SIST EN 14227-15:2016
(Main)Hydraulically bound mixtures - Specifications - Part 15: Hydraulically stabilized soils
Hydraulically bound mixtures - Specifications - Part 15: Hydraulically stabilized soils
This European Standard specifies hydraulically stabilized soils for roads, airfields and other trafficked areas and specifies the requirements for their constituents, composition and laboratory performance classification.
This European Standard covers the stabilisation of soils using one or a combination of: cement, fly ash, hydraulic road binder, lime and blast-furnace slag.
Hydraulisch gebundene Gemische - Anforderungen - Teil 15: Hydraulische Bodenstabilisierungen
Diese Europäische Norm legt hydraulische Bodenstabilisierungen für Straßen, Flugplätze und sonstige Ver-kehrsflächen und die Anforderungen an deren Bestandteile, Zusammensetzung und die Klassifizierung des im Labor bestimmten Gebrauchsverhaltens fest.
Diese Europäische Norm gilt für Bodenstabilisierungen, bei denen entweder Zement, Flugasche, hydrau-lischer Tragschichtbinder, Kalk oder Hochofenschlacke oder eine beliebige Kombination dieser Stoffe zum Einsatz kommt.
Mélanges traités aux liants hydrauliques - Spécifications - Partie 15: Sols traités aux liants hydrauliques
La présente Norme européenne spécifie les sols traités aux liants hydrauliques pour les routes, les aéroports et autres zones de circulation et précise les exigences relatives à leurs constituants, à leur composition et à leur classification selon les performances mesurées en laboratoire.
La présente Norme européenne couvre la stabilisation des sols traités à l'aide d'un ou d'une combinaison de: ciment, liant hydraulique routier, cendre volante, chaux et laitier de haut-fourneau.
Hidravlično vezane zmesi - Specifikacije - 15. del: Stabiliziranje zemljin s hidravličnimi vezivi
Ta evropski standard določa zemljine, stabilizirane s hidravličnimi vezivi, za ceste, letališča in druge prometne površine ter določa zahteve za njihove sestavine, sestavo in klasifikacijo usposobljenosti laboratorija. Ta evropski standard zajema stabiliziranje zemljin z naslednjimi komponentami ali kombinacijo komponent: cement, elektrofiltrski pepel, hidravlično cestno vezivo, apnenec in plavžni žlindri.
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Hydraulisch gebundene Gemische - Anforderungen - Teil 15: Hydraulische BodenstabilisierungenMélanges traités aux liants hydrauliques - Spécifications - Partie 15: Sols traités aux liants hydrauliquesHydraulically bound mixtures - Specifications - Part 15: Hydraulically stabilized soils93.080.20Materiali za gradnjo cestRoad construction materialsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14227-15:2015SIST EN 14227-15:2016en,fr,de01-januar-2016SIST EN 14227-15:2016SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 14227-13:2006SIST EN 14227-14:2006SIST EN 14227-12:2006SIST EN 14227-10:2006SIST EN 14227-11:20061DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 14227-15:2016
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 14227-15
November
t r s w ICS
{ uä r z rä t r Supersedes EN
s v t t yæ s rã t r r xá EN
s v t t yæ s sã t r r xá EN
s v t t yæ s tã t r r xá EN
s v t t yæ s uã t r r xá EN
s v t t yæ s vã t r r xEnglish Version
Hydraulically bound mixtures æ Specifications æ Part
s wã Hydraulically stabilized soils Mélanges traités aux liants hydrauliques æ Spécifications æ Partie
s wã Sols traités aux liants hydrauliques
Hydraulisch gebundene Gemische æ Anforderungen æ Teil
s wã Bodenverfestigung mit hydraulischen Bindemitteln This European Standard was approved by CEN on
w September
t r s wä
egulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alterationä Upætoædate lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN memberä
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versionsä
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austriaá Belgiumá Bulgariaá Croatiaá Cyprusá Czech Republicá Denmarká Estoniaá Finlandá Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedoniaá Franceá Germanyá Greeceá Hungaryá Icelandá Irelandá Italyá Latviaá Lithuaniaá Luxembourgá Maltaá Netherlandsá Norwayá Polandá Portugalá Romaniaá Slovakiaá Sloveniaá Spainá Swedená Switzerlandá Turkey and United Kingdomä
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels
9
t r s w CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Membersä Refä Noä EN
s v t t yæ s wã t r s w ESIST EN 14227-15:2016
EN 14227-15:2015 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 4 1 Scope . 5 2 Normative references . 5 3 Terms and definitions . 6 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 6 5 Constituents . 7 5.1 Cement . 7 5.2 Fly ash . 7 5.3 Blast-furnace slag . 7 5.4 Hydraulic road binder . 7 5.5 Lime . 7 5.6 Soil . 7 5.7 Water . 8 5.8 Other constituents . 8 6 Mixture . 8 6.1 General . 8 6.2 Proportioning and dry density . 8 7 Requirements for the fresh mixture . 9 7.1 Water content . 9 7.2 Degree of pulverization . 9 7.3 Immediate bearing index . 9 7.4 Moisture condition value . 10 7.5 Workability period . 10 8 Laboratory mechanical performance classification . 10 8.1 General . 10 8.2 California bearing ratio. 11 8.3 Classification by compressive strength . 11 8.4 Classification by tensile strength and modulus of elasticity (Rt, E) . 12 9 Resistance to water and other requirements for the mixture . 14 9.1 Resistance to water . 14 9.2 Strength for direct construction trafficking . 15 9.3 Resistance to frost . 15 10 Production control. 15 11 Designation and description . 15 12 Labelling . 16 Annex A (informative)
Examples of ‘age of classification’ and curing regimes for Rc, Rt and E testing of treated soils including resistance to water testing . 18 Annex B (informative)
Production control for hydraulically stabilized soils . 19 B.1 General . 19 SIST EN 14227-15:2016
EN 14227-15:2015 (E) 3 B.2 Quality Manual . 19 B.3 Organization . 19 B.4 Control procedures . 20 B.5 Inspection and testing of constituents and mixtures during production . 22 B.6 Inspection and testing equipment . 23 B.7 Non-conformity . 24
SIST EN 14227-15:2016
EN 14227-15:2015 (E) 4 European foreword This document (EN 14227-15:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 227 “Road materials”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2016. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 14227-10:2006, EN 14227-11:2006 (only the sections that cover stabilization), EN 14227-12:2006, EN 14227-13:2006 and EN 14227-14:2006. This European Standard is one of a series of standards for hydraulically bound mixtures, which includes: EN 14227-1, Hydraulically bound mixtures — Specifications — Part 1: Cement bound granular mixtures; EN 14227-2, Hydraulically bound mixtures — Specifications — Part 2: Slag bound granular mixtures; EN 14227-3, Hydraulically bound mixtures — Specifications — Part 3: Fly ash bound granular mixtures; EN 14227-4, Hydraulically bound mixtures — Specifications — Part 4: Fly ash for hydraulically bound mixtures; EN 14227-5, Hydraulically bound mixtures — Specifications — Part 5: Hydraulic road binder bound granular mixtures; EN 14227-15, Hydraulically bound mixtures — Specifications — Part 15: Hydraulically stabilized soils. Compared with EN 14227-10:2006 to EN 14227-14:2006, the following change has been made: — These parts have been merged. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 14227-15:2016
EN 14227-15:2015 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies hydraulically stabilized soils for roads, airfields and other trafficked areas and specifies the requirements for their constituents, composition and laboratory performance classification. This European Standard covers the stabilization of soils using one or a combination of: cement, fly ash, hydraulic road binder, lime and blast-furnace slag. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 197-1, Cement — Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements EN 459-1, Building lime — Part 1: Definitions, specifications and conformity criteria EN 933-1, Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates — Part 1: Determination of particle size distribution — Sieving method EN 13282 (all parts), Hydraulic road binders EN 13286-2, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 2: Test methods for laboratory reference density and water content — Proctor compaction EN 13286-3, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 3: Test methods for laboratory reference density and water content — Vibrocompression with controlled parameters EN 13286-4, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 4: Test methods for laboratory reference density and water content — Vibrating hammer EN 13286-5, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 5: Test methods for laboratory reference density and water content — Vibrating table EN 13286-40, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 40: Test method for the determination of the direct tensile strength of hydraulically bound mixtures EN 13286-41, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 41: Test method for the determination of the compressive strength of hydraulically bound mixtures EN 13286-42, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 42: Test method for the determination of the indirect tensile strength of hydraulically bound mixtures EN 13286-43, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 43: Test method for the determination of the modulus of elasticity of hydraulically bound mixtures EN 13286-45, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 45: Test method for the determination of the workability period of hydraulically bound mixtures EN 13286-46, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 46: Test method for the determination of the moisture condition value SIST EN 14227-15:2016
EN 14227-15:2015 (E) 6 EN 13286-47, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 47: Test method for the determination of California bearing ratio, immediate bearing index and linear swelling EN 13286-48, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 48: Test method for the determination of degree of pulverisation EN 13286-49, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 49: Accelerated swelling test for soil treated by lime and/or hydraulic binder EN 13286-50, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 50: Method for the manufacture of test specimens of hydraulically bound mixtures using Proctor equipment or vibrating table compaction EN 13286-51, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 51: Method for the manufacture of test specimens of hydraulically bound mixtures using vibrating hammer compaction EN 13286-52, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 52: Method for the manufacture of test specimens of hydraulically bound mixtures using vibrocompression EN 13286-53, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures — Part 53: Methods for the manufacture of test specimens of hydraulically bound mixtures using axial compression EN 14227-2, Hydraulically bound mixtures — Specifications — Part 2: Slag bound granular mixtures EN 14227-4, Hydraulically bound mixtures — Specifications — Part 4: Fly ash for hydraulically bound mixtures EN 15167-1, Ground granulated blast furnace slag for use in concrete, mortar and grout — Part 1: Definitions, specifications and conformity criteria 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 hydraulically stabilized soil stabilized mixture of soil and water that sets and hardens by hydraulic reaction 3.2 soil natural, artificial or recycled material or any combination of these 3.3 slenderness ratio height to diameter ratio of the specimen 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms For the purposes of this document, the following symbols and abbreviated terms apply. W is the water content; P is the pulverization; IPI is the immediate bearing index; SIST EN 14227-15:2016
EN 14227-15:2015 (E) 7 MCV is the moisture condition value; CBR is the California bearing ratio, expressed in percent (%); R is the compressive or tensile strength, expressed in megapascals (MPa); Rc is the compressive strength, expressed in megapascals (MPa); Rt is the direct tensile strength, expressed in megapascals (MPa); Rit is the indirect tensile strength, expressed in megapascals (MPa); Ri is the compressive or tensile strength after immersion in water, expressed in megapascals (MPa); E is the modulus of elasticity, expressed in megapascals (MPa); Ec is the modulus of elasticity E determined in compression, expressed in megapascals (MPa); Et is the modulus of elasticity E determined in direct tension, expressed in megapascals (MPa); Eit is E determined in indirect tension, expressed in megapascals (MPa); I is the ‘strength after immersion’ ratio; LS is the linear swelling of a CBR specimen, expressed in millimetres (mm); Gv is the volumetric swelling of a specimen, expressed in percent (%). 5 Constituents 5.1 Cement Cement shall conform to EN 197-1 or to a European Assessment Document. 5.2 Fly ash Fly ash shall be siliceous or calcareous fly ash conforming to EN 14227-4. NOTE Siliceous fly ash is a pozzolan and requires lime or a source of lime (e.g. cement) to produce a hydraulic reaction. 5.3 Blast-furnace slag Blast-furnace slag shall be either ground granulated blast-furnace slag conforming to EN 15167-1 or partially-ground granulated blast-furnace slag conforming to EN 14227-2. NOTE Other constituents are normally necessary to enhance the hydraulic reactivity of slag. 5.4 Hydraulic road binder Hydraulic road binder shall conform to EN 13282 (all parts) or to a European Assessment Document. 5.5 Lime Lime shall be air lime conforming to EN 459-1, in form of quick lime or hydrated lime or lime slurry. 5.6 Soil Not less than 95 % of the soil shall pass the selected sieve from Table 1 when tested using wet sieving to EN 933-1. SIST EN 14227-15:2016
EN 14227-15:2015 (E) 8 Table 1 — Selected sieve Sieve mm Category 6,3 S6,3 20 S20 31,5 S31,5 63 S63 Declared Value SDV No Requirement SNR The soil shall conform to classification and homogeneity requirements at the place of use. NOTE 1 Some type of soils may be pre-treated to adjust moisture content and/or flocculate clays, for example with lime. NOTE 2 Organic matter can reduce or prevent the setting and hardening process. Laboratory mixture design work will determine whether soil containing organic matter can be accommodated. The amount of organic matter that can be accommodated depends on the type of organic matter. NOTE 3 Soil containing or suspected of containing sulfur, sulfide or sulfate can result in expansion of the mixture. Laboratory mixture design work including ‘resistance to water testing’ in accordance with this European Standard will determine if material with the potential to cause swelling can be accommodated. 5.7 Water Water shall not adversely affect the setting, hardening and performance of the mixture. 5.8 Other constituents Other constituents include aggregate, gypsum or other materials that are either necessary for or improve hydraulic reaction and or improve workability, traffickability or performance. 6 Mixture 6.1 General The mixture shall comprise constituents specified in Clause 5. In the case of constituents added at different times to the soils (for example treatment with lime followed by the addition of another constituent), the time interval in the laboratory between the respective additions shall be reported. 6.2 Proportioning and dry density The proportioning of the constituents including water content, expressed as percentages by dry mass of the total dry mass of the mixture, and the dry density of the mixture, shall be declared. The declared proportions shall be based on the laboratory mixture design. SIST EN 14227-15:2016
EN 14227-15:2015 (E) 9 7 Requirements for the fresh mixture 7.1 Water content When required, the water content of the mixture shall comply with the selected category from Table 2. The water content shall be selected to permit compaction on site by rolling and to optimize the mechanical performance of the mixture. The water content shall be determined by a method in conformity with EN 13286-2, EN 13286-3, EN 13286-4 and EN 13286-5 and limits set that give a workable range on site compatible with the compaction and desired performance of the mixture. Table 2 — Minimum water content categories Minimum water content Category 0,9 optimum water content of the mixture determined in accordance with the selected method of compaction from EN 13286-2, EN 13286-3, EN 13286-4 and EN 13286-5 W0,9 0,95 optimum water content of the mixture determined in accordance with the selected method of compaction from EN 13286-2, EN 13286-3 , EN 13286-4 and EN 13286-5 W0,95 The optimum water content of the mixture determined in accordance with the selected method of compaction from EN 13286-2, EN 13286-3, EN 13286-4 and EN 13286-5 W1,0 1,05 optimum water content of the mixture determined in accordance with the selected method of compaction from EN 13286-2, EN 13286-3, EN 13286-4 and EN 13286-5 W1,05 Declared value WDV 7.2 Degree of pulverization When required, the degree of pulverization of the mixture, determined in accordance with EN 13286-48, shall conform to one of the categories in Table 3. Table 3 — Degree of pulverization Degree of pulverization Category
30 % P30
40 % P40
50 % P50
60 % P60 Declared value PDV 7.3 Immediate bearing index When required, the immediate bearing index of the mixture at the declared water content, determined in accordance with EN 13286-47, shall conform to one of the categories in Table 4. SIST EN 14227-15:2016
EN 14227-15:2015 (E) 10 Table 4 — Immediate bearing index Immediate bearing index Category
10 IPI10
15 IPI15
20 IPI20
25 IPI25
30 IPI30
40 IPI40
50 IPI50 Declared value IPIDV 7.4 Moisture condition value When required, the moisture condition value of the mixture, determined in accordance with EN 13286-46, shall conform to one of the categories in Table 5. Table 5 — Moisture condition value Moisture condition value Category 6 minimum, 10 maximum MCV6/10 7 minimum, 11 maximum MCV7/11 8 minimum, 12 maximum MCV8/12 9 minimum, 13 maximum MCV9/13 Declared values MCVDV 7.5 Workability period When required for the intended use and the weather conditions, the workability period, determined in accordance with EN 13286-45, shall be declared. 8 Laboratory mechanical performance classification 8.1 General The laboratory mechanical performance of the mixture shall be characterized and classified by one of the following three methods: — by California bearing ratio CBR; — by compressive strength Rc; — by the combination Rt, E of tensile strength Rt and modulus of elasticity E. NOTE No correlation is intended nor should be assumed between the three methods of characterization. SIST EN 14227-15:2016
EN 14227-15:2015 (E) 11 8.2 California bearing ratio The CBR of the mixture, determined in accordance with EN 13286-47 with a surcharge of (4,5 ± 0,2) kg shall conform to the selected class from Table 6 and the following: a) After manufacture, the specimens shall be subjected to a conditioning period of either 1 h, 3 d, or other selected period, during which the specimens shall be prevented from drying out and shall be maintained at a temperature of (20 ± 2) °C or other specified temperature. b) After conditioning, the specimens shall undergo a soaking period of either 4 d or other longer period before testing, during which they shall be maintained at a temperature of (20 ± 2) °C or other specified temperature. c) The time of conditioning and soaking periods shall be noted in the test report. Table 6 — California bearing ratio CBR requirement after 4 d soaking (or other longer specified period) Category
5 CBR5
10 CBR10
12 CBR12
15 and the immediate bearing index CBR15
20 and the immediate bearing index CBR20
30 and the immediate bearing index CBR30
40 and the immediate bearing index CBR40
50 and the immediate bearing index CBR50 Declared Value CBRDV No Requirement CBRNR 8.3 Classification by compressive strength — Mixtures shall be classified by compressive strength determined in accordance with EN 13286-41 carried out on specimens manufactured in accordance with EN 13286-50, EN 13286-51, EN 13286-52 and EN 13286-53. — The class of compressive strength shall be selected from Table 7 in combination with the selected method of specimen manufacture. — The age of classification and curing conditions employed for the specimens before test shall be specified in accordance with practice at the place of use. — For characterization or mixture design testing in the laboratory, compressive strength shall be the average result from at least three specimens. If one value varies by more than 20 % of the average, it shall be discarded and compressive strength taken as the average of the other values. NOTE 1 Annex A gives examples of age of classification and specimen curing regimes. If employed as the curing regime, freeze thaw cycling of specimens shall be carried out in accordance with regulation at the place of use. The type, extent and duration of conditioning shall be reported. SIST EN 14227-15:2016
EN 14227-15:2015 (E) 12 There is currently insufficient experience to define a method of freeze thaw conditioning that can be used in all parts of Europe. NOTE 2 The permitted methods of specimen manufacture produce different specimen shapes and density, and thus for the same mixture, different strengths. Hence, it is important, on the basis of experience and utilization, not to separate strength from the method of specimen manufacture. Table 7 — Compressive strength classification Minimum Rc in MPa for cylinders of slenderness ratio 2a Minimum Rc in MPa for cylinders of slenderness ratio 1a and cubes Rc Category 0,15 0,2 C0,15/0,2 0,4 0,5 C0,4/0,5 0,8 1 C0,8/1 1,2 1,5 C1,2/1,5 1,5 2 C1,5/2 2 2,5 C2/2,5 2,3 3 C2,3/3 3 4 C3/4 4 5 C4/5 5 6 C5/6 6 8 C6/8 8 10 C8/10 9 12 C9/12 Declared value Declared value CDV a If cylinders with slenderness ratios other than 1 or 2 are used, then the correlation with cylinders of either slenderness ratio 1 or 2 shall be established before use, except for Proctor cylinders of slenderness ratio 1,2 and 0,83, which shall be considered equal to slenderness ratio 1. 8.4 Classification by tensile strength and modulus of elasticity (Rt, E) 8.4.1 General — The class of Rt, E shall be selected from Figure 1. — The age of classification and curing conditions for the specimens shall be specified in accordance with practice at the place of use. — For characterization or mixture design testing in the laboratory, Rt and E shall be the average result from at least three specimens. If one value varies by more than 20 % of the average, it shall be discarded and Rt and E taken as the average of the other values. — Rt and E shall be established using one of the equivalent methods described in 8.4.2 to 8.4.4. NOTE For information, Annex A gives examples of age of classification and curing regimes. SIST EN 14227-15:2016
EN 14227-15:2015 (E) 13 8.4.2 Method by direct tensile testing Rt shall be determined in accordance with EN 13286-40. E shall be determined in direct tension Et in accordance with EN 13286-43. Specimens shall be manufactured using vibrocompression in accordance with EN 13286-52. 8.4.3 Method by indirect tensile testing — Rt shall be derived from Rit determined in accordance with EN 13286-42 using the relationship Rt = 0,8 Rit. — E shall be derived from Eit (E measured in indirect tension) determined in accordance with EN 13286-43 using the relationship E = Eit. — Specimens shall be manufactured using: — Proctor compaction for both in accordance with EN 13286-50, or — vibrating hammer for both in accordance with EN 13286-51, or — vibrocompression for both in accordance with EN 13286-52, or — axial compression for both in accordance with EN 13286-53. NOTE The permitted methods of specimen manufacture produce different specimen shapes and density, and thus for the same mixture, different strengths. Hence, it is important, on the basis of experience and utilization, not to separate strength from the method of specimen manufacture. 8.4.4 Method by indirect tensile and compression testing — Rt shall be derived from Rit determined in accordance with EN 13286-42 using the relationship Rt = 0,8 Rit. — E shall be derived from Ec (E measured in compression) determined in accordance with EN 13286-43 using the relationship E = Ec. — Specimens shall be manufactured using: — Proctor compaction for both in accordance with EN 13286-50, or — vibrating hammer for both in accordance with EN 13286-51, or — vibrocompression for both in accordance with EN 13286-52, or — axial compression for both in accordance with EN 13286-53. NOTE The permitted methods of specimen manufacture produce different specimen shapes and density, and thus for the same mixture, different strengths. Hence, it is important, on the basis of experience and utilization, not to separate strength from the method of specimen manufacture. SIST EN 14227-15:2016
EN 14227-15:2015 (E) 14 9 Resistance to water and other requirements for the mixture 9.1 Resistance to water 9.1.1 General When required, resistance
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