SIST EN 14227-12:2006
(Main)Hydraulically bound mixtures - Specifications - Part 12: Soil treated by slag
Hydraulically bound mixtures - Specifications - Part 12: Soil treated by slag
This European Standard specifies soils treated by slag for roads, airfields and other trafficked areas and specifies the requirements for their constituents, composition and laboratory performance classification.
In this European Standard slag refers to granulated blast furnace slag, generally ground or partially ground, complying with EN 14227-2.
Hydraulisch gebundene Gemische - Anforderungen - Teil 12: Bodenverbesserung mit granulierter Hochofenschlacke
Diese Europäische Norm legt Bodenverbesserungen mit Schlacke für den Bau von Straßen, Flugplätzen und
sonstigen Verkehrsflächen, die Anforderungen an ihre Bestandteile und Zusammensetzung und die
Klassifizierung des im Labor bestimmten Gebrauchsverhaltens fest.
In dieser Europäischen Norm bezieht sich der Begriff Schlacke auf granulierte Hochofenschlacke nach
EN 14227-2, die im Allgemeinen vollständig oder teilweise zermahlen ist.
Mélanges traités aux liants hydrauliques - Spécifications - Partie 12: Sol traité au laitier
La présente Norme européenne définit les sols traités au laitier pour les routes, les terrains d’aviation et
autres zones de circulation, et précise les exigences relatives a leurs constituants, a leur composition et a leur
classification selon les performances en laboratoire.
Dans la présente Norme européenne, le terme «laitier» désigne le laitier granulé de haut fourneau,
généralement broyé ou partiellement broyé, conforme a la norme EN 14227-2.
Hidravlično vezane zmesi - Specifikacije - 12. del: Izboljšanje zemljin z granulirano plavžno žlindro
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Hydraulically bound mixtures - Specifications - Part 12: Soil treated by slagMélanges traités aux liants hydrauliques - Spécifications - Partie 12: Sol traité au laitierHydraulisch gebundene Gemische - Anforderungen - Teil 12: Bodenverbesserung mit granulierter HochofenschlackeTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14227-12:2006SIST EN 14227-12:2006en93.080.20ICS:SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 14227-12:200601-julij-2006
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 14227-12May 2006ICS 93.080.20 English VersionHydraulically bound mixtures - Specifications - Part 12: Soiltreated by slagMélanges traités aux liants hydrauliques - Spécifications -Partie 12: Sol traité au laitierHydraulisch gebundene Gemische - Anforderungen - Teil12: Bodenverbesserung mit granulierter HochofenschlackeThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 February 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2006 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14227-12:2006: E
EN 14227-12:2006 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword.3 1 Scope.4 2 Normative references.4 3 Terms and definitions.5 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms.5 5 Constituents.6 5.1 Ground or partially ground granulated blast furnace slag.6 5.2 Soil.6 5.3 Water.6 5.4 Other constituents.6 6 Mixture.7 6.1 General.7 6.2 Proportioning and dry density.7 7 Requirements for the fresh mixture.7 7.1 Water content.7 7.2 Degree of pulverization.7 7.3 Immediate bearing index.8 7.4 Moisture condition value.8 8 Laboratory mechanical performance classification.8 8.1 General.8 8.2 Classification by California bearing ratio.9 8.3 Classification by compressive strength.9 8.4 Classification by Rt, E.10 8.4.1 General.10 8.4.2 Method by direct tensile testing.10 8.4.3 Method by indirect tensile testing.10 8.4.4 Method by indirect tensile and compression testing.11 9 Resistance to water and other requirements for the mixture.11 9.1 Resistance to water.11 9.1.1 General.11 9.1.2 Strength after immersion in water.11 9.1.3 Linear swelling after soaking in water.12 9.1.4 Volumetric swelling after immersion in water.12 9.2 Strength at trafficking.12 9.3 Resistance to frost.12 10 Production control.12 11 Designation and description.13 12 Marking and labelling.13 Annex A (informative)
Examples of ‘age of classification’ and curing regimes for Rc, Rt and E testing of treated soils including resistance to water testing by full immersion in water.15 Annex B (informative)
Production control for hydraulically treated mixtures.16 Bibliography.22
EN 14227-12:2006 (E) 3 Foreword This European Standard (EN 14227-12:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 227 “Road materials”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2006. This European Standard is one of a series of standards for hydraulically bound mixtures: EN 14227-1, Hydraulically bound mixtures — Specifications — Part 1: Cement bound granular mixtures. EN 14227-2, Hydraulically bound mixtures — Specifications — Part 2: Slag bound mixtures. EN 14227-3, Hydraulically bound mixtures — Specifications — Part 3: Fly ash bound mixtures. EN 14227-4, Hydraulically bound mixtures — Specifications — Part 4: Fly ash for hydraulically bound mixtures. EN 14227-5, Hydraulically bound mixtures — Specifications — Part 5: Hydraulic road binder bound mixtures. EN 14227-10, Hydraulically bound mixtures — Specifications — Part 10: Soil treated by cement. EN 14227-11, Hydraulically bound mixtures — Specifications — Part 11: Soil treated by lime. EN 14227-12, Hydraulically bound mixtures — Specifications — Part 12: Soil treated by slag. EN 14227-13, Hydraulically bound mixtures — Specifications — Part 13: Soil treated by hydraulic road binder. EN 14227-14, Hydraulically bound mixtures — Specifications — Part 14: Soil treated by fly ash. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EN 14227-12:2006 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies soils treated by slag for roads, airfields and other trafficked areas and specifies the requirements for their constituents, composition and laboratory performance classification. In this European Standard slag refers to granulated blast furnace slag, generally ground or partially ground, complying with EN 14227-2. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this European Standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 197-1, Cement — Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements EN 933-1, Test for geometrical properties of aggregates — Part 1: Determination of particle size distribution — Sieving method EN 13286-2, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 2: Test methods for the determination of the laboratory reference density and water content — Proctor compaction EN 13286-3, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 3: Test methods for laboratory reference density and water content — Vibrocompression with controlled parameters EN 13286-4, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 4: Test methods for laboratory reference density and water content — Vibrating hammer EN 13286-5, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 5: Test methods for laboratory reference density and water content — Vibrating table EN 13286-40, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 40: Test method for the determination of the direct tensile strength of hydraulically bound mixtures EN 13286-41, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 41: Test method for the determination of the compressive strength of hydraulically bound mixtures EN 13286-42, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 42: Test method for the determination of the indirect tensile strength of hydraulically bound mixtures EN 13286-43, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 43: Test method for the determination of the modulus of elasticity of hydraulically bound mixtures EN 13286-46, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 46: Test method for the determination of the moisture condition value EN 13286-47, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 47: Test method for the determination of the California bearing ratio, immediate bearing index and linear swelling EN 13286-48, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixture — Part 48: Test method for the determination of the degree of pulverisation EN 13286-49, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 49:
Accelerated swelling test for soil treated by lime and/or hydraulic binder
EN 14227-12:2006 (E) 5 EN 13286-50, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 50: Method for the manufacture of test specimens of hydraulically bound mixtures using Proctor equipment or vibrating table compaction EN 13286-51, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 51: Method for the manufacture of test specimens of hydraulically bound mixtures by vibrating hammer compaction EN 13286-52, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 52: Method for the manufacture of test specimens of hydraulically bound mixtures by vibrocompression EN 13286-53, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 53: Method for the manufacture of test specimens of hydraulically bound mixtures using axial compression EN 14227-2, Hydraulically bound mixtures — Specifications — Part 2: Slag bound mixtures EN 14227-11, Hydraulically bound mixtures — Specifications — Part 11: Soil treated by lime 3 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 soil natural, artificial or recycled material or any combination of these 3.2 slag granulated or pelletized blast furnace slag, generally ground or partially ground 3.3 soil treated with slag mixture of soil, slag, other constituents and water, that sets and hardens by hydraulic reaction 3.4 slenderness ratio height to diameter ratio of the specimen 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms For the purpose of this European Standard, the following symbols and abbreviations apply. W is the water content; P is the pulverization; IPI is the immediate bearing index; MCV is the moisture condition value; CBR is the California bearing ratio, expressed in percent (%); R is the compressive or tensile strength, expressed in megapascals (MPa); Rc is the compressive strength, expressed in megapascals (MPa); Rt is the direct tensile strength, expressed in megapascals (MPa);
EN 14227-12:2006 (E) 6 Rit is the indirect tensile strength, expressed in megapascals (MPa); Ri is the compressive or tensile strength after immersion in water, expressed in megapascals (MPa); E is the modulus of elasticity, expressed in megapascals (MPa); Ec is the modulus of elasticity E determined in compression, expressed in megapascals (MPa); Et is the modulus of elasticity E determined in direct tension, expressed in megapascals (MPa); Eit is the modulus of elasticity E determined in indirect tension, expressed in megapascals (MPa); I is the ‘strength after immersion’ ratio; LS is the linear swelling of a CBR specimen, expressed in millimetres (mm); Gv is the volumetric swelling of a specimen, expressed in percent (%). 5 Constituents 5.1 Ground or partially ground granulated blast furnace slag Ground or partially ground granulated blast furnace slag shall comply with EN 14227-2. NOTE Depending on the soil type, it may be possible to use granulated blast furnace slag complying with
EN 14227-2 that has not been ground, although the user should be aware that mixtures containing such slag rely for their performance on crushing of the slag between soil particles under rolling which may not be achieved with some soil types. 5.2 Soil Not less than 95 % of the soil shall pass the 63 mm sieve when tested using wet sieving in conformity with EN 933-1. The soil shall conform to classification and homogeneity requirements at the place of use. NOTE 1 Organic matter can delay the setting and hardening process. Laboratory mixture design work will determine whether soil/material containing organic matter can be accommodated. The amount of organic matter that can be accommodated depends on the type of organic matter. NOTE 2 Soil containing or suspected of containing sulphates can result in expansion of the mixture. Laboratory mixture design work including ‘resistance to water testing’ in accordance with this European Standard will determine if sulfates or other material with the potential to cause swelling can be accommodated. 5.3 Water Water shall not contain components that adversely affect the setting, hardening and performance of the mixture. 5.4 Other constituents Other constituents shall include lime in conformity with EN 14227-11, cement in conformity with EN 197-1, aggregate, gypsum, ground or crushed air-cooled steel slag or other materials that are either necessary for setting and hardening of the mixture or to improve workability, trafficability or performance. NOTE Other constituents include those that are necessary for the setting and hardening of the slag e.g. a source of lime and or sulfate, and those constituents that are added to improve workability, traffickability and or performance of the mixture e.g. aggregate.
EN 14227-12:2006 (E) 7 6 Mixture 6.1 General The mixture shall comprise constituents specified in Clause 5. 6.2 Proportioning and dry density The proportioning of the constituents including water content, expressed as percentages by dry mass of the total dry mass of the mixture, and the dry density of the mixture, shall be declared. The declared proportions shall be based on the laboratory mixture design and/or practical experiences with mixtures produced with the same constituents and under the same conditions. 7 Requirements for the fresh mixture 7.1 Water content The water content shall be selected to permit compaction on site by rolling and to optimize the mechanical performance of the mixture. The water content shall be determined by the Proctor or other test in conformity with EN 13286-2 to EN 13286-5, and limits set to give a workable range of water content on site compatible with the compaction and the desired performance of the mixture. When required, the water content of the mixture shall conform to one of the categories in Table 1. Table 1 — Minimum water content Minimum water content of the mixture Category 0,9 optimum water content of the mixture determined in accordance with the selected method of compaction from EN 13286-2 to EN 13286-5 W0,9 0,95 optimum water content of the mixture determined in accordance with the selected method of compaction from EN 13286-2 to EN 13286-5 W0,95 The optimum water content of the mixture determined in accordance with the selected method of compaction from EN 13286-2 to EN 13286-5 W1,0 Declared value WDV
7.2 Degree of pulverization When required, the degree of pulverization of the mixture shall conform to one of the categories in Table 2. Table 2 — Degree of pulverization Degree of pulverization
determined in accordance with EN 13286-48 Category ≥ 30 % P30 ≥ 40 % P40 ≥ 50 % P50 ≥ 60 % P60 Declared value PDV
EN 14227-12:2006 (E) 8 7.3 Immediate bearing index When required, the immediate bearing index of the mixture at the declared water content, determined in accordance with EN 13286-47, shall conform to one of the categories in Table 3 observing the following testing procedure. After mixing, the mixture shall be stored in bags in a sealed condition for 60 min. The specimen(s) shall then be manufactured and the determination of the index carried out immediately or no later than 90 min after mixing. Table 3 — Immediate bearing index Immediate bearing index Category > 10 IPI10 > 15 IPI15 > 20 IPI20 > 25 IPI25 > 30 IPI30 > 40 IPI40 > 50 IPI50 Declared value IPIDV
7.4 Moisture condition value When required, the moisture condition value of the mixture, determined in accordance with EN 13286-46, shall conform to one of the categories in Table 4. Table 4 — Moisture condition value Moisture condition value
Category 6 minimum, 10 maximum MCV6/10 7 minimum, 11 maximum MCV7/11 8 minimum, 12 maximum MCV8/12 9 minimum, 13 maximum MCV9/13 Declared values MCVDV
8 Laboratory mechanical performance classification 8.1 General The laboratory mechanical performance of the mixture shall be characterized and classified by one of the following three methods: by California bearing ratio CBR; by compressive strength Rc; by the combination Rt, E of tensile strength Rt and modulus of elasticity E. NOTE No correlation is intended nor should be assumed between the 3 methods of characterization.
EN 14227-12:2006 (E) 9 8.2 Classification by California bearing ratio The CBR of the mixture, determined in accordance with EN 13286-47 and the following, shall conform to the selected class from Table 5. a) After manufacture, the specimens shall be subjected to a conditioning period of either 1 h, 3 days, or other selected period, during which the specimens shall be prevented from drying out and shall be maintained at a temperature of (20 ± 2) °C or other specified temperature. b) After conditioning, the specimens shall undergo a soaking period of either 4 days or other longer period before testing, during which they shall be maintained at a temperature of (20 ± 2) °C or other specified temperature. c) The length of conditioning and soaking periods shall be noted in the test report. Table 5 — California bearing ratio classes and requirements for the mixture CBR requirement after 4 days soaking (or other specified longer period) Class ≥ 15 and the immediate bearing index CBR15 ≥ 20 and the immediate bearing index CBR20 ≥ 30 and the immediate bearing index CBR30 ≥ 40 and the immediate bearing index CBR40 ≥ 50 and the immediate bearing index CBR50 Declared value CBRDV
8.3 Classification by compressive strength Mixtures shall be classified by compressive strength determined in accordance with EN 13286-41 carried out on specimens manufactured in accordance with EN 13286-50 to EN 13286-53. The class of compressive strength shall be selected from Table 6 in combination with the selected method of specimen manufacture. NOTE 1 The permitted methods of specimen manufacture produce different specimen shapes and density, and thus for the same mixture, different strengths. Hence it is important, on the basis of experience and utilization, not to separate strength from the method of specimen manufacture. The age of classification and curing conditions shall be specified in accordance with practice at the place of use. NOTE 2 For information, Annex A gives examples of age of classification and curing regimes. For characterization or mixture design testing in the laboratory, compressive strength shall be the average result from at least three specimens. If one value varies by more than 20 % of the average, it shall be discarded and compressive strength taken as the average of the other values.
EN 14227-12:2006 (E) 10 Table 6 — Compressive strength classification Minimum Rc in MPa for cylinders of slenderness ratio 2a Minimum Rc in MPa for cylinders of slenderness ratio 1 a and cubes Rc Class 0,4 0,5 C0,4/0,5 0,8 1 C0,8/1 1,5 2 C1,5/2 3 4 C3/4 6 8 C6/8 9 12 C9/12 Declared value Declared value CDV a If cylinders with slenderness ratios other than 1 or 2 are used, then the correlation with cylinders of either slenderness ratio 1 or 2 shall be established before use, except for Proctor cylinders of slenderness ratio 1,2 and 0,83, which shall be considered equal to slenderness ratio 1.
8.4 Classification by Rt, E 8.4.1 General The class of Rt, E shall be selected from Figure 1. The age of classification and curing conditions shall be specified in accordance with practice at the place of use. NOTE For information, Annex A gives examples of age of classification and curing regimes. For characterization or mixture design testing in the laboratory, Rt and E shall be the average result from at least three specimens. If one value varies by more than 20 % of the average, it shall be discarded and Rt and E taken as the average of the other values. Rt and E shall be established using one of the equivalent methods described in 8.4.2 to 8.4.4. 8.4.2 Method by direct tensile testing Rt shall be determined in accordance with EN 13286-40. E shall be determined in direct tension Et in accordance with EN 13286-43. For both, specimens shall be manufactured using vibrocompression in accordance with EN 13286-52. 8.4.3 Method by indirect tensile testing Rt shall be derived from Rit determined in accordance with EN 13286-42 using the relationship Rt = 0,8 Rit.
E shall be derived from Eit (E measured in indirect tension) determined in accordance with EN 13286-43 using the relationship E = Eit.
EN 14227-12:2006 (E) 11 Specimens shall be manufactured using either Proctor compaction for both in accordance with EN 13286-50, or vibrating hammer for both in accordance with EN 13286-51, or vibrocompression for both in accordance with EN 13286-52, or axial compression for both in accordance with EN 13286-53. NOTE The permitted methods of specimen manufacture produce different specimen shapes and density, and thus for the same mixture, different strengths. Hence it is important, on the basis of experience and utilization, not to separate strength from the method of specimen manufacture. 8.4.4 Method by indirect tensile and compression testing Rt shall be derived from Rit determined in accordance with EN 13286-42 using the relationship Rt = 0,8 Rit. E shall be derived from Ec (E measured in compression) determined in accordance with EN 13286-43 using the relationship E = Ec. Specimens shall be manufactured using either Proctor compaction for both in accordance with EN 13286-50, or vibrating hammer for both in accordance with EN 13286-51, or vibrocompression for both in accordance with EN 13286-52, or axial compression for both in accordance with EN 13286-53. NOTE The permitted methods of specimen manufacture produce different specimen shapes and density, and thus for the same mixture, different strengths. Hence it is important, on the basis of experience and utilization, not to separate strength from the method of specimen manufacture. 9 Resistance to water and other requirements for the mixture 9.1 Resistance to water 9.1.1 General Resistance to water shall be examined in accordance with either 9.1.2, 9.1.3 or 9.1.4. 9.1.2 Strength after immersion in water The mixture shall satisfy the selected class for immersion from Table 7. NOTE 1 The selected class should reflect the nature of the main constituent, in particular materials containing sulfates or other potentially expansive material, the intended use of the mixture, the climate and weather conditions during construction. In Table 7, Ri shall mean the average strength of not less than 3 specimens after Z days sealed curing followed by W days full immersion curing in aerated water, and R shall mean the average strength of not less than 3 specimens after (Z + W) days sealed curing. All the specimens shall be manufactured from the same batch of mixture, using the same method of manufacture, and shall be cured at the same temperature. Z and W shall be specified in accordance with the practice and requirements at the place of use.
EN 14227-12:2006 (E) 12 NOTE 2 Annex A gives examples of Z and W. Table 7 — Strength after immersion Ri/R ratio Category > 0,6 I0,6 > 0,7 I0,7 > 0,8 I0,8 Declared value IDV
9.1.3 Linear swelling after soaking in water Linear swelling, determined on at least 3 fully soaked (immersed) CBR specimens in accordance with EN 13286-47, using water that is continuously aerated, shall conform to the selected category from Table 8. The soaking shall follow a conditioning period. The swelling shall be examined for at least 28 days or until swelling ceases if longer. The specimens shall be taken from the same batch of mixture. NOTE The conditioning period will usually be the same as that selected for the determination of CBR in 8.2. Table 8 — Linear swelling Average maximum swelling of the specimens
mm Maximum swelling of any individual specimen
mm Class 5 10 LS5 3 6 LS3 1 2 LS1
9.1.4 Volumetric swelling after immersion in water Volumetric swelling Gv shall not exceed 5 % when tested in accordance with EN 13286-49. NOTE Where the volumetric swelling is greater than 5 % but does not exceed 10 %, the use of the mixture is generally not possible; however a complementary study can be made according to experience at the place of use. 9.2 Strength at trafficking ‘Strength at trafficking’ shall be specified in accordance with provisions valid at the place of use. 9.3 Resistance to frost Frost resistance shall be examined in accordance with provisions valid at the place of use. NOTE Currently, there is insufficient experience to define a method for frost resistance that can be used in all parts of Europe. 10 Production control See Annex B (informative).
EN 14227-12:2006 (E) 13 11 Designation and description 11.1 The product shall be designated by: a) producer, place of production and producer code; b) reference to this European Standard, i.e. EN 14227-12; c) mixture type and mechanical performance class (e.g. soil treated by slag – T2). 11.2 In addition, the product shall be described by:
description of the constituents including, if applicable, the characteristics and homogeneity of the soil;
mixture proportions including water content;
the selected fresh mixture categories (e.g. W, P, IPI, MCV) i
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