SIST ISO 19143:2010
(Main)Geographic information - Filter encoding
Geographic information - Filter encoding
This International Standard describes an XML and KVP encoding of a system neutral syntax for expressing projections, selection and sorting clauses collectively called a query expression. These components are modular and intended to be used together or individually by other standards which reference this International Standard. EXAMPLE 1 ISO 19142 makes use of some or all of these components. This International Standard defines an abstract component, named AbstractQueryExpression, from which other specifications can subclass concrete query elements to implement query operations. This International Standard also defines an additional abstract query component, named AbstractAdhocQueryExpresison, which is derived from AbstractQueryExpression and from which other specifications can subclass concrete query elements which follow the following query pattern: An abstract query element from which service specifications can subclass a concrete query element that implements a query operation that allows a client to specify a list of resource types, an optional projection clause, an optional selection clause, and an optional sorting clause to query a subset of resources that satisfy the selection clause. This pattern is referred to as an ad hoc query pattern since the server is not aware of the query until it is submitted for processing. This is in contrast to a stored query expression, which is stored and can be invoked by name or identifier. This International Standard also describes an XML and KVP encoding of a system-neutral representation of a select clause. The XML representation is easily validated, parsed and transformed into a server-specific language required to retrieve or modify object instances stored in some persistent object store. EXAMPLE 2 An XML encoded filter can be transformed into a WHERE clause for a SQL SELECT statement to fetch data stored in a SQL-based relational database. Similarly, and XML encoded filter expression can be transformed into an XPath or XPointer expression for fetching data from XML documents. This International Standard defines the XML encoding for the following predicates. a) A standard set of logical predicates: and, or and not. b) A standard set of comparison predicates: equal to, not equal to, less than, less than or equal to, greater than, greater than or equal to, like, is null and between. c) A standard set of spatial predicates: equal, disjoint, touches, within, overlaps, crosses, intersects, contains, within a specified distance, beyond a specified distance and BBOX. d) A standard set of temporal predicates: after, before, begins, begun by, contains, during, ends, equals, meets, met by, overlaps and overlapped by. e) A predicate to test whether the identifier of an object matches the specified value. This International Standard defines the XML encoding of metadata that allows a service to declare which conformance classes, predicates, operators, operands and functions it supports. This metadata is referred to as Filter Capabilities.
Information Géographique - Codage de filtres
L'ISO 19143:2010 d�crit un encodage en XML et KVP d'une syntaxe neutre de syst�me destin� � exprimer des clauses de projection, de s�lection et de tri collectivement appel�es expression d'interrogation.
Ces composants sont modulaires et destin�s � �tre utilis�s ensemble ou individuellement par d'autres normes que celles qui r�f�rencent l'ISO 19143:2010.
L'ISO 19143:2010 d�finit un composant abstrait, nomm� AbstractQueryExpression, � partir duquel d'autres sp�cifications peuvent sous-classer des �l�ments d'interrogation concrets pour mettre en ?uvre des op�rations d'interrogation.
L'ISO 19143:2010 d�finit �galement un composant d'interrogation abstrait suppl�mentaire, nomm� AbstractAdhocQueryExpression, qui est d�riv� du composant AbstractQueryExpression et � partir duquel d'autres sp�cifications peuvent sous-classer des �l�ments d'interrogation concrets qui suivent le mod�le d'interrogation suivant:
Un �l�ment d'interrogation abstrait � partir duquel des sp�cifications de service peuvent sous-classer un �l�ment d'interrogation concret mettant en oeuvre une op�ration d'interrogation permettant � un client de sp�cifier une liste de types de ressources, une clause de projection optionnelle, une clause de s�lection optionnelle et une clause de tri optionnelle afin d'interroger un sous-ensemble de ressources qui satisfont � la clause de s�lection.
Ce mod�le est d�sign� comme �tant un mod�le d'interrogation ad hoc du fait que le serveur n'est pas inform� de l'interrogation jusqu'� ce qu'elle lui soit soumise pour traitement. Cela s'oppose � une expression d'interrogation m�moris�e, qui est m�moris�e et peut �tre appel�e par un nom ou un identifiant.
L'ISO 19143:2010 d�crit �galement un encodage en XML et en KVP d'une repr�sentation neutre de syst�me d'une clause de s�lection. La repr�sentation XML est facilement valid�e, analys�e et transform�e en un langage sp�cifique au serveur requis pour r�cup�rer ou modifier des instances d'objets m�moris�es dans certains stockages d'objets permanents.
L'ISO 19143:2010 d�finit l'encodage en XML pour les pr�dicats suivants: un ensemble standard de pr�dicats logiques: and, or and not (et, ou et non); un ensemble standard de pr�dicats de comparaison: equal to, not equal to, less than, less than or equal to, greater than, greater than or equal to, like, is null and between (�gal �, pas �gal �, inf�rieur �, inf�rieur ou �gal �, sup�rieur �, sup�rieur ou �gal �, comme, est nul et entre); un ensemble standard de pr�dicats spatiaux: equal, disjoint, touches, within, overlaps, crosses, intersects, contains, within a specified distance, beyond a specified distance and BBOX (�gal, disjoint, touche, dans, chevauche, croise, intersecte, contient, � une distance sp�cifi�e, au-del� d'une distance sp�cifi�e et bo�te englobante); un ensemble standard de pr�dicats temporels: after, before, begins, begun by, contains, during, ends, equals, meets, met by, overlaps and overlapped by (apr�s, avant, commence, commenc� par, contient, pendant, se termine, �gal �, satisfait, satisfait par, chevauche et chevauch� par); et un pr�dicat pour v�rifier si l'identifiant d'un objet correspond � la valeur sp�cifi�e.
L'ISO 19143:2010 d�finit l'encodage en XML des m�tadonn�es qui permettent � un service de d�clarer les classes de conformit�, les pr�dicats, les op�rateurs, les op�randes et les fonctions qu'il prend en charge. Ces m�tadonn�es sont d�sign�es par le terme Capacit�s de filtre.
Geografske informacije - Kodiranje s filtrom
Ta mednarodni standard opisuje XMl- in KVP-kodiranje sistema nevtralne sintakse za izražanje napovedi, izbire in razvrščanje stavkov, skupaj imenovanih poizvedba. Te komponente so modularne in se skupaj ali posamično uporabijo v drugih standardih, ki se sklicujejo na ta mednarodni standard. PRIMER 1: ISO 19142 uporablja nekatere ali vse te komponente. Ta mednarodni standard opredeljuje abstraktno komponento, imenovano AbstractQueryExpression (abstraktna poizvedba), iz katere lahko druge specifikacije porazdelijo konkretne poizvedbene elemente v podrazrede za izvajanje poizvedbenih operacij. Ta mednarodni standard prav tako opredeljuje dodatno abstraktno poizvedbeno komponento, imenovano AbstractAdhocQueryExpresison (abstraktna ad hoc poizvedba), iz katere lahko druge specifikacije porazdelijo konkretne poizvedbene elemente v podrazrede, ki sledijo naslednjemu poizvedbenemu vzorcu: abstraktni poizvedbeni element, iz katerega lahko specifikacije storitev porazdelijo v podrazrede konkretne poizvedbene elemente, ki izvajajo poizvedbeno operacijo, katera omogoča stranki, da navede seznam vrst virov, izbirno napovedno klavzulo, izbirno klavzulo za izbor in izbirno klavzulo za razvrščanje za poizvedbo podsklopa virov, ki zadosti izborni klavzuli. Ta vzorec se navaja kot ad hoc poizvedbeni vzorec, ker strežnik ni seznanjen s poizvedbo, dokler ni predložena v obdelavo. To je v nasprotju s shranjeno poizvedbo, ki je shranjena in se lahko uveljavi z imenom ali označbo. Ta mednarodni standard prav tako opisuje XML- in KVP-kodiranje sistemsko nevtralne predstavitve izbrane klavzule. Predstavitev XML se zlahka potrdi, razčleni in pretvori v strežniško specifičen jezik, ki je potreben, da se ponovno pridobi ali spremeni primerke predmeta, shranjene v nekem obstojnem pomnilniku predmetov. PRIMER 2: XML-kodiran filter se lahko pretvori v KJE-klavzulo za izjavo SQL IZBERI za pridobitev podatkov, shranjenih v relacijski podatkovni bazi, osnovani na SQL. Podobno se lahko XML-kodiran izraz za filtriranje pretvori v izraz XPath ali XPointer za pridobitve podatkov iz XML-dokumentov. Ta mednarodni standard opredeljuje XML-kodiranje za naslednje predikate: a) Standardni sklop logičnih predikatov: in, ali ter ne. b) Standardni sklop primerjalnih predikatov: enak, neenak, manj kot, manj kot ali enak, večji kot, večji kot ali enak, kot, je nič in vmes. c) Standardni sklop prostorkih predikatov: enak, razčlenjen, se dotika, znotraj, se prekriva, prečka, seka, vsebuje, znotraj določene razdalje, zunaj določene razdalje in BBOX. d) Standardni sklop začasnih predikatov: po, pred, se začne, se je začel s/z, vsebuje, med, se konča, je enak, se ujema, se je ujemal s/z, se prekriva, se je prekrival s/z. e) Predikat za preskus, ali se označba predmeta ujema z določeno vrednostjo. Ta mednarodni standard opredeljuje XML-kodiranje metapodatkov, ki omogoča storitev, ki navaja, katere razrede skladnosti, predikatov, operacij, operandov in funkcij podpira. Ti metapodatki se navajajo kot zmožnosti filtriranja.
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19143
First edition
2010-10-15
Geographic information — Filter
encoding
Information géographique — Codage de filtres
Reference number
ISO 19143:2010(E)
©
ISO 2010
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ISO 19143:2010(E)
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ii © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved
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ISO 19143:2010(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Conformance .2
3 Normative references.3
4 Terms and definitions .3
5 Conventions.6
5.1 Abbreviated terms .6
5.2 UML notation.7
5.3 Use of examples .8
5.4 Namespaces.8
5.5 KVP-encoded parameter lists .8
5.6 XML Schema fragments.9
6 Query expressions .9
6.1 General .9
6.2 Abstract query expressions .9
6.3 Ad hoc query expression.10
7 Filter.13
7.1 General considerations.13
7.2 Encoding .14
7.3 Expressions .14
7.4 Value references.15
7.5 Literals.17
7.6 Functions.18
7.7 Comparison operators.19
7.8 Spatial operators .22
7.9 Temporal operators.26
7.10 Logical operators .28
7.11 Object identifiers .30
7.12 Extensions .31
7.13 Filter capabilities .33
7.14 Encoding .35
8 Sorting .42
8.1 General considerations.42
8.2 Encoding .42
8.3 Exceptions .43
Annex A (normative) Conformance testing.44
Annex B (informative) Filter schema definitions .48
Annex C (informative) Examples .60
Annex D (informative) EBNF for XPath subset .80
Annex E (informative) Abstract model.81
Bibliography.82
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ISO 19143:2010(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 19143 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics, in
collaboration with the Open Geospatial Consortium Inc. (OGC).
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ISO 19143:2010(E)
Introduction
Filter encoding was originated within the OGC.
A fundamental operation performed on a set of data or resources is that of querying in order to obtain a subset
of the data which contains certain desired information that satisfies some query criteria and which is also,
perhaps, sorted in some specified manner.
The term “projection clause” is used to describe an encoding for specifying which subset of resource
properties are presented in the response to a query.
The term “filter or selection clause” is used to describe an encoding of predicates which are typically used in
query operations to specify how data instances in a source dataset should be filtered to produce a result set.
Each data instance in the source set is evaluated using the filter expression. The overall filter expression
always evaluates to true or false. If the expression evaluates to true, the data instance satisfies the expression
and is marked as being in the result set. If the overall filter expression evaluates to false, the data instance is
not in the result set. Thus, the net effect of evaluating a filter expression is a set of data or resource identifiers
which satisfy the predicates in the expression.
The term “sorting clause” is used to describe an encoding for specifying how the data in a response is ordered
prior to being presented.
Such encodings are considered system neutral because using the numerous XML tools available today, XML
encoded projection, selection and sorting clauses can be easily validated, parsed and then transformed into
whatever target query language is required to retrieve or modify resources stored in some persistent object
store. For example an XML encoded query composed of a projection, selection and sorting clauses can be
transformed into a SQL “SELECT … FROM … WHERE … ORDER BY …” statement to fetch data stored in a
SQL-based relational database. Similarly, the same XML encoded query expression can just as easily be
transformed into an XQuery expression in order to retrieve data from XML document.
The XML and KVP encodings of projection, selection and sorting clauses described in this International
Standard are common components which can be used together or as individually by a number of web
services. Any service that requires the ability to query objects from a web-accessible repository can make use
of the XML and KVP encodings of a query expression described in this International Standard. For example
the GetFeature operation, defined in ISO 19142, uses the elements derived from definitions in this
International Standard to encode query expressions.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19143:2010(E)
Geographic information — Filter encoding
1 Scope
This International Standard describes an XML and KVP encoding of a system neutral syntax for expressing
projections, selection and sorting clauses collectively called a query expression.
These components are modular and intended to be used together or individually by other standards which
reference this International Standard.
EXAMPLE 1 ISO 19142 makes use of some or all of these components.
This International Standard defines an abstract component, named AbstractQueryExpression, from which
other specifications can subclass concrete query elements to implement query operations.
This International Standard also defines an additional abstract query component, named
AbstractAdhocQueryExpresison, which is derived from AbstractQueryExpression and from which other
specifications can subclass concrete query elements which follow the following query pattern:
An abstract query element from which service specifications can subclass a concrete query element that
implements a query operation that allows a client to specify a list of resource types, an optional projection
clause, an optional selection clause, and an optional sorting clause to query a subset of resources that
satisfy the selection clause.
This pattern is referred to as an ad hoc query pattern since the server is not aware of the query until it is
submitted for processing. This is in contrast to a stored query expression, which is stored and can be invoked
by name or identifier.
This International Standard also describes an XML and KVP encoding of a system-neutral representation of a
select clause. The XML representation is easily validated, parsed and transformed into a server-specific
language required to retrieve or modify object instances stored in some persistent object store.
EXAMPLE 2 An XML encoded filter can be transformed into a WHERE clause for a SQL SELECT statement to fetch
data stored in a SQL-based relational database. Similarly, and XML encoded filter expression can be transformed into an
XPath or XPointer expression for fetching data from XML documents.
This International Standard defines the XML encoding for the following predicates.
a) A standard set of logical predicates: and, or and not.
b) A standard set of comparison predicates: equal to, not equal to, less than, less than or equal to, greater
than, greater than or equal to, like, is null and between.
c) A standard set of spatial predicates: equal, disjoint, touches, within, overlaps, crosses, intersects,
contains, within a specified distance, beyond a specified distance and BBOX.
d) A standard set of temporal predicates: after, before, begins, begun by, contains, during, ends, equals,
meets, met by, overlaps and overlapped by.
e) A predicate to test whether the identifier of an object matches the specified value.
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ISO 19143:2010(E)
This International Standard defines the XML encoding of metadata that allows a service to declare which
conformance classes, predicates, operators, operands and functions it supports. This metadata is referred to
as Filter Capabilities.
2 Conformance
Few usage scenarios require the full implementation of this International Standard to work. Therefore, service
providers may want to specify requirements for only the subset needed to fulfil their service. Or system
developers may want to document which subset of this International Standard it is that that they have
implemented and conform to. These named conformance classes help in specifying such subsets.
This International Standard defines conformance classes based on the operations and behaviour that a filter
encoding service claims to implement. Table 1 indicates which behaviour shall be implemented for each of the
conformance classes. The described behaviour shall be implemented for the corresponding conformance
class, and the name of the paragraph of the actual detailed abstract test suite in Annex A.
Table 1 — FE conformance classes
Subclause of
Conformance class name Operation or behaviour the abstract test
suite
Query A.1
Service that references this International Standard materializes a concrete query
element that is substitutable for fes:AbstractQueryElement.
Ad hoc Query Service that references this International Standard materializes a concrete query A.2
element that is substitutable for fes:AbstractAdhocQueryElement and
materializes a concrete selection clause element that is substitutable for
fes:AbstractSelectionClause and materializes a concrete projection clause
element that is substitutable for fes:AbstractProjectionClause and materializes a
concrete sorting clause element that is substitutable for
fes:AbstractSortingClause.
Functions Implements functions that are in addition to the operators defined in this A.3
International Standard.
Resource Identification Implements the ResourceId operator with the rid parameter to allow predicates to A.4
be written that allow a specific resource to be queried.
Minimum Standard Filter A.5
Implements the comparison operators: PropertyIsEqualTo,
PropertyIsNotEqualTo, PropertyIsLessThan, PropertyIsGreaterThan,
PropertyIsLessThanOrEqualTo, PropertyIsGreaterThanOrEqualTo. Implements
the logical operators. Does not implement any additional functions.
Standard Filter A.6
Implements all the comparison and logical operators and may implement one or
more additional functions.
Minimum Spatial Filter Implements only the BBOX spatial operator. A.7
Spatial Filter Implements the BBOX spatial operator and one or more of the other spatial A.8
operators.
Minimum Temporal Filter Implements only the During temporal operator. A.9
Temporal Filter Implements the During temporal operator and one or more of the other temporal A.10
operators.
Version navigation A.11
Implements ResourceId operator with the parameters that allow versions of
resources to be queried (version, startTime, endTime).
Sorting Implements sorting of the resources in a response. A.12
Extended Operators Implements additional operators not defined in this International Standard. A.13
Minimum XPath Implements the minimum required set of XPath capabilities. A.14
Schema Element Function Implements the schema-element() XPath function. A.15
Other standards that include this International Standard shall declare what constitutes a “minimum” filter by
declaring the minimum set of conformance classes from Table 1 that shall be implemented.
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ISO 19143:2010(E)
3 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 19108:2002, Geographic information — Temporal schema
ISO 19125-1:2004, Geographic information — Simple feature access — Part 1: Common architecture
ISO 19136:2007, Geographic information — Geography Markup Language (GML)
IETF RFC 2396, Uniform Resource Identifiers (URN): Generic Syntax (August 1998)
OGC 06-121r3, OGC Web Services Common Specification, OGC® Implementation Specification
(9 February 2009)
W3C XML, Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Third edition), W3C Recommendation (4 February 2004)
W3C XML, Namespaces, Namespaces in XML, W3C Recommendation (14 January 1999)
W3C XML, Path Language, XML Path Language (XPath) 2.0, W3C Recommendation (23 January 2007)
W3C XML, Schema Part 1, XML Schema Part 1: Structures, W3C Recommendation (2 May 2001)
W3C XML, Schema Part 2, XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes, W3C Recommendation (2 May 2001)
4 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
4.1
attribute
〈XML〉 name-value pair contained in an element
[ISO 19136:2007, definition 4.1.3]
NOTE In this International Standard, an attribute is an XML attribute unless otherwise specified.
4.2
client
software component that can invoke an operation from a server
[ISO 19128:2005, definition 4.1]
4.3
coordinate
one of a sequence of n numbers designating the position of a point in n-dimensional space
[ISO 19111:2007, definition 4.5]
4.4
coordinate reference system
coordinate system that is related to an object by a datum
[ISO 19111:2007, definition 4.8]
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ISO 19143:2010(E)
4.5
coordinate system
set of mathematical rules for specifying how coordinates are to be assigned to points
[ISO 19111:2007, definition 4.10]
4.6
element
〈XML〉 basic information item of an XML document containing child elements, attributes and character data
[ISO 19136:2007, definition 4.1.23]
4.7
feature
abstraction of real world phenomena
[ISO 19101:2002, definition 4.11]
NOTE A feature can occur as a type or an instance. It is intended that the term “feature type” or “feature instance” be
used when only one is meant.
4.8
feature identifier
identifier that uniquely designates a feature instance
[ISO 19142:2010, definition 4.8]
4.9
feature reference
Uniform Resource Identifier that identifies a feature
4.10
filter capabilities XML
metadata, encoded in XML, that describes which predicates defined in this International Standard a system
implements
4.11
filter expression
predicate expression encoded using XML
4.12
filter expression processor
component of a system that processes a filter expression
4.13
function
rule that associates each element from a domain (source, or domain of the function) to a unique element in
another domain (target, co-domain, or range)
[ISO 19107:2003, definition 4.41]
4.14
interface
named set of operations that characterize the behaviour of an entity
[ISO 19119:2005, definition 4.2]
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ISO 19143:2010(E)
4.15
literal value
constant, explicitly specified value
NOTE This contrasts with a value that is determined by resolving a chain of substitution (e.g. a variable).
4.16
join predicate
filter expression that includes one or more clauses that constrain properties from two different entity types
NOTE In this International Standard, the entity types are resource types.
4.17
namespace
〈XML〉 collection of names, identified by a URI reference which are used in XML documents as element
names and attribute names
[W3C XML Namespaces]
4.18
operation
specification of a transformation or query that an object may be called to execute
[ISO 19119:2005, definition 4.3]
4.19
predicate
set of computational operations applied to a data instance which evaluate to true or false
4.20
predicate expression
formal syntax for describing a predicate
4.21
property
facet or attribute of an object referenced by a name
4.22
request
invocation of an operation by a client
[ISO 19128:2005, definition 4.10]
4.23
resource
asset or means that fulfils a requirement
[ISO 19115:2003, definition 4.10]
NOTE In this International Standard, a resource is assumed to have identity.
4.24
response
result of an operation returned from a server to a client
[ISO 19128:2005, definition 4.11]
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ISO 19143:2010(E)
4.25
service
distinct part of the functionality that is provided by an entity through interfaces
[ISO 19119:2005, definition 4.1]
4.26
server
particular instance of a service
[ISO 19128:2005, definition 4.12]
4.27
tuple
ordered list of values
[ISO 19136:2007, definition 4.1.63]
NOTE In this International Standard, the ordered list is generally a finite sequence of resources.
4.28
Uniform Resource Identifier
URI
unique identifier for a resource, structured in conformance with IETF RFC 2396
[ISO 19136:2007, definition 4.1.65]
NOTE The general syntax is ::. The hierarchical syntax with a namespace is
://?.
5 Conventions
5.1 Abbreviated terms
BBOX Bounding Box
CRS Coordinate Reference System
EBNF Extended Backus-Naur Form
EPSG European Petroleum Survey Group
GML Geography Markup Language
HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol
HTTPS Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol
IETF Internet Engineering Task Force
KVP Keyword-value Pair
OGC Open Geospatial Consortium
SRS Spatial Reference System
URI Uniform Resource Identifier
URL Uniform Resource Locator
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ISO 19143:2010(E)
URN Uniform Resource Name
UTC Coordinated Universal Time
W3C World Wide Web Consortium
WFS Web Feature Service
XML Extensible Markup Language
5.2 UML notation
5.2.1 Figure 1 describes the Unified Modelling Language (UML) notations used in this International
Standard for UML class diagrams.
Association between classes
Association Name
Class #1 Class #2
role-1 role-2
Association Cardinality
Class Class
1.*
Only one One or more
Class Class
0.* n
Zero or more Specific number
Class
0.1
Optional (zero or one)
Aggregation between classes Class Inheritance (subtyping of classes)
Aggregate Class Superclass
Component Class
Subclass #1 Subclass #2 Subclass #n
...............
Figure 1 — UML notation in class diagrams
5.2.2 In these class diagrams, the following stereotypes of UML classes are used:
a) <> is a descriptor of a set of values that lack identity (independent existence and the
possibility of side effects). A DataType is a class with no operations, whose primary purpose is to hold the
information.
b) <> is a data type whose instances form a list of alternative literal values. Enumeration
means a short list of well-understood potential values within a class.
c) <> is a flexible enumeration for expressing a long list of potential alternative values. If the list
alternatives are completely known, an enumeration shall be used; if the only likely alternatives are known,
a code list shall be used.
d) <> is a definition of a set of operations that is supported by objects having this interface. An
Interface class cannot contain any attributes.
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ISO 19143:2010(E)
e) <> is a stereotyped class used for specification of a domain of instances (objects), together with
the operations applicable to the objects. A Type class may have attributes and associations.
f) <> is a list of alternate attributes where only one of those attributes may be present at any time.
See also ISO/TS 19103:2005, 6.8.2 and D.8.3.
5.2.3 In this International Standard, the following standard data types are used:
a) CharacterString is a sequence of characters;
b) LocalisedCharacterString is a CharacterString associated with a locale;
c) Boolean is a value specifying TRUE or FALSE;
d) URI is an identifier of a resource that provides more information;
e) Integer is an integer number.
5.3 Use of examples
This International Standard makes use of XML examples. They are meant to illustrate the various aspects of
filters discussed in this International Standard. While every effort has been made to ensure that the examples
are well formed and valid, this goal may be sacrificed for the sake of clarity. For instance, many examples are
formatted in a specific way to highlight a particular aspect that would render the example invalid from the
perspective of an XML validation tool. Furthermore, most examples reference fictitious servers and data.
Thus, this International Standard does not assert that any XML encoded example, copied from this
International Standard, would necessarily execute correctly or validate using a particular XML validation tool.
5.4 Namespaces
Namespaces (a specified in W3C XML Namespaces) are used to discriminate XML vocabularies from one
another. The following namespaces are normatively used in this International Standard:
a) (http://www.opengis.net/fes/2.0): for the Filter vocabulary;
b) (http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2): for the GML vocabulary.
5.5 KVP-encoded parameter lists
This International Standard defines both XML and KVP encodings for query and filter expressions. Several of
the parameters in the KVP-encoding consist of lists of values (see Table 2) and possibly lists of lists of values.
This subclause defines how to encode lists of values as the value of a parameter.
Parameters consisting of lists shall use the comma (“,”) as the delimiter between items in the list. In addition,
multiple lists may be specified as the value of a parameter by enclosing each list in parentheses; “(“, ”)”.
EXAMPLE 1 This example shows a list of items.
PARAMETER=item1,item2,item3,item4a%2Citem4b
This list consists of four values: item1, item2, item3 and the value “item4a,item4b”.
NOTE In this example, the embedded comma in the last item has been encoded as per I
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ISO 19143:2010
01-december-2010
Geografske informacije - Kodiranje s filtrom
Geographic information - Filter encoding
Information Géographique - Codage de filtres
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 19143:2010
ICS:
07.040 Astronomija. Geodezija. Astronomy. Geodesy.
Geografija Geography
35.240.70 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in science
znanosti
SIST ISO 19143:2010 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST ISO 19143:2010
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SIST ISO 19143:2010
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19143
First edition
2010-10-15
Geographic information — Filter
encoding
Information géographique — Codage de filtres
Reference number
ISO 19143:2010(E)
©
ISO 2010
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SIST ISO 19143:2010
ISO 19143:2010(E)
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ii © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved
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SIST ISO 19143:2010
ISO 19143:2010(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Conformance .2
3 Normative references.3
4 Terms and definitions .3
5 Conventions.6
5.1 Abbreviated terms .6
5.2 UML notation.7
5.3 Use of examples .8
5.4 Namespaces.8
5.5 KVP-encoded parameter lists .8
5.6 XML Schema fragments.9
6 Query expressions .9
6.1 General .9
6.2 Abstract query expressions .9
6.3 Ad hoc query expression.10
7 Filter.13
7.1 General considerations.13
7.2 Encoding .14
7.3 Expressions .14
7.4 Value references.15
7.5 Literals.17
7.6 Functions.18
7.7 Comparison operators.19
7.8 Spatial operators .22
7.9 Temporal operators.26
7.10 Logical operators .28
7.11 Object identifiers .30
7.12 Extensions .31
7.13 Filter capabilities .33
7.14 Encoding .35
8 Sorting .42
8.1 General considerations.42
8.2 Encoding .42
8.3 Exceptions .43
Annex A (normative) Conformance testing.44
Annex B (informative) Filter schema definitions .48
Annex C (informative) Examples .60
Annex D (informative) EBNF for XPath subset .80
Annex E (informative) Abstract model.81
Bibliography.82
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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 19143 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics, in
collaboration with the Open Geospatial Consortium Inc. (OGC).
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Introduction
Filter encoding was originated within the OGC.
A fundamental operation performed on a set of data or resources is that of querying in order to obtain a subset
of the data which contains certain desired information that satisfies some query criteria and which is also,
perhaps, sorted in some specified manner.
The term “projection clause” is used to describe an encoding for specifying which subset of resource
properties are presented in the response to a query.
The term “filter or selection clause” is used to describe an encoding of predicates which are typically used in
query operations to specify how data instances in a source dataset should be filtered to produce a result set.
Each data instance in the source set is evaluated using the filter expression. The overall filter expression
always evaluates to true or false. If the expression evaluates to true, the data instance satisfies the expression
and is marked as being in the result set. If the overall filter expression evaluates to false, the data instance is
not in the result set. Thus, the net effect of evaluating a filter expression is a set of data or resource identifiers
which satisfy the predicates in the expression.
The term “sorting clause” is used to describe an encoding for specifying how the data in a response is ordered
prior to being presented.
Such encodings are considered system neutral because using the numerous XML tools available today, XML
encoded projection, selection and sorting clauses can be easily validated, parsed and then transformed into
whatever target query language is required to retrieve or modify resources stored in some persistent object
store. For example an XML encoded query composed of a projection, selection and sorting clauses can be
transformed into a SQL “SELECT … FROM … WHERE … ORDER BY …” statement to fetch data stored in a
SQL-based relational database. Similarly, the same XML encoded query expression can just as easily be
transformed into an XQuery expression in order to retrieve data from XML document.
The XML and KVP encodings of projection, selection and sorting clauses described in this International
Standard are common components which can be used together or as individually by a number of web
services. Any service that requires the ability to query objects from a web-accessible repository can make use
of the XML and KVP encodings of a query expression described in this International Standard. For example
the GetFeature operation, defined in ISO 19142, uses the elements derived from definitions in this
International Standard to encode query expressions.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19143:2010(E)
Geographic information — Filter encoding
1 Scope
This International Standard describes an XML and KVP encoding of a system neutral syntax for expressing
projections, selection and sorting clauses collectively called a query expression.
These components are modular and intended to be used together or individually by other standards which
reference this International Standard.
EXAMPLE 1 ISO 19142 makes use of some or all of these components.
This International Standard defines an abstract component, named AbstractQueryExpression, from which
other specifications can subclass concrete query elements to implement query operations.
This International Standard also defines an additional abstract query component, named
AbstractAdhocQueryExpresison, which is derived from AbstractQueryExpression and from which other
specifications can subclass concrete query elements which follow the following query pattern:
An abstract query element from which service specifications can subclass a concrete query element that
implements a query operation that allows a client to specify a list of resource types, an optional projection
clause, an optional selection clause, and an optional sorting clause to query a subset of resources that
satisfy the selection clause.
This pattern is referred to as an ad hoc query pattern since the server is not aware of the query until it is
submitted for processing. This is in contrast to a stored query expression, which is stored and can be invoked
by name or identifier.
This International Standard also describes an XML and KVP encoding of a system-neutral representation of a
select clause. The XML representation is easily validated, parsed and transformed into a server-specific
language required to retrieve or modify object instances stored in some persistent object store.
EXAMPLE 2 An XML encoded filter can be transformed into a WHERE clause for a SQL SELECT statement to fetch
data stored in a SQL-based relational database. Similarly, and XML encoded filter expression can be transformed into an
XPath or XPointer expression for fetching data from XML documents.
This International Standard defines the XML encoding for the following predicates.
a) A standard set of logical predicates: and, or and not.
b) A standard set of comparison predicates: equal to, not equal to, less than, less than or equal to, greater
than, greater than or equal to, like, is null and between.
c) A standard set of spatial predicates: equal, disjoint, touches, within, overlaps, crosses, intersects,
contains, within a specified distance, beyond a specified distance and BBOX.
d) A standard set of temporal predicates: after, before, begins, begun by, contains, during, ends, equals,
meets, met by, overlaps and overlapped by.
e) A predicate to test whether the identifier of an object matches the specified value.
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This International Standard defines the XML encoding of metadata that allows a service to declare which
conformance classes, predicates, operators, operands and functions it supports. This metadata is referred to
as Filter Capabilities.
2 Conformance
Few usage scenarios require the full implementation of this International Standard to work. Therefore, service
providers may want to specify requirements for only the subset needed to fulfil their service. Or system
developers may want to document which subset of this International Standard it is that that they have
implemented and conform to. These named conformance classes help in specifying such subsets.
This International Standard defines conformance classes based on the operations and behaviour that a filter
encoding service claims to implement. Table 1 indicates which behaviour shall be implemented for each of the
conformance classes. The described behaviour shall be implemented for the corresponding conformance
class, and the name of the paragraph of the actual detailed abstract test suite in Annex A.
Table 1 — FE conformance classes
Subclause of
Conformance class name Operation or behaviour the abstract test
suite
Query A.1
Service that references this International Standard materializes a concrete query
element that is substitutable for fes:AbstractQueryElement.
Ad hoc Query Service that references this International Standard materializes a concrete query A.2
element that is substitutable for fes:AbstractAdhocQueryElement and
materializes a concrete selection clause element that is substitutable for
fes:AbstractSelectionClause and materializes a concrete projection clause
element that is substitutable for fes:AbstractProjectionClause and materializes a
concrete sorting clause element that is substitutable for
fes:AbstractSortingClause.
Functions Implements functions that are in addition to the operators defined in this A.3
International Standard.
Resource Identification Implements the ResourceId operator with the rid parameter to allow predicates to A.4
be written that allow a specific resource to be queried.
Minimum Standard Filter A.5
Implements the comparison operators: PropertyIsEqualTo,
PropertyIsNotEqualTo, PropertyIsLessThan, PropertyIsGreaterThan,
PropertyIsLessThanOrEqualTo, PropertyIsGreaterThanOrEqualTo. Implements
the logical operators. Does not implement any additional functions.
Standard Filter A.6
Implements all the comparison and logical operators and may implement one or
more additional functions.
Minimum Spatial Filter Implements only the BBOX spatial operator. A.7
Spatial Filter Implements the BBOX spatial operator and one or more of the other spatial A.8
operators.
Minimum Temporal Filter Implements only the During temporal operator. A.9
Temporal Filter Implements the During temporal operator and one or more of the other temporal A.10
operators.
Version navigation A.11
Implements ResourceId operator with the parameters that allow versions of
resources to be queried (version, startTime, endTime).
Sorting Implements sorting of the resources in a response. A.12
Extended Operators Implements additional operators not defined in this International Standard. A.13
Minimum XPath Implements the minimum required set of XPath capabilities. A.14
Schema Element Function Implements the schema-element() XPath function. A.15
Other standards that include this International Standard shall declare what constitutes a “minimum” filter by
declaring the minimum set of conformance classes from Table 1 that shall be implemented.
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3 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 19108:2002, Geographic information — Temporal schema
ISO 19125-1:2004, Geographic information — Simple feature access — Part 1: Common architecture
ISO 19136:2007, Geographic information — Geography Markup Language (GML)
IETF RFC 2396, Uniform Resource Identifiers (URN): Generic Syntax (August 1998)
OGC 06-121r3, OGC Web Services Common Specification, OGC® Implementation Specification
(9 February 2009)
W3C XML, Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Third edition), W3C Recommendation (4 February 2004)
W3C XML, Namespaces, Namespaces in XML, W3C Recommendation (14 January 1999)
W3C XML, Path Language, XML Path Language (XPath) 2.0, W3C Recommendation (23 January 2007)
W3C XML, Schema Part 1, XML Schema Part 1: Structures, W3C Recommendation (2 May 2001)
W3C XML, Schema Part 2, XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes, W3C Recommendation (2 May 2001)
4 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
4.1
attribute
〈XML〉 name-value pair contained in an element
[ISO 19136:2007, definition 4.1.3]
NOTE In this International Standard, an attribute is an XML attribute unless otherwise specified.
4.2
client
software component that can invoke an operation from a server
[ISO 19128:2005, definition 4.1]
4.3
coordinate
one of a sequence of n numbers designating the position of a point in n-dimensional space
[ISO 19111:2007, definition 4.5]
4.4
coordinate reference system
coordinate system that is related to an object by a datum
[ISO 19111:2007, definition 4.8]
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4.5
coordinate system
set of mathematical rules for specifying how coordinates are to be assigned to points
[ISO 19111:2007, definition 4.10]
4.6
element
〈XML〉 basic information item of an XML document containing child elements, attributes and character data
[ISO 19136:2007, definition 4.1.23]
4.7
feature
abstraction of real world phenomena
[ISO 19101:2002, definition 4.11]
NOTE A feature can occur as a type or an instance. It is intended that the term “feature type” or “feature instance” be
used when only one is meant.
4.8
feature identifier
identifier that uniquely designates a feature instance
[ISO 19142:2010, definition 4.8]
4.9
feature reference
Uniform Resource Identifier that identifies a feature
4.10
filter capabilities XML
metadata, encoded in XML, that describes which predicates defined in this International Standard a system
implements
4.11
filter expression
predicate expression encoded using XML
4.12
filter expression processor
component of a system that processes a filter expression
4.13
function
rule that associates each element from a domain (source, or domain of the function) to a unique element in
another domain (target, co-domain, or range)
[ISO 19107:2003, definition 4.41]
4.14
interface
named set of operations that characterize the behaviour of an entity
[ISO 19119:2005, definition 4.2]
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4.15
literal value
constant, explicitly specified value
NOTE This contrasts with a value that is determined by resolving a chain of substitution (e.g. a variable).
4.16
join predicate
filter expression that includes one or more clauses that constrain properties from two different entity types
NOTE In this International Standard, the entity types are resource types.
4.17
namespace
〈XML〉 collection of names, identified by a URI reference which are used in XML documents as element
names and attribute names
[W3C XML Namespaces]
4.18
operation
specification of a transformation or query that an object may be called to execute
[ISO 19119:2005, definition 4.3]
4.19
predicate
set of computational operations applied to a data instance which evaluate to true or false
4.20
predicate expression
formal syntax for describing a predicate
4.21
property
facet or attribute of an object referenced by a name
4.22
request
invocation of an operation by a client
[ISO 19128:2005, definition 4.10]
4.23
resource
asset or means that fulfils a requirement
[ISO 19115:2003, definition 4.10]
NOTE In this International Standard, a resource is assumed to have identity.
4.24
response
result of an operation returned from a server to a client
[ISO 19128:2005, definition 4.11]
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4.25
service
distinct part of the functionality that is provided by an entity through interfaces
[ISO 19119:2005, definition 4.1]
4.26
server
particular instance of a service
[ISO 19128:2005, definition 4.12]
4.27
tuple
ordered list of values
[ISO 19136:2007, definition 4.1.63]
NOTE In this International Standard, the ordered list is generally a finite sequence of resources.
4.28
Uniform Resource Identifier
URI
unique identifier for a resource, structured in conformance with IETF RFC 2396
[ISO 19136:2007, definition 4.1.65]
NOTE The general syntax is ::. The hierarchical syntax with a namespace is
://?.
5 Conventions
5.1 Abbreviated terms
BBOX Bounding Box
CRS Coordinate Reference System
EBNF Extended Backus-Naur Form
EPSG European Petroleum Survey Group
GML Geography Markup Language
HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol
HTTPS Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol
IETF Internet Engineering Task Force
KVP Keyword-value Pair
OGC Open Geospatial Consortium
SRS Spatial Reference System
URI Uniform Resource Identifier
URL Uniform Resource Locator
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URN Uniform Resource Name
UTC Coordinated Universal Time
W3C World Wide Web Consortium
WFS Web Feature Service
XML Extensible Markup Language
5.2 UML notation
5.2.1 Figure 1 describes the Unified Modelling Language (UML) notations used in this International
Standard for UML class diagrams.
Association between classes
Association Name
Class #1 Class #2
role-1 role-2
Association Cardinality
Class Class
1.*
Only one One or more
Class Class
0.* n
Zero or more Specific number
Class
0.1
Optional (zero or one)
Aggregation between classes Class Inheritance (subtyping of classes)
Aggregate Class Superclass
Component Class
Subclass #1 Subclass #2 Subclass #n
...............
Figure 1 — UML notation in class diagrams
5.2.2 In these class diagrams, the following stereotypes of UML classes are used:
a) <> is a descriptor of a set of values that lack identity (independent existence and the
possibility of side effects). A DataType is a class with no operations, whose primary purpose is to hold the
information.
b) <> is a data type whose instances form a list of alternative literal values. Enumeration
means a short list of well-understood potential values within a class.
c) <> is a flexible enumeration for expressing a long list of potential alternative values. If the list
alternatives are completely known, an enumeration shall be used; if the only likely alternatives are known,
a code list shall be used.
d) <> is a definition of a set of operations that is supported by objects having this interface. An
Interface class cannot contain any attributes.
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e) <> is a stereotyped class used for specification of a domain of instances (objects), together with
the operations applicable to the objects. A Type class may have attributes and associations.
f) <> is a list of alternate attributes where only one of those attributes may be present at any time.
See also ISO/TS 19103:2005, 6.8.2 and D.8.3.
5.2.3 In this International Standard, the following standard data types are used:
a) CharacterString is a sequence of characters;
b) LocalisedCharacterString is a CharacterString associated with a locale;
c) Boolean is a value specifying TRUE or FALSE;
d) URI is an identifier of a resource that provides more information;
e) Integer is an integer number.
5.3 Use of examples
This International Standard makes use of XML examples. They are meant to illustrate the various aspects of
filters discussed in this International Standard. While every effort has been made to ensure that the examples
are well formed and valid, this goal may be sacrificed for the sake of clarity. For instance, many examples are
formatted in a specific way to highlight a particular aspect that would render the example invalid from the
perspective of an XML validation tool. Furthermore, most examples reference fictitious servers and data.
Thus, this International Standard does not assert that any XML encoded example, copied from this
International Standard, would necessarily execute correctly or validate using a particular XML validation tool.
5.4 Namespaces
Namespaces (a specified in W3C XML Namespaces) are used to discriminate XML vocabularies from one
another. The follow
...
NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 19143
Première édition
2010-10-15
Information géographique — Codage de
filtres
Geographic information — Filter encoding
Numéro de référence
ISO 19143:2010(F)
©
ISO 2010
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ISO 19143:2010(F)
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Version française parue en 2011
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ISO 19143:2010(F)
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .iv
Introduction.v
1 Domaine d'application .1
2 Conformité .2
3 Références normatives.3
4 Termes et définitions .4
5 Conventions.7
5.1 Abréviations.7
5.2 Notation UML .8
5.3 Utilisation d'exemples.9
5.4 Espaces de nommage.9
5.5 Listes de paramètres encodés en KVP .9
5.6 Fragments de schéma XML.10
6 Expressions d'interrogation.10
6.1 Introduction.10
6.2 Expressions d'interrogation abstraites.10
6.3 Expression d'interrogation ad hoc .11
7 Filtre.14
7.1 Introduction.14
7.2 Encodage .15
7.3 Expressions .15
7.4 Références de valeurs .16
7.5 Valeurs littérales.19
7.6 Fonctions .19
7.7 Opérateurs de comparaison.20
7.8 Opérateurs spatiaux.24
7.9 Opérateurs temporels .27
7.10 Opérateurs logiques.30
7.11 Identifiants d'objets.31
7.12 Extensions .33
7.13 Capacités de filtre.34
7.14 Encodage .37
8 Tri .44
8.1 Introduction.44
8.2 Encodage .44
8.3 Exceptions .45
Annexe A (normative) Tests de conformité .46
Annexe B (informative) Définitions de schéma de filtre .50
Annexe C (informative) Exemples .62
Annexe D (informative) EBNF pour sous-ensemble XPath .82
Annexe E (informative) Modèle abstrait.83
Bibliographie.84
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ISO 19143:2010(F)
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes nationaux de
normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est en général confiée
aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire partie du
comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non
gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux. L'ISO collabore étroitement avec
la Commission électrotechnique internationale (CEI) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les Normes internationales sont rédigées conformément aux règles données dans les Directives ISO/CEI,
Partie 2.
La tâche principale des comités techniques est d'élaborer les Normes internationales. Les projets de Normes
internationales adoptés par les comités techniques sont soumis aux comités membres pour vote. Leur
publication comme Normes internationales requiert l'approbation de 75 % au moins des comités membres
votants.
L'attention est appelée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l'objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L'ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne
pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence.
L'ISO 19143 a été élaborée par le comité technique ISO/TC 211, Information géographique/Géomatique, en
collaboration avec le Open Geospatial Consortium Inc. (OGC).
iv © ISO 2010 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO 19143:2010(F)
Introduction
Le codage de filtres trouve ses origines au sein du Open Geospatial Consortium Inc. (OGC).
Une opération fondamentale, exécutée sur un ensemble de données ou de ressources, concerne
l'interrogation de manière à obtenir un sous-ensemble de données qui contiennent certaines informations
souhaitées qui satisfont à certains critères d'interrogation et qui sont également triées éventuellement d'une
certaine manière spécifiée.
L'expression clause de projection est utilisée pour décrire un encodage destiné à spécifier quels sous-
ensembles de propriétés de ressources sont présentés dans la réponse à une interrogation.
L'expression filtre ou clause de sélection est utilisée pour décrire un encodage de prédicats qui sont
généralement utilisés dans des opérations d'interrogation pour spécifier la manière dont il convient que les
instances de données dans un ensemble de données sources soient filtrées pour produire un ensemble
résultat. Chaque instance de données dans l'ensemble source est évaluée en utilisant l'expression de filtre.
L'expression de filtre global évaluera toujours le caractère vrai ou faux de l'instance. Si l'expression évalue
que l'instance est vraie, alors l'instance de données satisfait à l'expression et est marquée comme se trouvant
dans l'ensemble résultat. Si l'expression de filtre global évalue que l'instance est fausse, l'instance de
données ne se trouve pas dans l'ensemble résultat. Donc, l'effet de l'évaluation d'une expression de filtre est
un ensemble de données ou d'identifiants de ressources qui satisfont aux prédicats dans l'expression.
L'expression clause de tri est utilisée pour décrire l'encodage destiné à spécifier la manière dont les données
dans une réponse sont ordonnées afin d'être présentées.
De tels encodages sont considérés comme neutres pour un système grâce à l'utilisation de nombreux outils
XML disponibles aujourd'hui, des clauses de projection, de sélection et de tri encodées en XML peuvent être
facilement validées, analysées et ensuite transformées en tout langage d'interrogation cible qui est requis
pour récupérer ou modifier les ressources mémorisées dans certains stockages d'objets permanents. Par
exemple, une interrogation encodée en XML composée de clauses de projection, de sélection et de tri
pourrait être transformée en une instruction SQL «SELECT … FROM … WHERE … ORDER BY …»
(SELECTION … DEPUIS … OÙ … ORDONNÉ PAR …) pour extraire des données mémorisées dans une
base de données relationnelle utilisant SQL. D'une manière similaire, la même expression d'interrogation
encodée en XML pourrait tout aussi facilement être transformée en une expression XQuery (Xinterrogation)
de manière à récupérer des données d'un document XML.
Les encodages en XML et en KVP de clauses de projection, sélection et tri décrites dans la présente Norme
internationale sont des composants communs qui peuvent être utilisés ensemble ou individuellement par un
certain nombre de services web. Tout service qui exige la capacité d'interroger les objets à partir d'un entrepôt
de données accessible par le web peut faire usage des encodages en XML et KVP d'une expression
d'interrogation décrite dans la présente Norme internationale. Par exemple, l'opération GetFeature, définie
dans l'ISO 19142, utilise les éléments dérivés des définitions de la présente Norme internationale pour
encoder des expressions d'interrogation.
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NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 19143:2010(F)
Information géographique — Codage de filtres
1 Domaine d'application
La présente Norme internationale décrit un encodage en XML et KVP d'une syntaxe neutre de système
destiné à exprimer des clauses de projection, de sélection et de tri collectivement appelées expression
d'interrogation.
Ces composants sont modulaires et destinés à être utilisés ensemble ou individuellement par d'autres normes
que celles qui référencent la présente Norme internationale.
EXEMPLE 1 L'ISO 19142 fait usage de certains de ces composants ou de leur totalité.
La présente Norme internationale définit un composant abstrait, nommé AbstractQueryExpression, à partir
duquel d'autres spécifications peuvent sous-classer des éléments d'interrogation concrets pour mettre en
œuvre des opérations d'interrogation.
La présente Norme internationale définit également un composant d'interrogation abstrait supplémentaire,
nommé AbstractAdhocQueryExpression, qui est dérivé du composant AbstractQueryExpression et à partir
duquel d'autres spécifications peuvent sous-classer des éléments d'interrogation concrets qui suivent le
modèle d'interrogation suivant:
Un élément d'interrogation abstrait à partir duquel des spécifications de service peuvent sous-classer un
élément d'interrogation concret mettant en œuvre une opération d'interrogation permettant à un client de
spécifier une liste de types de ressources, une clause de projection optionnelle, une clause de sélection
optionnelle et une clause de tri optionnelle afin d'interroger un sous-ensemble de ressources qui satisfont
à la clause de sélection.
Ce modèle est désigné comme étant un modèle d'interrogation ad hoc du fait que le serveur n'est pas informé
de l'interrogation jusqu'à ce qu'elle lui soit soumise pour traitement. Cela s'oppose à une expression
d'interrogation mémorisée, qui est mémorisée et peut être appelée par un nom ou un identifiant.
La présente Norme internationale décrit également un encodage en XML et en KVP d'une représentation
neutre de système d'une clause de sélection. La représentation XML est facilement validée, analysée et
transformée en un langage spécifique au serveur requis pour récupérer ou modifier des instances d'objets
mémorisées dans certains stockages d'objets permanents.
EXEMPLE 2 Un filtre encodé en XML pourrait être transformé en une clause WHERE (OÙ) pour une instruction SQL
SELECT afin d'extraire des données mémorisées dans une base de données relationnelle utilisant SQL. D'une manière
similaire, une expression de filtre encodée en XML pourrait être transformée en une expression XPath ou XPointer pour
extraire des données de documents XML.
La présente Norme internationale définit l'encodage en XML pour les prédicats suivants:
a) un ensemble standard de prédicats logiques: and, or and not (et, ou et non);
b) un ensemble standard de prédicats de comparaison: equal to, not equal to, less than, less than or equal
to, greater than, greater than or equal to, like, is null and between (égal à, pas égal à, inférieur à, inférieur
ou égal à, supérieur à, supérieur ou égal à, comme, est nul et entre);
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ISO 19143:2010(F)
c) un ensemble standard de prédicats spatiaux: equal, disjoint, touches, within, overlaps, crosses, intersects,
contains, within a specified distance, beyond a specified distance and BBOX (égal, disjoint, touche, dans,
chevauche, croise, intersecte, contient, à une distance spécifiée, au-delà d'une distance spécifiée et boîte
englobante);
d) un ensemble standard de prédicats temporels: after, before, begins, begun by, contains, during, ends,
equals, meets, met by, overlaps and overlapped by (après, avant, commence, commencé par, contient,
pendant, se termine, égal à, satisfait, satisfait par, chevauche et chevauché par);
e) un prédicat pour vérifier si l'identifiant d'un objet correspond à la valeur spécifiée.
La présente Norme internationale définit l'encodage en XML des métadonnées qui permettent à un service de
déclarer les classes de conformité, les prédicats, les opérateurs, les opérandes et les fonctions qu'il prend en
charge. Ces métadonnées sont désignées par le terme Capacités de filtre.
2 Conformité
Peu de scénarios d'utilisation nécessitent la mise en œuvre complète de la présente Norme internationale
pour fonctionner. Ainsi des fournisseurs de services peuvent vouloir spécifier des exigences pour seulement
le sous-ensemble nécessaire afin de remplir leur service. Ou bien des développeurs de système peuvent
souhaiter appuyer par des documents quel sous-ensemble de la Norme internationale ils doivent mettre en
œuvre et s'y conformer. Ces classes de conformité désignées contribuent à spécifier de tels sous-ensembles.
La présente Norme internationale définit des classes de conformité basées sur les opérations et le
comportement qu'un service d'encodage de filtre revendique mettre en œuvre. Le tableau indique quel
comportement doit être mis en œuvre pour chacune des classes de conformité. Le comportement décrit doit
être mis en œuvre pour la classe de conformité correspondante et le nom du paragraphe de la suite de tests
abstraits détaillés réels à l'Annexe A.
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ISO 19143:2010(F)
Tableau 1 — Classes de conformité FE
Paragraphe
Nom de la classe
Opération ou comportement de la suite de
de conformité
tests abstraits
Query (Interrogation) Service que référence la présente Norme internationale, matérialise un élément A.1
d'interrogation concret qui peut remplacer fes:AbstractQueryElement.
Ad hoc Query Service que référence la présente Norme internationale, matérialise un élément A.2
(Interrogation Ad hoc) d'interrogation concret qui peut remplacer fes:AbstractAdhocQueryElement et
matérialise un élément concret de clause de sélection qui peut remplacer
fes:AbstractSelectionClause et matérialise un élément concret de clause de
projection qui peut remplacer fes:AbstractProjectionClause et matérialise un
élément concret de clause de tri qui peut remplacer fes:AbstractSortingClause.
Functions (Fonctions) Met en œuvre des fonctions qui sont, en plus des opérateurs, définies dans la A.3
présente Norme internationale.
Resource Identification Met en œuvre l'opérateur Resourceld avec le paramètre rid pour permettre aux A.4
(Identification de ressource) prédicats d'être écrits, ce qui permet à une ressource spécifique d'être interrogée.
Minimum Standard Filter Met en œuvre les opérateurs de comparaison: PropertyIsEqualTo, A.5
(Filtre Standard Minimal) PropertyIsNotEqualTo, PropertyIsLessThan, PropertyIsGreaterThan,
PropertyIsLessThanOrEqualTo, PropertyIsGreaterThanOrEqualTo. Met en
œuvre les opérateurs logiques. Ne met pas en œuvre de fonctions
supplémentaires.
Standard Filter (Filtre Standard) Met en œuvre tous les opérateurs de comparaison et logiques et peut mettre en A.6
œuvre une ou plusieurs fonctions supplémentaires.
Minimum Spatial Filter Met en œuvre seulement l'opérateur spatial BBOX. A.7
(Filtre Spatial minimal)
Spatial Filter (Filtre Spatial) Met en œuvre l'opérateur spatial BBOX et un ou plusieurs des autres opérateurs A.8
spatiaux.
Minimum Temporal Filter Met en œuvre seulement l'opérateur temporel During (pendant). A.9
(Filtre temporel minimal)
Temporal Filter (Filtre temporel) Met en œuvre l'opérateur temporel During (pendant) et un ou plusieurs des A.10
autres opérateurs temporels.
Version navigation Met en œuvre l'opérateur Resourceld avec les paramètres qui permettent aux A.11
(Navigation entre versions) versions des ressources de faire l'objet d'une interrogation (version, startTime,
endTime).
Sorting (Tri) Met en œuvre le tri des ressources dans une réponse. A.12
Extended Operators (Opérateurs Met en œuvre des opérateurs supplémentaires non définis dans la présente A.13
étendus) Norme internationale.
Minimum XPath Met en œuvre l'ensemble requis minimal de capacités XPath. A.14
(XPath minimal)
Schema Element Function Met en œuvre la fonction XPath schema-element (). A.15
(Fonction d'élément de schéma)
D'autres normes qui comprennent la présente Norme internationale doivent déclarer ce que constitue un filtre
«minimal» en déclarant l'ensemble minimal de classes de conformité extraites du Tableau 1 qui doivent être
mises en œuvre.
3 Références normatives
Les documents de référence suivants sont indispensables pour l'application du présent document. Pour les
références datées, seule l'édition citée s'applique. Pour les références non datées, la dernière édition du
document de référence s'applique (y compris les éventuels amendements).
ISO 19108:2002, Information géographique — Schéma temporel
ISO 19125-1:2004, Information géographique — Accès aux entités simples — Partie 1: Architecture commune
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ISO 19143:2010(F)
ISO 19136:2007, Information géographique — Langage de balisage en géographie (GML)
IETF RFC 2396, Uniform Resource Identifiers (URN): Generic Syntax (August 1998)
OGC 06-121r3, OGC Web Services Common Specification, OGC® Implementation Specification
(9 February 2009)
W3C XML, Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Third Edition), W3C Recommendation (4 February 2004)
W3C XML, Namespaces, Namespaces in XML, W3C Recommendation (14 January 1999)
W3C XML, Path Language, XML Path Language (XPath) 2.0, W3C Recommendation (23 January 2007)
W3C XML, Schema Part 1, XML Schema Part 1: Structures, W3C Recommendation (2 May 2001)
W3C XML, Schema Part 2, XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes, W3C Recommendation (2 May 2001)
4 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions suivants s'appliquent.
4.1
attribut
〈XML〉 paire nom-valeur que contient un élément
[ISO 19136:2007, définition 4.1.3]
NOTE Dans la présente Norme internationale, un attribut est un attribut XML sauf mention contraire.
4.2
client
composant logiciel pouvant appeler une opération à partir d'un serveur
[ISO 19128:2005, définition 4.1]
4.3
coordonnée
une des séquences de n nombres désignant la position d'un point dans un espace à n dimensions
[ISO 19111:2007, définition 4.5]
4.4
système de coordonnées de référence
système de coordonnées associé à un objet par une référence
[ISO 19111:2007, définition 4.8]
4.5
système de coordonnées
ensemble de règles mathématiques destinées à spécifier la manière dont les coordonnées doivent être
attribuées à des points
[ISO 19111:2007, définition 4.10]
4.6
élément
〈XML〉 élément d'information de base d'un document XML contenant des éléments enfants, un attribut et des
données de caractères
[ISO 19136:2007, définition 4.1.23]
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ISO 19143:2010(F)
4.7
entité
abstraction de phénomènes du monde réel
[ISO 19101:2002, définition 4.11]
NOTE Une entité peut apparaître sous la forme d'un type ou d'une instance. Les termes «type d'entité» ou «instance
d'entité» sont censés être utilisés lorsqu'une seule entité est désignée.
4.8
identifiant d'entité
identifiant qui désigne de manière unique une instance d'entité
[ISO 19142:2010, définition 4.8]
4.9
référence d'entité
Identifiant de Ressource Uniforme (URI) qui identifie une entité
4.10
capacités de filtre XML
métadonnées, encodées en XML, qui décrivent les prédicats définis dans la présente Norme internationale
qu'un système doit mettre en œuvre
4.11
expression de filtrage
expression de prédicat encodée en utilisant le langage XML
4.12
processeur d'expression de filtre
composant d'un système qui traite une expression de filtre
4.13
fonction
règle qui associe chaque élément à partir d'un domaine (source, ou domaine de la fonction) à un élément
unique dans un autre domaine (cible, co-domaine, ou plage)
[ISO 19107:2003, définition 4.41]
4.14
interface
ensemble nommé d'opérations qui caractérisent le comportement d'une entité
[ISO 19119:2005, définition 4.2]
4.15
valeur littérale
valeur constante, spécifiée de manière explicite
NOTE Celle-ci s'oppose à une valeur qui est déterminée en résolvant une chaîne de substitution (par exemple une
variable).
4.16
prédicat de jointure
expression de filtre qui comprend une ou plusieurs clauses qui contraignent les propriétés de deux types
d'entités différents
NOTE Dans la présente Norme internationale, les types d'entités seront des types de ressources.
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ISO 19143:2010(F)
4.17
espace de nommage
〈XML〉 ensemble de noms, identifiés par une référence URI, qui sont utilisés dans les documents XML comme
noms d'éléments et noms d'attributs
[W3C XML Namespaces]
4.18
opération
spécification d'une transformation ou d'une interrogation qu'un objet peut être appelé à exécuter
[ISO 19119:2005, définition 4.3]
4.19
prédicat
ensemble d'opérations de calculs appliquées à une instance de données qui évaluent si elle est vraie ou
fausse
4.20
expression de prédicat
syntaxe formelle pour décrire un prédicat
4.21
propriété
facette ou attribut d'un objet référencé par un nom
4.22
requête
appel d'une opération par un client
[ISO 19128:2005, définition 4.10]
4.23
ressource
élément ou moyen qui satisfait à une exigence
[ISO 19115:2003, définition 4.10]
NOTE Dans la présente Norme internationale, une ressource est supposée avoir une identité.
4.24
réponse
résultat d'une opération renvoyé par un serveur à un client
[ISO 19128:2005, définition 4.11]
4.25
service
partie distincte de la fonctionnalité qui est fournie par une entité géographique par l'intermédiaire d'interfaces
[ISO 19119:2005, définition 4.1]
4.26
serveur
instance particulière d'un service
[ISO 19128:2005, définition 4.12]
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ISO 19143:2010(F)
4.27
uplet
listes ordonnées de valeurs
[ISO 19136:2007, définition 4.1.63]
NOTE Dans la présente Norme internationale, la liste ordonnée sera généralement une séquence finie de
ressources.
4.28
Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)
identifiant unique d'une ressource, structuré conformément à l'IETF RFC 2396
[ISO 19136:2007, définition 4.1.65]
NOTE La syntaxe générale est la suivante ::. La syntaxe hiérarchique avec un
espace de nommage est ://?
5 Conventions
5.1 Abréviations
BBOX Bounding Box (Boîte englobante)
CRS Coordinate Reference System (Système de coordonnées de référence)
EBNF Extended Backus-Naur Form
EPSG European Petroleum Survey Group
GML Geography Markup Language (Langage de balisage en géographie)
HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol (Protocole de transfert hypertexte)
HTTPS Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol (Protocole de transfert hypertexte sécurisé)
IETF Internet Engineering Task Force (Groupe de travail IETF)
KVP Keyword-value Pair (Paire mot clé-valeur)
OGC Open Geospatial Consortium
SRS Spatial Reference System (Système de Référence Spatial)
URI Uniform Resource Identifier (Identifiant URI)
URL Uniform Resource Locator (Adresse URL)
URN Uniform Resource Name (Nom URN)
UTC Coordinated Universal Time (Temps universel coordonné)
W3C World Wide Web Consortium
WFS Web Feature Service (Service d'accès aux entités géographiques par le web)
XML Extensible Markup Language (Langage de balisage extensible)
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ISO 19143:2010(F)
5.2 Notation UML
5.2.1 La Figure 1 décrit les notations du langage de modélisation (UML) utilisées dans la présente Norme
internationale pour des diagrammes de classes UML.
Association entre classes
Association Name
Class #1 Class #2
role-1 role-2
Cardinalité de l’association
Class Class
1.*
Seu
...
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