point of view of
Directive 2007/23/EC, as far as they are placed on the market. Such pyrotechnic objects as rocket
motors, drivers, delay fuses, shells to be included in more elaborated shells, etc. are used for the
construction of fireworks. Some of them can have other applications than fireworks manufacturing and
are “other pyrotechnic articles” as defined by Directive 2007/23/EC (See Clause 3 hereafter). The others
– which are only used as components of fireworks – can be identified to “fireworks which are intended to
be part of a more elaborate firework”, then as “C4 Fireworks” to be used by persons with specialist
knowledge in pyrotechnical factories.
NOTE The specific case of “stars” is discussed in 4.1.
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In the English language, “professional use” mainly means “paid at work” and the sentence between
brackets must be considered as informative but not prevailing. The important term is “person with
specialist knowledge”, which implies these persons are not necessarily paid to prepare and fire the
fireworks.
To conclude and to assure their work will be fully exhaustive, WG 2 experts have adopted the following
interpretation of the definition of C4 Fireworks of Directive 2007/23/EC:
“With respect to Article 3 (a) of Directive 2007/23/EC, Category 4 includes (1) fireworks which present a high
hazard or (2) require modification / preparation before use or (3) are intended to be part of a more elaborate
firework or (4) which do not meet all the requirements for C1-C2-C3 Fireworks, and which are intended for use
only by persons with specialist knowledge (commonly known as fireworks for professional use) and whose
noise level is not harmful to human health.”
Resolution TC 212 28/2008 has been approved by CEN/TC 212.
2.2 Other terms
The future C4 fireworks harmonized standard(s) will identify the design parameters and performance
characteristics to be taken in consideration for the corresponding articles to meet the essential safety
requirements of Directive 2007/23/EC. For each design parameter or performance characteristic it (they) will
state requirements and criteria which shall be complied with.
According to the variety of articles usually observed during C4 fireworks shows, it is clearly noticeable these
articles will not have all in common the same design parameters and performance characteristics. However,
collections of articles sharing the same design parameters and performance characteristics exist. Then WG 2
experts have considered it was necessary to identify these collections of C4 fireworks articles and draw up
their list.
The future harmonized standard(s) will state requirements and criteria for each identified homogeneous
collection, which does not mean there may not exist requirements or criteria applicable to several collections
as well as to all the C4 fireworks articles whatever their design or behaviour in normal use.
Word “type” has been proposed to name these collections of articles. But, this word is already used by
Directive 2007/23/EC, in its Annex II, with another meaning. Then, because Directive 2007/23/EC cannot be
modified, its definition of word “type” must be considered as imperative.
This does not exclude the possibility of using the word “type” in another meaning but – in that case – it has
been suggested to add a qualifying term to it, as it is for the expressions “type of use” and “type of pyrotechnic
article” in Directive 2007/23/EC itself. This proposal has been approved by CEN/TC 212 (See Resolution
43/2008).
Therefore, the following terms and definitions will be used hereafter and in the harmonized standard(s) to be
developed by Working Group 2:
Type: sample representative of the production envisaged.
NOTE 1 This definition corresponds to the use of the term ‘type’ in Annex II §2(c) of Directive 2007/23/EC for the
purposes of type-examination.
Generic type: set of articles with a common, very general, design feature and/or with a common
characteristic effect.
Subtype: set of articles within a generic type with specific design features.
Individual item: article within a generic type or subtype for which every possible feature and
characteristic has been fixed.
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NOTE 2 Each feature and characteristic will be specified in the technical name or a technical data sheet, as
appropriate.
Technical name: general description of an individual item.
Trade name: description of an individual item from a particular supplier.
Family: set of individual items that will be considered together for the purposes of testing and approval.
NOTE 3 This last definition is fully compliant with Directive 2007/23/EC which states in “Whereas (18)”: “Groups of
pyrotechnic articles that are similar in design, function or behaviour should be assessed by the notified bodies as product
families”.
The figure hereafter shows how WG 2 experts intend to organize Category 4 Firework articles in “individual
items” (samples of which will be “types”), “families” and “generic types”, starting from the precise design level
to the general design level. Example is given for “shells”.
At the bottom are located the individual items submitted to conformity assessment procedures by the means
of “types”. As shown they are attributed a relatively long name to give information to the users on the typical
calibre and effects (e.g. green ring) of the shell.
In the middle are set up “families” of individual items which may be considered together for the purposes of
testing and certification (samples of which will be groups of the corresponding “types”).
These families exhibit a first level of generalization of the characteristics of individual items and the
corresponding types. For example, their colour and their possible tracing effect are not concerned by the
essential safety requirements of Directive 2007/23/EC. So they can be neglected as far as compliance with
these requirements is concerned and type tests may only be performed on one type and extended by
similarity to others which share the same generalized characteristics.
At the top, a higher level of generalization of the characteristics of types is again possible. For instance, WG2
experts think all types of shells can be put together in a unique collection of groups because they have already
noted that the essential safety requirements of Directive 2007/23/EC will only imply design and performance
requirements which will be common to every type of shells and none at a lower level (e.g. that of a family).
WG2 harmonized standard will only deal with these “generic types”.
Figure 1 – Generic type, family and item
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2.3 Technical terms
A list of technical terms which will possibly be used in setting design or performance requirements in the future
harmonized standard(s) for C4 Fireworks has also been drawn up. Some of these terms which are presently
used in standards developed by WG1 have strictly the same definition.
This list is given in Annex E.
It will be updated as far as it is necessary during the development phase of WG 2 harmonized standard(s).
3 Interfaces between CEN/TC 212 Working Groups
3.1 Interface between WG2 and WG1
Because drafts of WG 1 harmonized standards for “fireworks, categories 1, 2 and 3” already exist, they have
been taken in account by WG 2 as far as it is necessary to prevent from conflicting situations (See Clause 4
hereafter) or useful when parts of these standards can be profitably applied to C4 fireworks (e.g. some test
methods).
Indeed, WG 1 harmonized standards are not considered as prototypes of WG 2 harmonised standard(s). They
will be distinct documents and requirements of WG 2 harmonised standard(s) will be limited to what is strictly
necessary and sufficient from the point of view of their use by persons with specialist knowledge.
3.2. Interface between WG2 and WG3
WG 2 and WG 3 have exchanged their mutual opinions or solutions whenever they share the same questions
or the same problems (e.g. use of high explosives or nitrocellulose with high nitrogen content in C4, T1 or T2
articles – See 5.1 hereafter)
3.3. Interface between WG2 and WG5
Components of firework articles are usually sold by manufacturers to other manufacturers in some European
countries. WG 2 experts have considered “Category 4 firework articles” may include components of fireworks
such as stars, crackers, volcanoes, tourbillions, quick match, black match, cord igniters, fuses or delays…
from the point of view of Directive 2007/23/EC (See 2.1 here above).
WG 2 and WG 5 have met the following agreement:
WG 5 will treat components of fireworks when they are used in other fields than fireworks (for example,
electric igniters, quick match, black match, cord igniters, pressed fuses, stars).
When these components are strictly relevant to the fireworks market, they will enter into the scope of
work of WG2 (for example, crackers, volcanoes, tourbillions).
4 List of C4 Fireworks and definitions
4.1 Preliminary remarks
WG 1 dealing with “fireworks, categories 1, 2 and 3” has already elaborated drafts of harmonised standards
dealing with “Terminology” and “Categorization”. These documents include definitions of some articles which
will never have a C4 version and does not include definitions of articles which only exist as C4 fireworks
(“shells” for instance). However, these documents have been taken in account by WG 2 to assure the same
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definitions are used for the same types of articles by WG 1 and WG 2 as far as there are no justifiable
technical reasons to create differences or additions.
WG 2 experts have met the necessity to create such differences and additions in a number of cases, because:
Some WG1 definitions include requirements which are specific to C1-C2-C3 Fireworks and must not be
imposed to C4 Fireworks as far as they are used by persons with specialized knowledge, e.g. cases of
C1-C2-C3 Fountains must be non metallic and the corresponding WG1 definition states it, but metallic
cases are already used for C4 Fountains and there is no major reason to forbid it.
Requirements for C4 Fireworks do not need to be as precise, specific or numerous as for consumer
fireworks for they will only be used by persons with specialized knowledge. Then several types of firework
may be grouped under a more general type of firework or generic type, which simplifies the way design
and performance requirements will be set in the future harmonized standard(s). WG 2 experts have
decided to proceed to this grouping under some existing names of firework types and have consequently
adapted corresponding definitions.
The final list and definitions of types of C4 Fireworks will be a separate document from WG 1 Consumer
Fireworks Terminology and Categorization standards.
4.2 Criteria used to determine “generic types”
Criteria which have been used to determine “generic types” result directly from definition given here above to
this term (See 2.2). A first list of possible C4 fireworks sharing similar, but general, design features and “space
x time” performance characteristics has been drawn up. By “space x time”, WG 2 experts mean a pyrotechnic
effect or a sequence of pyrotechnic effects spreading progressively in the air during a given time.
Considering this list was exhibiting too many entries (45 distinct C4 fireworks, 14 C1-C2-C3 fireworks and 12
components), WG 2 experts have decided to simplify their approach of “generic types” after having taken
notice that:
the essential safety requirements of Directive 2007/23/EC will only necessitate to determine requirements
on a limited number of design and performance characteristics, as far as C4 fireworks are used by
persons with specialist knowledge allowing them to assure safety of the public and protection of the
environment by application of well mastered rules and instructions resulting from their experience and
training;
as a consequence of this limited number of design and performance characteristics, some possible
generic types can be generalized to encompass other possible generic types which can then be
considered as particular cases of these “generalised” generic types. For example, a “shot tube” is a
“roman candle” the sequence of which is limited to a single shot.
Doing this, WG 2 experts have determined 12 “generalised” firework products which will become the “generic
types” on which will be placed design and performance requirements in the future harmonized standard(s) for
C4 fireworks.
The other 34 remaining firework products will only be particular variants of these “generic types”, consequently
falling under the same design and performance requirements. To keep things clear, WG 2 experts have
chosen to call them “sub types”.
The original list of firework products has then been split into three distinct lists: list of generic types (See 4.3),
list if subtypes (See 4.4) and list of components (See 4.5)
4.3 Generic types: list and definitions
The following 12 generic types have been selected:
Aerial Wheel
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Aqua Firework (or: aquatic firework, nautical firework)
Combination
Components
Fountain
Guided Firework
Mine
Report
Rocket
Roman Candle
Shell
Smoke / Fog Generator
For corresponding definitions, comments and description of principal effects, see Annex A.
4.4 Other types of firework: list, definitions and links to generic types
The following 33 firework products have been considered as subtypes of the previous generic types:
Aqua Shell (or Aquatic Shell, Nautical Shell), Bag Mine (or Mortar Mine), Battery, Bengal Flame, Cake,
Daylight Shell, Flash Banger, Flight Rocket, Gerbs, Ground Maroon, Lance, Lancework, Maroon, Maroon
Shell, Multibreak Shell, Parachute Rocket, Parachute Shell, Peanut Shell, Portfire, Preloaded mortar (or Shell
in mortar), Repeater Shell, Saxon, Set Piece, Shell of shells, Shot tube, Signal Rocket, Strobe, Tourbillion,
Underwater Firework (or Sub aquatic firework), Volcano, Waterfall, Wheel.
For corresponding definitions, links to generic types and description of principal effects, see Annex B.
4.5 Components: list and definitions
The following list is limited to pyrotechnic components which can be placed on the market and exchanged
between industrialists throughout Europe. These components are not only intended for use by fireworks
manufacturers, but can also be used – under given conditions – by persons with specialist knowledge which
will be trained accordingly.
Bombette, Butterfly, Cracker, Fuse (including Delay Fuse), Motor, Serpent, Spinner, Star (including Comet,
Crossette, Flash Pellet, Hummer and Whistle).
This list of components is not exhaustive.
For corresponding definitions, comments and description of principal effects, see Annex C.
For the specific case of “stars”, see Annex D.
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4.6 Specific uses of articles
Special use of C1, C2 and C3 products:
C1, C2 and C3 articles may be used by persons with specialist knowledge in a different way that required and
type-certified as “customer” fireworks. This possibility must be introduced as acceptable in a C4 standard,
provided that the persons with specialist knowledge evaluate the new safety distances corresponding to their
special use of the articles on the basis of performance characteristics to be supplied with the articles (label
and/or “data sheet”).
Dual use:
Some products may have a dual use: outdoor fireworks and indoor / theatrical pyrotechnic articles, without
any modifications or adaptations. In that case, it seems logical to WG 2 experts that they must be type-
certified under the category corresponding to their most restricting use. For example, a T2 article may be
generally used in a fireworks display as a C4 product without being C4 type-certified, but the contrary may not
be possible.
4.7 Recommendations for integration of new items
Lists of generic types and subtypes given in Annexes A and B may not be fully exhaustive and correspond to
the present knowledge of WG 2 experts. New items may be identified during the development phase or after
the publication of C4 fireworks harmonized standard(s).
During the development phase:
Every new item will be compared by WG 2 experts to existing generic types and subtypes in the lists given in
Annex A and Annex B. If it can be considered as a variant of an existing generic type or subtype, it will not be
necessary to add it to these lists. In the opposite case and if it is not specific to one manufacturer or importer,
the new item will lead either to the creation of a new subtype linked to an existing generic type or to the
creation of a new generic type.
If the new item is specific to one manufacturer or importer, it will not be encompassed by the C4 fireworks
harmonized standard(s) in development and its CE type-certification process will be determined by the
Notified Body of one Member State.
After publication of harmonised standards:
If the new item is specific to one manufacturer or importer, its CE type-certification process will be determined
by the Notified Body of one Member State.
Alternatively, the first Notified Body which will identify the new item will compare it to the lists of generic types
and subtypes which will be part of C4 fireworks harmonized standard(s). If it can be considered as a variant of
an existing generic type or subtype, no update of the harmonized standard(s) will be needed. If not, the
Notified Body will propose to the Notified Bodies of the other Member States to ask CEN for a modification of
the harmonized standards. Then the normal CEN process for updating standards will apply.
5 Parameters to be
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
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