oSIST prEN 13155:2014
(Main)Crane - Safety - Non-fixed load lifting attachments
Crane - Safety - Non-fixed load lifting attachments
To revise the standard to include non-fixed lifting attachments used during drilling operations.
Krane - Sicherheit - Lose Lastaufnahmemittel
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Sécurité - Accessoires de levage amovibles
Žerjavi - Varnost - Snemljiva dvigalna sredstva
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2014
Dvigala (žerjavi) - Varnost - Snemljiva dvigalna sredstva
Crane - Safety - Non-fixed load lifting attachments
Krane - Sicherheit - Lose Lastaufnahmemittel
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Sécurité - Accessoires de levage amovibles
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 13155 rev
ICS:
53.020.30 Pribor za dvigalno opremo Accessories for lifting
equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
October 2014
ICS Will supersede EN 13155:2003+A2:2009
English Version
Crane - Safety - Non-fixed load lifting attachments
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Sécurité - Krane - Sicherheit - Lose Lastaufnahmemittel
Accessoires de levage amovibles
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 147.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 13155 rev:2014 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
prEN 13155:2014 (E)
Contents
Page
Foreword .4
Introduction .5
1 Scope .6
2 Normative references .7
3 Terms and definitions .7
4 List of significant hazards . 12
5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures . 19
5.1 General requirements . 19
5.2 Specific requirements for each category of attachment . 20
6 Verification of the safety requirements and/or protective measures . 27
7 Information for use . 37
7.1 Instruction handbook . 37
7.2 Marking . 41
Annex A (normative) General verification methods . 43
A.1 Verification of mechanical strength by calculation. 43
A.2 Verification of mechanical strength on the type by a static test. . 43
A.3 Verification of mechanical strength on each individual attachment by a static test. . 43
A.4 Verification by inspection . 44
Annex B (normative) Verification methods for plate clamps . 45
B.1 No detachment when the load is brought down and in case of impact . 45
B.2 Determination of the friction coefficient . 45
B.3 No slipping of the load - clamping by friction or penetration . 47
B.4 Range of thickness of clamps . 47
B.5 Minimum working load . 48
Annex C (normative) Verification methods for vacuum lifters . 49
C.1 Verification of pressure measuring device . 49
C.2 Verification of leakage indicator . 49
C.3 Verification of visibility of measuring device or indicator . 49
C.4 Verification of devices to compensate for vacuum losses . 50
C.5 Verification of warning device . 50
C.6 Verification of the non-return valve . 50
C.7 Verification of controls . 51
C.8 Verification of energy source failure warning system . 51
C.9 Verification of the position of the load . 51
C.10 Verification of adhesion force by calculation or testing . 51
C.11 Determination of the friction coefficient . 53
Annex D (normative) Verification methods for lifting magnets . 55
D.1 Verification of tear-off force . 55
D.2 Verification of controls . 57
D.3 Verification of back-up and warning devices . 57
D.4 Verification of the discharge time of batteries . 58
D.5 Verification of indicating devices. 58
D.6 Verification of alternative mechanical back-up devices . 58
D.7 Verification that the magnet is matched to the intended load(s) . 59
Annex E (normative) Verification methods for lifting beams . 60
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E.1 Verification of mechanical strength of each individual attachment by static test or live
load test . 60
E.2 Verification of mechanical strength on the type by a static test . 61
E.3 Verification of locking or holding devices by testing . 61
E.4 Verification of the locking or holding by calculation . 62
Annex F (normative) Verification methods for lifting forks . 63
F.1 Verification of mechanical strength of the secondary positive holding device for lifting
forks in horizontal direction . 63
Annex G (normative) Verification methods for clamps . 64
G.1 Determination of the friction coefficient . 64
G.2 No slipping of the load - clamping by friction or penetration . 65
G.3 Verification of mechanical strength of the secondary positive holding device for clamps
in horizontal direction . 66
G.4 Verification of mechanical strength of the secondary positive holding device for clamps
in vertical direction . 66
G.5 Range of thickness of clamps . 67
Annex H (informative) Selection of a suitable set of crane standards for a given application . 68
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC . 69
prEN 13155:2014 (E)
Foreword
This document (prEN 13155:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 147 “Crane - Safety”,
the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 13155:2003+A2:2009.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, B, C or D, which is an integral part of this
document.
The main modifications concern:
General requirement to introduce the reference to EN 13001-1 for the calculation;
Vacuum lifters;
Lifting magnet;
Lifting beams for which the static load vary according to the working load.
prEN 13155:2014 (E)
Introduction
This European Standard has been prepared to be a harmonized standard to provide one means for non-fixed
load lifting attachments used on cranes to conform with the essential health and safety requirements of the
Machinery Directive, as amended.
This European Standard is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards are covered are indicated in the scope of this
standard.
When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the
provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for non-fixed
load lifting attachments which have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C
standard.
prEN 13155:2014 (E)
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies safety requirements for the following non-fixed load lifting attachments for
cranes, hoists and manually controlled load manipulating devices:
plate clamps;
vacuum lifters;
self priming;
non-self priming (pump, venturi, turbine);
electric lifting magnets (battery fed and mains-fed);
permanent lifting magnets;
electro-permanent lifting magnets;
lifting beams;
C-hooks;
lifting forks;
clamps;
as defined in Clause 3.
This standard does not specify the additional requirements for:
non fixed load lifting attachments in direct contact with foodstuffs or pharmaceuticals requiring a high level
of cleanliness for hygiene reasons;
hazards resulting from handling specific hazardous materials (e.g. explosives, hot molten masses,
radiating materials);
hazards caused by operation in an explosive atmosphere;
hazards caused by noise;
electrical hazards;
hazards due to hydraulic and pneumatic components.
For high risk applications not covered by this standard, EN 13001-2 gives guidance to deal with them.
This standard covers the proof of static strength, the elastic stability and the proof of fatigue strength For
attachments designed for less than 16 000 lifting cycles, the proof of fatigue strength is covered by the proof
of static strength (elastic and yielded conditions, see 5.1.1.1)
This standard does not generally cover attachments intended to lift above people. Some attachments are
suitable for that purpose if equipped with additional safety features. In such cases the additional safety
features are specified in the specific requirements.
This standard does not cover slings, ladles, expanding mandrels, buckets, grabs, or grab buckets.
prEN 13155:2014 (E)
The hazards covered by this European Standard are identified in clause 4.
This European Standard does not cover hazards related to the lifting of persons.
This standard is not applicable to non-fixed load lifting attachments for crane, hoists and manually controlled
load manipulating devices which are manufactured before the date this publication as EN
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 349:1993+A1:2008, Safety of machinery — Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body
EN 818-4:1996+A1:2008, Short link chain for lifting purposes — Safety — Part 4: Chain slings — Grade 8
EN 818-5:1999+A1:2008, Short link chain for lifting purposes — Safety — Part 5: Chain slings —Grade 4
EN 842:1996+A1:2008, Safety of machinery — Visual danger signals — General requirements, design and
testing
EN 981:1996+A1:2008, Safety of machinery — System of auditory and visual danger and information signals
EN 1492-1:2000+A1:2009, Textile slings — Safety — Part 1: Flat woven webbing slings, made of man-made
fibres, for general purpose use
EN 1492-2:2000+A1:2009, Textile slings — Safety — Part 2: Roundslings, made of man-made fibres, for
general purpose use
EN 13001-1: 2004+A1:2009, Cranes -— General design. General principles and requirement
EN 13001-2: 2011, Crane — General design. Load actions
EN 13001-3-1: 2012+A1:2013, Crane — General design. Limit States and proof competence of steel structure
EN 13414-1:2003+A2:2008, Steel wire rope slings — Safety — Part 1: Slings for general lifting service
EN ISO 5817:2014, Welding — Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam welding
excluded) - Quality levels for imperfections (ISO 5817)
EN ISO 9606-1:2013, Qualification testing of welders — Fusion welding. Steels (ISO 9606-1)
EN ISO 12100:2010, General principle for design risk assessment and risk reduction (ISO 12100)
EN ISO 13849-1:2008, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems. General principles for
design (ISO 13849-1)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100 and the following apply:
3.1
adhesion force
force required to remove the load from a vacuum lifter
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3.2
building area
area where buildings, bridges, roads etc are being erected or renovated or demolished
Note 1 to entry: In these areas the environment is permanently changing. Any risks are higher than in plants or
warehouses.
3.3
C-hook
equipment in the form of a ‘C’ used for lifting hollow loads e.g. coils, pipes
Figure 1 — Example of a C-hook
3.4
working coefficient
arithmetic ratio between the maximum load which a lifting accessory is able to hold and the maximum working
load marked.
3.5
static test coefficient
arithmetic ratio between the load used to carry out the static tests on a lifting accessory and the maximum
working load.
3.6
clamp
equipment used to handle loads by clamping on a specific part of the load.
Note1 to entry: Clamps are also known as tongs. For definition of plate clamps see 3.14.
Figure 2 — Example of a clamp
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3.7
individual verification
verification carried out on every item produced
3.8
lifting beam
equipment consisting of one or more members equipped with attachment points to facilitate the handling of
loads which require support at several points, this includes load rotating beams.
Figure 3 — Example of a lifting beam
3.9
lifting forks
equipment consisting of two or more arms fixed to an upright with an upper arm, essentially to lift palletised or
similar loads
Figure 4 — Example of lifting forks
3.10
lifting magnet
Figure 5 — Example of a lifting magnet
3.10.1
electric lifting magnet
equipment with a magnetic field generated by an electric current creating sufficient force for gripping, holding
and handling loads with ferro-magnetic properties.
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3.10.2
permanent lifting magnet
equipment with a permanent magnetic field which creates sufficient force for gripping, holding and handling
loads with ferro-magnetic properties. The magnetic field is controlled by mechanical means
3.10.3
electro-permanent lifting magnet
equipment with a permanent magnetic field which creates sufficient force for gripping, holding and handling
loads with ferro-magnetic properties. The magnetic field is controlled by an electric current which is not
required to sustain the magnetic field
Note 1 to entry: Electro-permanent lifting magnets can be energized by the mains or by battery or stand-alone
generator.
3.11
minimum working load
the minimum load that the non-fixed load lifting attachment is designed to lift under the conditions specified by
the manufacturer
3.12
no-go area
area from which persons are excluded during normal operation
3.13
non-fixed load lifting attachment
lifting attachment which can be fitted directly or indirectly to the hook or any other coupling device of a crane,
hoist or manually controlled manipulating device by the user without affecting the integrity of the crane, hoist
or manually controlled manipulating device
3.14
plate clamps
non powered equipment used to handle steel plates by clamping them between jaws.
Figure 6 — Example of plate clamps
3.15
positive holding device
device making a direct mechanical connection to the load and which does not rely solely on friction, suction or
magnetic adhesion to the load
3.16
secondary positive holding device
device to hold loads if the primary holding means fails and which does not rely on friction, suction or magnetic
adhesion to the load
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3.17
tear-off force
force applied at a right angle to the plane of the magnet poles which is required to detach the load from the
switched-on magnet
3.18
two-action control
control which, in order to be operative, requires the performance of two separate actions with one or two
hands, such as:
a) operation of two separate hold-to-run controls;
b) sequential operation of two movements of a control device;
c) previous unlocking of the control with self-locking in the neutral position.
3.19
type verification
verification carried out on one or more samples representative of a particular design and size of product
before it is first placed on the market
3.20
vacuum lifter or suction pad
equipment which includes one or several suction pads operating by vacuum
3.20.1
self priming vacuum lifter
vacuum lifter using the load to create the vacuum
Figure 7 — Example of a self priming vacuum lifter
3.20.2
non self priming vacuum lifter
vacuum lifter using an external source of energy
Figure 8 — Example of a non self priming vacuum lifter
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3.21
working load limit
maximum load that the non-fixed load lifting attachment is designed to lift under the conditions specified by the
manufacturer
4 List of significant hazards
Tables 1 to 7 show a list of significant hazardous situations and hazardous events that could result in risks to
persons during normal use and foreseeable misuse. They also contain the relevant clauses in this standard
that are necessary to reduce or eliminate the risks associated with those hazards.
Table 1 — Plate clamps - List of significant hazards and associated requirements
Hazard Relevant clause(s) in this standard
Mechanical hazards
Generated by machine parts or workpieces caused,
for example, by:
Inadequacy of mechanical strength 5.1.1.1, 5.1.1.2,
Stability 5.1.5, 7.1.1
Crushing hazard 5.1.3, 7.1.1, 7.1.2.1
Shearing hazard 5.1.3, 7.1.1, 7.1.2.1
Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic
principles
Unhealthy postures 5.1.3
Human errors 5.2.1.2
Errors of fitting 5.2.1.4, 5.2.1.6, 7.1.1, 7.1.2.1
Mechanical hazards and hazardous events
From load falls, collisions, machine tipping caused by:
Lack of stability 5.1.5, 7.1.1
Unexpected/unintended movement of loads 5.2.1.1, 5.2.1.2, 5.2.1.3, 5.2.1.4, 5.2.1.5
Inadequate holding devices/accessories 5.2.1.5, 5.2.1.6, 7.1.1, 7.1.2
From insufficient mechanical strength of parts 5.1.1.1
From inadequate selection/integration into the 5.1.4, 5.2.1.7
machine of chains, ropes, lifting accessories
From abnormal conditions of assembly/testing/use 5.2.1.6, 5.2.1.7, 7.1.1, 7.1.2, 7.2
maintenance
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Table 2 — Vacuum lifters - List of significant hazards and associated requirements
Hazard Relevant clause(s) in this standard
Mechanical hazards
Generated by machine parts or workpieces
caused, for example, by:
Inadequacy of mechanical strength 5.1.1.1, 5.1.1.2,
Stability 5.1.5, 7.1.1
The effect of vacuum 5.2.2
Crushing hazard 5.1.3, 7.1.1, 7.1.2
Shearing hazard 5.1.3, 7.1.1, 7.1.2.2
Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic
principles
Unhealthy postures 5.1.3
Inadequate consideration of hand-arm anatomy 5.1.2
Human errors 5.2.2.1 to 5.2.2.10
Inadequate design of manual controls 5.1.2
Failure of the power supply 5.2.2.5, 5.2.2.6, 5.2.2.7
Failure of the control circuit 7.1.1, 7.1.2.2
Errors of fitting 7.1.1, 7.1.2.2
Falling objects 5.2.2.1, 5.2.2.2, 5.2.2.3,, 5.2.2.4, 5.2.2.5,
5.2.2.7
Loss of stability of machinery 5.1.5
Mechanical hazards and hazardous events
From load falls, collisions, machine tipping caused
by:
Lack of stability 5.1.1.2
Uncontrolled loading - overloading - overturning 5.1.1.1, 7.1.1
moments exceeded
Uncontrolled amplitude of movements 5.2.2.10
Unexpected/unintended movement of loads 5.2.2.1, 5.2.2.2, 5.2.2.3, 5.2.2.4, 5.2.2.5,
5.2.2.6, 5.2.2.9, 5.2.2.10, 7.2.3
Inadequate holding devices/accessories 5.2.2.1, 7.1.1, 7.1.2
From insufficient mechanical strength of parts 5.1.1.1
From inadequate selection/integration into the 5.1.4
machine of chains, ropes, lifting accessories
From abnormal conditions of assembly/testing/use 5.2.2.5, 5.2.2.6, 7.1.1, 7.1.2.2, 7.2
maintenance
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Table 3 — Lifting magnets - List of significant hazards and associated requirements
Hazard Relevant clause(s) in this standard
Mechanical hazards
Generated by machine parts or workpieces
caused, for example, by:
Inadequacy of mechanical strength 5.1.1.1, 5.1.1.2
Stability 5.1.5, 7.1.1
Crushing hazard 5.1.3, 7.1.1, 7.1.2.3
Shearing hazard 5.1.3, 7.1.1, 7.1.2.3
Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic
principles
Unhealthy postures 5.1.3
Inadequate consideration of hand-arm anatomy 5.1.2
Human errors 5.2.3.
Inadequate design of manual controls 5.1.2
Failure of the power supply 5.2.3.3, 5.2.3.4.2,
Failure of the control circuit 7.1.1, 7.1.2.3
Errors of fitting 7.1.1, 7.1.2.3
Falling objects 5.2.3.2, 5.2.3.3, 5.2.3.4, 5.2.3.5,
Loss of stability/overturning of machinery 5.1.5
Mechanical hazards and hazardous events
From load falls, collisions, machine tipping caused
by:
Lack of stability 5.1.5
Uncontrolled loading - overloading - overturning 5.1.1.1, 7.1.1
moments exceeded
Unexpected/unintended movement of loads 5.2.3.1, 5.2.3.2, 5.2.3.3, 5.2.3.4, 5.2.3.5,
5.2.3.6, 7.1.2.3
Inadequate holding devices/accessories 5.2.3.2, 7.1.1, 7.1.2
From insufficient mechanical strength of parts 5.1.1.1
From inadequate selection/integration into the 5.1.4
machine of chains, ropes, lifting accessories
From abnormal conditions of assembly/testing/use 5.2.37.1, 7.2.3
maintenance
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Table 4 — C-Hooks - List of significant hazards and associated requirements
Hazard Relevant clause(s) in this standard
Mechanical hazards
Generated by machine parts or workpieces
caused, for example, by:
Inadequacy of mechanical strength 5.1.1.1, 5.1.1.2
Stability 5.1.5, 7.1.1
Crushing hazard 5.1.3, 7.1.1, 7.1.2.4
Shearing hazard 5.1.3, 7.1.1, 7.1.2.4
Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic
principles
Unhealthy postures 5.1.3, 5.2.4.1
Inadequate consideration of hand-arm anatomy 5.1.2
Inadequate design of manual controls 5.1.2
Falling objects 5.2.4.2
Loss of stability/overturning of machinery 5.1.5
Mechanical hazards and hazardous events
From load falls, collisions, machine tipping
caused by:
Lack of stability 5.1.4
Uncontrolled loading - overloading - overturning 5.1.1.1, 7.1.1
moments exceeded
Unexpected/unintended movement of loads 5.2.4.2
Inadequate holding devices/accessories 5.2.4.1, 7.1.1, 7.1.2.4, 7.2.3
From insufficient mechanical strength of parts 5.1.1.1
From inadequate selection/integration into the 5.1.4
machine of chains, ropes, lifting accessories
From abnormal conditions of 7.1, 7.2
assembly/testing/use maintenance
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Table 5 — Lifting forks - List of significant hazards and associated requirements
Hazard Relevant clause(s) in this standard
Mechanical hazards
Generated by machine parts or workpieces
caused, for example, by:
Inadequacy of mechanical strength 5.1.1.1, 5.1.1.2, 5.2.5.6
Stability 5.1.5, 7.1.1
Crushing hazard 5.1.3, 7.1.1,
Shearing hazard 5.1.3, 7.1.1,
Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic
principles
Unhealthy postures 5.1.3, 5.2.5.1
Inadequate consideration of hand-arm anatomy 5.1.2
Inadequate design of manual controls 5.1.2
Falling objects 5.2.5.2, 5.2.5.3, 5.2.5.4, 5.2.5.5, 5.2.5.6,
7.1.1, 7.2.3
Loss of stability/overturning of machinery 5.1.5
Mechanical hazards and hazardous events
From load falls, collisions, machine tipping
caused by:
Lack of stability 5.1.4
Uncontrolled loading - overloading - overturning 5.1.1.1, 7.1.1
moments exceeded
Unexpected/unintended movement of loads 5.2.5.2, 5.2.5.3, 5.2.5.4, 5.2.5.5
Inadequate holding devices/accessories 5.2.5.2, 5.2.5.3, 5.2.5.4, 5.2.5.5, 7.1.1, ,
7.2.3
From insufficient mechanical strength of parts 5.1.1.1, 5.2.5.6
From inadequate selection/integration into the 5.1.4
machine of chains, ropes, lifting accessories
From abnormal conditions of 5.2.5.3, 5.2.5.4, 5.2.5.5, 7.1.1, 7.2
assembly/testing/use maintenance
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Table 6 — Lifting beams - List of significant hazards and associated requirements
Hazard Relevant clause(s) in this standard
Mechanical hazards
Generated by machine parts or workpieces
caused, for example, by:
Inadequacy of mechanical strength 5.1.1.1, 5.1.1.2, 5.2.6.1
Stability 5.1.5, 7.1.1
Crushing hazard 5.1.3, , 5.2.6.2, 5.2.6.3., 7.1.1, 7.1.2.5
Shearing hazard 5.1.3, 5.2.6.2, 5.2.6.3, 7.1.1, 7.1.2.5
Entanglement hazards 5.2.6.4.4, 7.1.1, 7.1.2.5
Hazards generated by neglecting
ergonomic principles
Unhealthy postures 5.1.3
Inadequate consideration of hand-arm 5.1.2
anatomy
Inadequate design of manual controls 5.1.2
Unexpected start-up, unexpected 5.2.6.4.3
overrun/overspeed
Falling objects 5.2.6.3, 5.2.6.4.2
Loss of stability/overturning of machinery 5.1.5
Mechanical hazards and hazardous events
From load falls, collisions, machine tipping 5
caused by:
Lack of stability 5.1.5
Uncontrolled loading - overloading - 7.1, 7.2
overturning moments exceeded
Unexpected/unintended movement of loads 5.2.6, 7.2.3
Inadequate holding devices/accessories 5.1.4, 7.1.1, 7.1.2.5
From insufficient mechanical strength of parts 5.1.1.1
From inadequate selection/integration into the 5.1.4
machine of chains, ropes, lifting accessories
From abnormal conditions of 5.2.6, 7.1, 7.2
assembly/testing/use maintenance
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Table 7 — Clamps - List of significant hazards and associated requirements
Hazard Relevant clause(s) in this standard
Mechanical hazards
Generated by machine parts or workpieces
caused, for example, by:
Inadequacy of mechanical strength 5.1.1.1, 5.1.1.2, 5.2.7.6
Stability 5.1.5, 7.1.1
Crushing hazard 5.1.3, 7.1.1, 7.1.2.6
Shearing hazard 5.1.3, 7.1.1, 7.1.2.6
Hazards generated by neglecting
ergonomic principles
Unhealthy postures 5.1.3
Inadequate consideration of hand-arm 5.1.2
anatomy
Human errors 5.2.7.4, 5.2.7.5, 5.2.7.7
Inadequate design of manual controls 5.1.2, 5.2.7.4
Errors of fitting 5.2.7.2, 7.1.1, 7.1.2.6
Falling objects 5.2.7, 7.1.1, 7.2.3
Loss of stability of machinery 5.1.5
Mechanical hazards and hazardous events
From load falls, collisions, machine tipping
caused by:
Lack of stability 5.1.5
Uncontrolled loading - overloading - 5.1.1.1, 7.1.1, 7.2.1
overturning moments exceeded
Unexpected/unintended movement of loads 5.2.7.1, 5.2.7.2, 5.2.7.3, 5.2.7.4, 7.2.3
Inadequate holding devices/accessories 5.2.7.2, 5.2.7.3, 5.2.7.5, 5.2.7.7, 7.1.1,
7.1.2.6, 7.2.3
From insufficient mechanical strength of parts 5.1.1.1, 5.2.7.6
From inadequate selection/integration into the 5.1.4
machine of chains, ropes, lifting accessories
From abnormal conditions of 5.2.7.5, 7.1, 7.2
assembly/testing/use maintenance
prEN 13155:2014 (E)
5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures
5.1 General requirements
The attachment shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective measures of this clause. In
addition, the attachment shall be designed according to the principles of EN ISO 12100 for hazards relevant
but not significant which are not dealt with by this standard.
5.1.1 Mechanical load bearing parts
5.1.1.1 Proof of static strength and elastic stability
Unless otherwise specified in 5.2, the mechanical load bearing parts shall have a mechanical strength to fulfill
the following requirements:
Elastic condition: the mechanical load bearing parts shall be designed to withstand a static load of
two times the load they are required to sustain under the intended operating conditions without
permanent deformation.
Yielded condition: the mechanical load bearing parts shall be designed to withstand a static load of
three times the load they are required to sustain under the intended operating conditions without
releasing the load even if permanent deformation occurs;
The coefficients mentioned above cover the uncertainties of the value of the actual load and the impact factor
for hoisting a grounded load (dynamic effect) in general applications.
Attachments intended to tilt shall be designed for an angle of at least 6° more than the maximum working
angle. Attachments not intended to tilt shall be designed for an angle of at least 6°.
5.1.1.2 Proof of fatigue strength
The proof of fatigue strength is not necessary for attachments designed for less than 16 000 cycles; it is
covered by the global safety of the proof of static strength.
For attachments designed for more than 16 000 cycles, the proof of fatigue strength shall be based on the
specified number of lifting cycles (ie U-class according EN 13001-1) and the proof done in accordance with
EN 13001-3-1.
NOTE The proof of fatigue strength can be fulfilled:
either by direct calculation of the stress history parameter s (see EN 13001-3-1). Unless otherwise
m
specified in the technical data of the lifting attachment, a full load spectrum shall be set (ie kQ = 1
according to EN 13001-1), equivalent to a full stress spectrum (i.e. k = 1 according to EN 13001-3-1)
m
for the load lifting attachment or connection under consideration;
or by arranging the attachment into classes S of the stress history parameter s
m
5.1.2 Controls
The controls of the attachment shall be in accordance with the following clauses of EN 13557: where
applicable:
5.1.1, 5.1.9, 5.2.3.1.1, 5.2.3.1.2, 5.2.3.1.3, 5.2.3.1.4, 5.2.3.2.1, 5.2.3.2.2, 5.2.3.2.3, 5.2.3.2.4, 5.2.3.2.5,
5.2.3.2.6
prEN 13155:2014 (E)
5.1.3 Handles
An attachment that is intended to be guided manually shall be equipped with handle(s), arranged so that
finger injuries are avoided. Handles are not required if features have been built in to provide natural
handholds.
5.1.4 Requirements for slings which are integrated
Slings which are an integrated part of the attachment shall be in accordance with the appropriate following
standards:
EN 818-4;
EN 818-5;
EN 13414-1;
EN 1492-1;
EN 1492-2.
5.1.5 Stability during storage
When not required for use it shall be possible to set down the attachment so that it is stable during storage. To
be regarded as stable it shall not tip over when tilted to an angle of 10° in any direction. This shall be achieved
either by the shape of the attachment or by means of additional equipment such as a stand.
5.1.6 Qualification of the welders
It shall be proven that the welds have been done by welders certified in accordance with EN ISO 9606-1. It
shall be verified that the quality level of the welds are in accordance with EN ISO 5817 with reference to Table
A.2
5.2 Specific requirements for each category of attachment
5.2.1 Plate clamps
5.2.1.1 Under the conditions specified by the manufacturer, it shall not be possible to unintentionally
release the load, in particular by the following influences:
a) contact of the plate clamp particularly the locking mechanisms with an obstacle;
b) weight of the crane hook, bottom block or other connections bearing down on the device;
c) intended tipping and/or turning.
5.2.1.2 Plate clamps intended to transport vertically suspended plate shall incorporate a device to
prevent the load from unintentional detachment when it is set down.
5.2.1.3 The safety factor to prevent the load from slipping shall be at least 2.
5.2.1.4 The minimum working load of the plate clamp shall be equal to or less than 10% of the working
load limit.
5.2.1.5 In the case of plate clamps where the range of thickness does not start at 0, a safety range in
which the gripping force does not fall below the value given in 5.2.1.3 is required below the smallest specified
thickness, in order to be able to compensate for the manufacturing tolerances, elastic deformation etc.
prEN 13155:2014 (E)
The following minimum safety ranges are required:
a) for a minimum thickness less than or equal to 50 mm: 10 % of the minimum thickness;
b) for a minimum thickness between 50 and 100 mm: 5 mm;
c) for a minimum thickness more than 100 mm: 5 % of the minimum thickness.
5.2.1.6 If the lifting attachment is designed to use more than one clamp, the working load limit of each
clamp shall take account of the share of the load which can foreseeably be imposed on it (including any
inequality of share due to the rigidity of the load) and any intermediate equipment between the clamps and the
crane e.g. a lifting beam.
5.2.1.7 The method of connecting to the crane or intermediate equipment shall ensure that the forces are
transmitted through the plate clamp in the correct alignment. Where this is not possible by design, the marking
and/or operating instructions shall clearly indicate how it should be connected.
5.2.2 Vacuum lifters
5.2.2.1 Vacuum lifters shall be dimensioned to hold at least a load corresponding to two times the
working load limit at the end of the working range and the beginning of the danger range respectively at all
design angles of tilt. The design angles of tilt shall exceed the maximum working angles in accordance with
5.1.1.1.
NOTE The pressure range with which it is possible to work is termed the working range. The danger range adjoins
the working range. In some vacuum lifting systems, in particular self-priming vacuum lifters, the pressure decrease arising
depends upon the weight of the load.
5.2.2.2 Non-self-priming vacuum lifters shall be equipped with a pressure measuring device showing the
working range and the danger range of the vacuum.
5.2.2.3 Self-priming vacuum lifters shall be equipped with an indicator showing to the operator that the
end of the working range is reached.
5.2.2.4 The measuring device or the indicator respectively shall be fully visible for the slinger or, if there is
no slinger, for the driver of the crane in his normal working position.
5.2.2.5 Means shall be provided to prevent the risks due to vacuum losses. This shall be:
a) in the case of vacuum lifters with a vacuum pump: a reserve vacuum with a non return valve between the
reserve vacuum and the pump, located as close as possible to the reserve vacuum;
b) in the case of vacuum lifters with Venturi-system: a pressure-reserve-tank or vacuum-reserve-tank with a
non return valve between the reserve vacuum and the Venturi system, located as close as possible to the
reserve vacuum;
c) in the case of turbine vacuum lifters: a supporting battery or an additional flywheel-mass;
d) in the case of self-priming vacuum lifters: a reserve-stroke at least equal to 5 % of the total stroke of the
piston.
NOTE Vacuum losses can occur for example, due to leaks, or in the case of non self-priming vacuum lifters, due to a
power failure.
5.2.2.6 There shall be a device to warn automatically that the danger range is reached, when vacuum
losses cannot be compensated. The warning signal shall be optical or acoustic, depending upon the
circumstances of use for the vacuum lifter, and in accordance with EN 981, EN 842 and EN 457. The warning
device shall work even if there is a power failure of the vacuum lifter.
prEN 13155:2014 (E)
NOTE The warning device is not the pressure measuring device of 5.2.2.2 or the indicator of 5.2.2.3.
5.2.2.7 In case of power failure, the vacuum lifter shall be able to hold the load for 5 minutes. This is not
necessary in no-go areas and this is not necessary for turbine vacuum lifters if all the following conditions are
met:
the operator maintains control of the load through steering handles which ensures that the operator is
outside the danger zone in case of the load falling, this is not required if the load is less than 20kg;
in addition to clause 5.2.2.6 a warning device shall be activated as soon as the power fails;
lifting of the geometric centre of the suction pads above 1,8 m shall be prohibited by marking and
instructions for use.
5.2.2.8 For vacuum lifters intended to be used in an area where it is difficult to leave the danger zone or
difficult to warn persons in the danger zone (eg in a building area), a secondary positive holding device is
required or there shall be two vacuum reserves each fitted with non return valves. Each vacuum reserve shall
be connected to a separate set of vacuum pads. Each set of vacuum pads shall fulfil the requirement of the
clause 5.2.2.1.
5.2.2.9 The releasing of the load shall be actuated by a two action control. This is not necessary if the
release of the load is not possible until the load has been put down or in no-go areas.
5.2.2.10 Controls for tilting or turning movements shall be hold-to-run type.
5.2.2.11 The shape of the suction pad shall be matched to that of the intended load(s). If more than one
suction pad is used in conjunction with a lifting beam, the layout and working load limit of the suction pads
shall be matched to that of the intended load(s). The share of the load which can foreseeably be imposed on
each suction pad shall not exceed its working load limit taking account of the rigidity of both the load and the
vacuum lifter.
5.2.3 Lifting magnets
5.2.3.1 General
5.2.3.1.1 The releasing of the load shall be actuated by a two action control. This is not necessary if the
release of the load is not possible until the load has been put down or in no-go areas.
5.2.3.1.2 The shape of the magnet shall be matched to that of the intended load(s). If more than one
magnet is used in conjunction with a lifting beam, the layout and working load limit of the magnets shall be
matched to that of the intended load(s). The share of the load which can foreseeably be imposed on each
magnet shall not exceed its working load limit taking account of the rigidity of both the load and the lifting
beam.
5.2.3.2 Battery-fed electric lifting magnets
5.2.3.2.1 They shall provide a tear-off force corresponding to at least 2 times the working load limit under
the conditions specified by the manufacturer.
5.2.3.
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