SIST EN 60613:1995
(Main)Electrical, thermal and loading characteristics of rotating anode X-ray tubes for medical diagnosis
Electrical, thermal and loading characteristics of rotating anode X-ray tubes for medical diagnosis
This second, updated edition deals with electrical, thermal and loading characteristics of rotating anode X-ray tubes and X-ray tube assemblies intended for use in medical diagnosis, concerning their behaviour during and after energization.
Elektrische, thermische und Belastungs-Kennwerte von Drehanoden-Röntgenröhren für die medizinische Diagnostik
Caractéristiques électriques, thermiques et de charge des tubes radiogènes à anode tournante pour diagnostic médical
Traite des caractéristiques électriques, thermiques et de charge des tubes radiogènes à anode tournante et des gaines équipées prévus pour l'utilisation dans le diagnostic médical concernant leur comportement pendant et après la mise sous tension.
Electrical, thermal and loading characteristics of rotating anode X ray tubes for medical diagnosis
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SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 60613:1995
01-maj-1995
Electrical, thermal and loading characteristics of rotating anode X ray tubes for
medical diagnosis
Electrical, thermal and loading characteristics of rotating anode X-ray tubes for medical
diagnosis
Elektrische, thermische und Belastungs-Kennwerte von Drehanoden-Röntgenröhren für
die medizinische Diagnostik
Caractéristiques électriques, thermiques et de charge des tubes radiogènes à anode
tournante pour diagnostic médical
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 60613:1990
ICS:
11.040.50 Radiografska oprema Radiographic equipment
SIST EN 60613:1995 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 60613:1995
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SIST EN 60613:1995
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SIST EN 60613:1995
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SIST EN 60613:1995
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SIST EN 60613:1995
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SIST EN 60613:1995
NORME
CEI
INTERNATIONALE IEC
613
INTERNATIONAL
Deuxième édition
STANDARD
Second edition
1989-04
Caractéristiques électriques, thermiques et de
tournante
charge des tubes radiogènes à anode
pour diagnostic médical
Electrical, thermal and loading characteristics of
rotating anode X-ray tubes for medical diagnosis
© CEI 1989 Droits réservés — Copyright - all rights reserved
de reproduction
Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized
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électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les including photocopying and microfilm, without permission
microfilms, sans l'accord écrit l'éditeur. in writing from the publisher
de
Bureau central de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale 3, rue de Varembé Genève Suisse
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N
International Electrotechnical Commission PRICE CODE
IEC
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Pour prix, voir catalogue en vigueur
•
For price, see current catalogue
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SIST EN 60613:1995
613©IEC -3
CONTENTS
Page
FOREWORD 5
PREFACE 5
Clause
1. Scope and object 7
1.1 Scope 7
1.2 Object 7
2. Introduction 7
Terminology 7
3.
3.1 Degree of requirements 7
3.2 Definitions 7
X-RAY TUBE 7
4. Electrical characteristics of an
4.1 X-ray tube voltage 7
4.2 Nominal X-ray tube voltage 9
9
4.3 Limited X-ray tube voltage
9
4.4 X-ray tube current
9
4.5 Cathode emission characteristic
11 5. LOADING Of an X-RAY TUBE
11
5.1 Loading
11
5.2 X-ray tube load
11
5.3 Loading factor
11
5.4 Loading time
13
6. Input power
13
6.1 Anode input power
13 6.2 Nominal anode input power
13
6.3 Equivalent anode input power
15 6.4 X-ray tube assembly input power
15
ANODE 7. Thermal characteristics of an
15
7.1 Anode heat content
15
7.2 Maximum anode heat content
15
7.3 Anode heating curve
17
7.4 Anode cooling curve
17
7.5 Verification
19
X-RAY TUBE ASSEMBLY 8. Thermal characteristics of an
19
8.1 X-ray tube assembly heat content
19 8.2 Maximum X-ray tube assembly heat content
21 8.3 X-ray tube assembly heating curve
21
8.4 X-ray tube assembly cooling curve
21 8.5 Maximum continuous heat dissipation
23
RADIOGRAPHIC RATINGS of an X-RAY TUBE 9.
23
9.1 Single load rating
23 9.2 Serial load rating
25
9.3 Decreasing input power rating
25 Table 1 - List of the characteristic quantities and their units
27
ANNEX A - Terminology
29 ANNEX B - Guidance on type testing
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SIST EN 60613:1995
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613©IEC
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
ELECTRICAL, THERMAL AND LOADING CHARACTERISTICS OF
ROTATING ANODE X-RAY TUBES FOR MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS
FOREWORD
1) The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters, prepared by Technical Committees on which all the
National Committees having a special interest therein are represented, express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the subjects dealt with.
2) They have the form of recommendations for international use and they are accepted by the National Committees in that
sense.
3) In order to promote international unification, the IEC expresses the wish that all National Committees should adopt the
text of the IEC recommendation for their national rules in so far as national conditions will permit. Any divergence
between the IEC recommendation and the corresponding national rules should, as far as possible, be clearly indicated in
the latter.
PREFACE
This Standard has been prepared by Sub-Committee 62B: X-ray equipment operating up to
400 kV and accessories, of IEC Technical Committee No. 62: Electrical equipment in medical
practice.
This second edition of IEC Publication 613 replaces the first edition, issued in 1978.
The text of this Standard is based on the following documents:
Report on Voting
Six Months' Rule Report on Voting Two Months' Procedure
62B(CO)74 62B(CO)79 62B(CO)82
62B(CO)69
Full information on the voting for the approval of this Standard can be found in the Voting
Reports indicated in the above table.
The following IEC publications are quoted in this Standard:
Publications Nos. 601-1 (1977): Safety of medical electrical equipment, Pa rt 1: General requirements.
601-1 (1988): Medical electrical equipment, Pa rt 1: General requirements for safety.
601-2-7 (1987): Pa rt 2: Particular requirements for the safety of high-voltage generators of diagnostic
X-ray generators.
613 (1978): Electrical thermal and loading characteristics of rotating anode X-ray tubes for
medical diagnosis.
788 (1984): Medical radiology — Terminology.
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SIST EN 60613:1995
613©IEC — 7 —
ELECTRICAL, THERMAL AND LOADING CHARACTERISTICS OF
ROTATING ANODE X-RAY TUBES FOR MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS
1. Scope and object
1.1 Scope
and
This International Standard applies to ROTATING ANODE X-RAY TUBES X-RAY TUBE
ASSEMBLIES intended for use in medical diagnosis.
1.2 Object
This International Standard covers definitions of electrical, thermal and loading character-
istics of the devices with relation to their behaviour during and after energization and, where
appropriate, methods of presentation, determination and verification of these characteristics.
2.
Introduction
This International Standard is intended to provide a common basis for the indication of
data on ROTATING ANODE X-RAY TUBES and X-RAY TUBE ASSEMBLIES and to facilitate the
application of RADIOGRAPHIC RATINGS by the user, basing these on standardized conditions
as given in the ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTS.
3. Terminology
3.1 Degree of requirements
In this International Standard the auxiliary verb
implies that compliance with a requirement is mandatory for compliance with
—"shall"
the standard;
— implies that compliance with a requirement is strongly recommended but is
"should"
not mandatory for compliance with the standard;
—"may" implies that compliance with a requirement is permitted to be accomplished in
a particular manner, for compliance with the standard.
3.2 Definitions
Definitions of terms printed in small capital letters and not contained in this International
Standard are used as given in IEC 788: Medical Radiology — Terminology, first edition 1984.
See annex A, Terminology.
The numbering rm-.-. in the sub-clauses headed "Definition" refers to IEC 788.
Note. — The French terms in Sub-clauses 7.2, 8.1 and 8.2 and the definitions in Sub-clauses 4.4.1 and 6.2.1 deviate
from those given in IEC 788, which latter will be revised accordingly.
4. Electrical characteristics of an X-RAY TUBE
4.1 X-ray tube voltage
4.1.1 Definition rm-36-02
Potential difference applied to an X-RAY TUBE between the ANODE and the CATHODE.
4.1.2
Units
X-RAY TUBE VOLTAGE shall be given as the peak value, in KILOVOLTS.
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SIST EN 60613:1995
613©IEC — 9 —
4.2
Nominal X-ray tube voltage
4.2.1
Definition rm-36-03
Highest permitted X-RAY TUBE VOLTAGE for specific operating conditions.
4.2.2 Units
shall be given as the peak value, in KILOVOLTS.
NOMINAL X-RAY TUBE VOLTAGE
4.2.3
Presentation of data
Values shall be given for the maximum permitted X-RAY TUBE VOLTAGE between
— ANODE and CATHODE.
Values may be given for the highest permitted potential difference between
— ANODE and earth
and between
— CATHODE and earth.
Unless otherwise specified, the above values are valid for all specified operating conditions.
Notes 1. — For different operating conditions of the X-RAY TUBE, for example continuous operation, intermittent
operation, short-time operation, there may be different values of the above NOMINAL X-RAY TUBE
VOLTAGE.
2. — In some cases the value of the NOMINAL X-RAY TUBE VOLTAGE during on-load conditions (which charac-
RADIATION ENERGY of the emitted X-RADIATION) and the value during off-load
terizes essentially the
conditions may be different.
4.3 Limited X-ray tube voltage
4.3.1 Definition rm-36-04
In an X-RAY INSTALLATION, a NOMINAL X-RAY TUBE VOLTAGE limited for a particular
combination.
4.4 X-ray tube current
4.4.1 Definition (rm-36-07; see also 3.2)
Electric current through an X-RAY TUBE.
Unless otherwise specified, values of X-RAY TUBE CURRENT
correspond to the electron
beam reaching the TARGET of the X-RAY TUBE.
4.4.2 Units
MILLIAMPERES.
X-RAY TUBE CURRENT shall be given as the average value in
4.5 Cathode emission characteristic
4.5.1 Definition rm-36-20
X-RAY TUBE CURRENT on variables, for example FILAMENT CURRENT,
Dependence of the
X-RAY TUBE VOLTAGE.
4.5.2
Presentation of data
CATHODE EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS are given as a family of curves in which the X-RAY
TUBE CURRENT is shown as a function of the FILAMENT CURRENT and, if appropriate, of
further relevant characteristics of the CATHODE, each curve corresponding to an X-RAY TUBE
VOLTAGE and a PERCENTAGE MODULATION of stated value and waveform, and other factors
as appropriate. In addition, the relationship between FILAMENT CURRENT and filament
voltage shall be indicated and, if appropriate, also its dependence on other characteristics of
the CATHODE.
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SIST EN 60613:1995
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613 0c IEC
5. LOADING of an X-RAY TUBE
5.1 Loading
5.1.1 Definition rm-36-09
X-RAY GENERATOR, act of supplying electrical energy to the ANODE of an X-RAY
In an
TUBE.
5.2 X-ray tube load
5.2.1 Definition rm-36-21
-RAY TUBE expressed by a combination of values of
Electrical energy supplied to an X
LOADING FACTORS.
5.2.2 Presentation of data
X-RAY TUBE LOAD shall be specified by giving, for each energy
Where appropriate, the total
LOADING FACTORS.
level, sufficient values of the appropriate
5.3 Loading factor
5.3.1 Definition rm-36-01
X-RAY TUBE LOAD, for example X-RAY TUBE CURRENT,
Factor influencing by its value the
LOADING TIME, EQUIVALENT ANODE INPUT POWER, X-RAY TUBE VOLTAGE and PERCENTAGE
RIPPLE.
5.4 Loading time
5.4.1 Definition rm-36-10
ANODE INPUT POWER is
Time, determined according to a specific method, during which the
applied to the X-RAY TUBE.
5.4.2 Units
The LOADING TIME shall be given in SECONDS.
5.4.3 Determination (see IEC 601-2-7, Sub-clause 50.106.3)
Generally the LOADING TIME shall be determined as the time interval between:
the time that the potential difference in the high-voltage circuit has risen the first time to a
—
value above 65%, but not higher than 85%, of the peak value and
— the time at which it finally drops below the same value.
For systems incorporating electronic control in the high-voltage circuit by means of a grid
in an electronic tube or in the X-RAY TUBE, the LOADING TIME may be determined as the time
interval between the instant the timing device generates the signal to start the LOADING and
LOADING.
the instant it generates the signal to terminate the
TWO PEAK HIGH-VOLTAGE GENERATORS, instead of LOADING TIME the
In ONE and
IRRADIATION TIME may be determined by measuring the number of cycles or half cycles in
which a significant quantity of X-RADIATION is produced. In this case the method used
ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTS.
shall be described in the
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SIST EN 60613:1995
613 COIEC — 13 —
6. Input power
6.1 Anode input power
6.1.1 Definition rm-36-22
ANODE of an X-RAY TUBE to produce X-RADIATION.
Power applied to the
6.1.2 Units
shall be given in WATTS for specified conditions of LOADING.
ANODE INPUT POWER
6.2 Nominal anode input power
6.2.1 Definition (rm-36-23; see also 3.2)
that can be applied for a single X-RAY TUBE LOAD in
Highest constant ANODE INPUT POWER
and under specified conditions.
a specific LOADING TIME
6.2.2 Units
NOMINAL ANODE INPUT POWER shall be given in WATTS.
6.2.3 Determination
If NOMINAL ANODE INPUT POWER is specified, it shall be given by the constant value which
can be applied for a single X-RAY TUBE LOAD in a LOADING TIME of 0,1 s for a specified value
according to the SINGLE
of EQUIVALENT ANODE INPUT POWER or ANODE HEAT CONTENT
LOAD RATINGS.
6.2.4
Statement of compliance
NOMINAL ANODE INPUT POWER, compliance with this International
If for a value of
Standard is to be stated, this shall be indicated as follows, as appropriate:
Nominal anode input power.** kW IEC 613/1989*
for the equivalent anode input power of.** W
or
Nominal anode input power.** kW IEC 613/1989
for the anode heat content of.** J
6.3 Equivalent anode input power
6.3.1 Definition rm-36-24
which, if applied continuously under specified ambient
Value of ANODE INPUT POWER
conditions, would maintain a specific level of ANODE HEAT CONTENT.
6.3.2 Units
EQUIVALENT ANODE INPUT POWER shall be given in WATTS.
* Reference to the obsolete first edition, IEC 613/1978, is technically equivalent and in compliance with this Inter-
national Standard.
** Numerical value.
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SIST EN 60613:1995
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613 COIEC
Determination
6.3.3
EQUIVALENT ANODE INPUT POWER
With respect to RADIOGRAPHIC RATINGS, the specified
shall be that power which maintains the highest level of initial ANODE HEAT CONTENT for
is valid.
which the RADIOGRAPHIC RATING
X-ray tube assembly input power
6.4
6.4.1 Definition rm-36-25
X-RAY TUBE ASSEMBLY for all purposes before, during and after
Mean power applied to an
ROTATING ANODE X-RAY TUBE, to the
including power applied to the stator of a
LOADING,
X-RAY TUBE ASSEMBLY.
filament, and to any other device included in the
6.4.2 Units
WATTS.
X-RAY TUBE ASSEMBLY INPUT POWER shall be given in
7. Thermal characteristics of an ANODE
7.1 Anode heat content
7.1.1 Definition rm-36-26
X-RAY TUBE accumulated
Instantaneous value of the heat contained in the ANODE of an
during, or retained after, LOADINGS.
7.1.2 Units
shall be given in JOULES.
ANODE HEAT CONTENT
7.2
Maximum anode heat content
7.2.1 Definition rm-36-27
ANODE HEAT CONTENT.
Maximum permissible
7.2.2 Units
JOULES.
MAXIMUM ANODE HEAT CONTENT shall be given in
7.2.3 Presentation of data
shall be given for which the ANODE
Combinations of specified values of LOADING FACTORS
MAXIMUM ANODE HEAT CONTENT.
HEAT CONTENT is equal to the
7.3 Anode heating curve
7.3.1 Definition rm-36-28
as a function of LOADING TIME for specified
Curve showing the ANODE HEAT CONTENT
ANODE INPUT POWER.
should start from a value of ANODE HEAT CONTENT corre-
ANODE HEATING CURVES
sponding to a temperature between 20°C and 25 °C.
data
7.3.2 Presentation of
shall be curves plotted with values of ANODE HEAT CONTENT as
ANODE HEATING CURVES
ANODE INPUT
as abscissae, for various values of constant
ordinates and LOADING TIME
POWER.
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SIST EN 60613:1995
613 © IEC — 17 —
7.4 Anode cooling curve
7.4.1 Definition rm-36-29
ANODE INPUT
ANODE HEAT CONTENT as a function of time with zero
Curve showing the
is equal to the MAXIMUM
POWER, beginning after a LOADING when the ANODE HEAT CONTENT
ANODE HEAT CONTENT.
7.4.2
Presentation of data
ANODE HEAT CONTENT
An ANODE COOLING CURVE shall be a curve plotted with values of
as ordinates and of time as abscissae.
7.5
Verification
ANODE may be verified by operating the X-RAY TUBE in a
The thermal characteristics of an
specified enclosure as follows, using LOADING FACTORS given in the ACCOMPANYING DOCU-
MENTS:
LOADING FACTORS so that the
a) Supply energy to the X-RAY-TUBE in accordance with the
MAXIMUM ANODE HEAT CONTENT Hat time t1.
ANODE HEAT CONTENT reaches the
b) Terminate energy supply at time t1.
MAXIMUM ANODE HEAT
CONTENT H
3 h>>0,9H-
z
r
^
z
o
U
F-
LU
O
O
z
ti t2 t3
Time
048/89
Figure 1 — Verification of the MAXIMUM ANOD
...
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