SIST ISO Guide 64:2000
(Main)Guide for the inclusion of environmental aspects in product standards
Guide for the inclusion of environmental aspects in product standards
Guide pour l'introduction des aspects environnementaux dans les normes de produit
Vodilo za vključevanje okoljskih vidikov v standarde za proizvode
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Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
GUIDE 64
Guide for the inclusion of
environmental aspects in
product standards
First edition 1997
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
IS0 GUIDE 64:1997(E)
Foreword
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a
worldwide federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member
bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is
normally carried out through IS0 technical committees. Each
member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented
on that committee. International organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the
work. IS0 collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
IS0 guides are intended essentially for internal use in IS0
committees or in some cases for the guidance of member bodies
when dealing with matters that would not normally be the
subject of an International Standard.
IS0 Guide 64 was drawn up by Technical Committee lSO/TC 207,
Environmenta/ management, and was approved by IS0 and IEC
national bodies.
0 IS0 1997
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be re-
produced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case Postale 56 l CH-1211 Geneve 20 l Switzerland
Printed in Switzerland
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
@ IS0 IS0 GUIDE 64:1997(E)
Introduction
Every product has some impact on the environment during its
manufacture, distribution, use or disposal. These impacts may
range from slight to significant; they may be short-term or long-
term; and they may occur at the global, regional or local level.
Provisions in product standards may have a significant influence
on the extent of these environmental impacts,,
. . .
III
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This page intentionally left blank
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0 IS0 IS0 GUIDE 64:1997(E)
Guide for the inclusion of environmental aspects in
product standards
1
Scope
1.1 This Guide covers the consideration of environmental impacts in product standards. It is
intended for standard writers; its purpose is
to raise awareness that provisions in product standards can affect the environment in
a)
both negative and positive ways;
to outline the relationship between product standards and the environment;
b)
to help avoid provisions in product standards that may lead to adverse environmental
d
impacts;
to emphasize that addressing environmental aspects during the development of
d)
product standards is a complex process and requires balancing competing priorities;
to recommend the use of life-cycle thinking and recognized scientific techniques when
e)
addressing environmental aspects of a product being standardized.
1.2 In order to achieve the purposes listed in 1.1, this Guide
sets forth some general considerations that should be taken into account when
a)
developing product standards that achieve a proper ball ante between product function
and environmental impacts;
outlines ways in which provisions in product standarc Is may affect the environment
b)
during the stages of a product’s life cycle;
addresses techniques for identifying and assessing the environmental impacts of
d
provisions in product standards;
highlights some ways to reduce adverse environmental impacts resulting from
d)
provisions in product standards.
To reflect the diversity of environmental impacts that products can have, this Guide may need
to be supplemented by sectoral guides.
I
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
0 IS0
IS0 GUIDE 64:1997(E)
2 References
IS0 14001:1996, Environmenta/ management systems - Specification with guidance for
use
Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Principles and
IS0 14040 -,’
framework
lSO/IEC Guide 2: 1996, Standardization and related activities - Genera/ vocabulary
IEC Guide 109:1995, Environmental aspects -
Inclusion in electrotechnical product standards
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this Guide, the following definitions apply.
3. I standard writer
any person taking part in the preparation of standards
3.2 environmental aspect
element of an organization’s activities, products or services that can interact with the
environment
NOTE - A significant environmental aspect is an environmental aspect that has or can have a
significant environmental impact.
[ISO 14001]
3.3 environmental impact
any change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting
from an organization’s activities, products or services
[ISO 14001]
3.4 life cycle
consecutive and interlinked stages of a product system, from raw material acquisition or
generation of natural resources to the final disposal
[ISO 140401
t To be published.
2
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IS0 GUIDE 64:1997(E)
@ IS0
3.5 prevention of pollution
use of processes, practices, materials or products that avoid, reduce or control pollution,
which may include recycling, treatment, process changes, control mechanisms, efficient use
of materials and material substitution
- The potential benefits of prevention of pollution include the reduction of environmental
NOTE
impacts, improved efficiency and reduced costs.
[ISO 14001]
3.6 product standard
standard that specifies requirements to be fulfilled by a product or group of products, to
establish its fitness for purpose
NOTES
1 A product standard may include in addition to the fitness for purpose requirements, directly or by
reference, aspects such as terminology, sampling, testing, packaging and labelling and, sometimes,
processing requirements.
2 A product standard can either be complete or not, according to whether it specifies all or only a part of
the necessary requirements. In this respect one may differentiate between standards such as
dimensional, material and technical delivery standards.
[lSO/IEC Guide 21
4 General considerations
4.1 Every product has some impact on the environment. These impacts may occur at any or
all stages of the product’s life cycle and can be local, regional or global, or a combination of
all three.
4.2 Anticipating or identifying a product’s environmental impacts is complex and agreement
is occasionally lacking on environmental cause-and-effect relationships. Attempts to address a
given environmental impact may have consequences at any or all of the stages of a product’s
life cycle.
4.3 Despite the difficulties involved, a product’s environmental impacts should be considered
when product standards are developed. Prevention of pollution, resource conservation and
other ways to reduce adverse environmental impacts should be considered. The intended use
and reasonably foreseeable misuse of a product should also be considered.
4.4 A product’s environmental impacts should be balanced against other factors, such as
product function, performance, safety a Id health, cost, marketability and quality; legal and
regulatory requirements have to be met.
4.5 Because the rate of innovation is higt I, review of product standards should be considered
impacts might be significantly reduced by the
whenever the adverse environmental
application of new knowledge.
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IS0 GUIDE 64:1997(E) @ ES0
4.6 Provisions in product standards that are too restrictive may have the unintended effect of
stifling innovation and environmental improvements.
Influence of provisions in product standards on the environment
5
5.1 In developing product standards, it is important to recognize how products can affect the
environment at different stages of their life cycle. The specific provisions of the product
standard will, to some extent, determine the relevant environmental aspects peculiar to the
product covered by the standard. In order to avoid excessive or inefficient material or energy
use, provisions should be no more stringent than necessary to achieve the product’s purpose
throughout its expected life. Conversely, provisions that are unduly lax may force the product
to be frequently replaced.
such as descriptive requirements or performance
5.2 When specifying requirements,
requirements, provisions in product standards affect the choices made during the design and
production of a new or improved product. For example, during all stages of the product’s life
cycle these choices can influence
the inputs and outputs associated with production processes;
a)
the inputs and outputs associated with packaging, transportation, distribution and use;
W
the options for reuse and recovery, including recycling or energy recovery of the
product, as well as its ease of disassembly, repair and restoration;
the options for disposal of the product and associated waste.
d)
5.3 The impacts these choices have on the environment will vary from product to product. All
products will not necessarily affect the environment equally at all stages of their life cycle.
5.4 Because a product’s environmental impacts are usually interrelated, an arbitrary emphasis
on a single environmental impact may alter environmental impacts at other stages of the
product’s life cycle or in other aspects of the local, regional or global environment.
6 Inputs and outputs to be considered in the development of product standards
6.1 A product’s environmental impacts are largely determined by the inputs that are used and
the outputs that are generated at all stages of the product’s life cycle. Changing any single
input, either to alter the materials and energy used, or to influence a single output, may affect
other inputs and outputs. (See figure 1.)
6.2 Inputs fall into two broad categories: materials and energy.
6.2.1 Material inputs to the raw material acquisition, manufacturing, transportation (including
packaging and storage), use/maintenance, reuse/recycling, and disposal of products can
produce a variety of environmental impacts. Material inputs used in product development
should also be considered. These impacts can include depletion of renewable and non-
renewable resources, detrimental land use,, and environmental or human exposure to
hazardous materials. Material inputs can also contribute to the generation of waste, emissions
to air, effluents to water, and other releases.
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@ IS0 IS0 GUIDE 64:1997(E)
----e---e
7
I
I
- Prevention of pollution
1
I
1
I
1
I
t
r
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ISO Guide 64:2000
01-april-2000
9RGLOR]DYNOMXþHYDQMHRNROMVNLKYLGLNRYYVWDQGDUGH]DSURL]YRGH
Guide for the inclusion of environmental aspects in product standards
Guide pour l'introduction des aspects environnementaux dans les normes de produit
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO Guide 64:1997
ICS:
01.120 Standardizacija. Splošna Standardization. General
pravila rules
13.020.01 Okolje in varstvo okolja na Environment and
splošno environmental protection in
general
SIST ISO Guide 64:2000 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST ISO Guide 64:2000
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SIST ISO Guide 64:2000
GUIDE 64
Guide for the inclusion of
environmental aspects in
product standards
First edition 1997
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST ISO Guide 64:2000
IS0 GUIDE 64:1997(E)
Foreword
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a
worldwide federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member
bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is
normally carried out through IS0 technical committees. Each
member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented
on that committee. International organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the
work. IS0 collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
IS0 guides are intended essentially for internal use in IS0
committees or in some cases for the guidance of member bodies
when dealing with matters that would not normally be the
subject of an International Standard.
IS0 Guide 64 was drawn up by Technical Committee lSO/TC 207,
Environmenta/ management, and was approved by IS0 and IEC
national bodies.
0 IS0 1997
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be re-
produced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case Postale 56 l CH-1211 Geneve 20 l Switzerland
Printed in Switzerland
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
SIST ISO Guide 64:2000
@ IS0 IS0 GUIDE 64:1997(E)
Introduction
Every product has some impact on the environment during its
manufacture, distribution, use or disposal. These impacts may
range from slight to significant; they may be short-term or long-
term; and they may occur at the global, regional or local level.
Provisions in product standards may have a significant influence
on the extent of these environmental impacts,,
. . .
III
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
SIST ISO Guide 64:2000
This page intentionally left blank
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
SIST ISO Guide 64:2000
0 IS0 IS0 GUIDE 64:1997(E)
Guide for the inclusion of environmental aspects in
product standards
1
Scope
1.1 This Guide covers the consideration of environmental impacts in product standards. It is
intended for standard writers; its purpose is
to raise awareness that provisions in product standards can affect the environment in
a)
both negative and positive ways;
to outline the relationship between product standards and the environment;
b)
to help avoid provisions in product standards that may lead to adverse environmental
d
impacts;
to emphasize that addressing environmental aspects during the development of
d)
product standards is a complex process and requires balancing competing priorities;
to recommend the use of life-cycle thinking and recognized scientific techniques when
e)
addressing environmental aspects of a product being standardized.
1.2 In order to achieve the purposes listed in 1.1, this Guide
sets forth some general considerations that should be taken into account when
a)
developing product standards that achieve a proper ball ante between product function
and environmental impacts;
outlines ways in which provisions in product standarc Is may affect the environment
b)
during the stages of a product’s life cycle;
addresses techniques for identifying and assessing the environmental impacts of
d
provisions in product standards;
highlights some ways to reduce adverse environmental impacts resulting from
d)
provisions in product standards.
To reflect the diversity of environmental impacts that products can have, this Guide may need
to be supplemented by sectoral guides.
I
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
SIST ISO Guide 64:2000
0 IS0
IS0 GUIDE 64:1997(E)
2 References
IS0 14001:1996, Environmenta/ management systems - Specification with guidance for
use
Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Principles and
IS0 14040 -,’
framework
lSO/IEC Guide 2: 1996, Standardization and related activities - Genera/ vocabulary
IEC Guide 109:1995, Environmental aspects -
Inclusion in electrotechnical product standards
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this Guide, the following definitions apply.
3. I standard writer
any person taking part in the preparation of standards
3.2 environmental aspect
element of an organization’s activities, products or services that can interact with the
environment
NOTE - A significant environmental aspect is an environmental aspect that has or can have a
significant environmental impact.
[ISO 14001]
3.3 environmental impact
any change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting
from an organization’s activities, products or services
[ISO 14001]
3.4 life cycle
consecutive and interlinked stages of a product system, from raw material acquisition or
generation of natural resources to the final disposal
[ISO 140401
t To be published.
2
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SIST ISO Guide 64:2000
IS0 GUIDE 64:1997(E)
@ IS0
3.5 prevention of pollution
use of processes, practices, materials or products that avoid, reduce or control pollution,
which may include recycling, treatment, process changes, control mechanisms, efficient use
of materials and material substitution
- The potential benefits of prevention of pollution include the reduction of environmental
NOTE
impacts, improved efficiency and reduced costs.
[ISO 14001]
3.6 product standard
standard that specifies requirements to be fulfilled by a product or group of products, to
establish its fitness for purpose
NOTES
1 A product standard may include in addition to the fitness for purpose requirements, directly or by
reference, aspects such as terminology, sampling, testing, packaging and labelling and, sometimes,
processing requirements.
2 A product standard can either be complete or not, according to whether it specifies all or only a part of
the necessary requirements. In this respect one may differentiate between standards such as
dimensional, material and technical delivery standards.
[lSO/IEC Guide 21
4 General considerations
4.1 Every product has some impact on the environment. These impacts may occur at any or
all stages of the product’s life cycle and can be local, regional or global, or a combination of
all three.
4.2 Anticipating or identifying a product’s environmental impacts is complex and agreement
is occasionally lacking on environmental cause-and-effect relationships. Attempts to address a
given environmental impact may have consequences at any or all of the stages of a product’s
life cycle.
4.3 Despite the difficulties involved, a product’s environmental impacts should be considered
when product standards are developed. Prevention of pollution, resource conservation and
other ways to reduce adverse environmental impacts should be considered. The intended use
and reasonably foreseeable misuse of a product should also be considered.
4.4 A product’s environmental impacts should be balanced against other factors, such as
product function, performance, safety a Id health, cost, marketability and quality; legal and
regulatory requirements have to be met.
4.5 Because the rate of innovation is higt I, review of product standards should be considered
impacts might be significantly reduced by the
whenever the adverse environmental
application of new knowledge.
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
SIST ISO Guide 64:2000
IS0 GUIDE 64:1997(E) @ ES0
4.6 Provisions in product standards that are too restrictive may have the unintended effect of
stifling innovation and environmental improvements.
Influence of provisions in product standards on the environment
5
5.1 In developing product standards, it is important to recognize how products can affect the
environment at different stages of their life cycle. The specific provisions of the product
standard will, to some extent, determine the relevant environmental aspects peculiar to the
product covered by the standard. In order to avoid excessive or inefficient material or energy
use, provisions should be no more stringent than necessary to achieve the product’s purpose
throughout its expected life. Conversely, provisions that are unduly lax may force the product
to be frequently replaced.
such as descriptive requirements or performance
5.2 When specifying requirements,
requirements, provisions in product standards affect the choices made during the design and
production of a new or improved product. For example, during all stages of the product’s life
cycle these choices can influence
the inputs and outputs associated with production processes;
a)
the inputs and outputs associated with packaging, transportation, distribution and use;
W
the options for reuse and recovery, including recycling or energy recovery of the
product, as well as its ease of disassembly, repair and restoration;
the options for disposal of the product and associated waste.
d)
5.3 The impacts these choices have on the environment will vary from product to product. All
products will not necessarily affect the environment equally at all stages of their life cycle.
5.4 Because a product’s environmental impacts are usually interrelated, an arbitrary emphasis
on a single environmental impact may alter environmental impacts at other stages of the
product’s life cycle or in other aspects of the local, regional or global environment.
6 Inputs and outputs to be considered in the development of product standards
6.1 A product’s environmental impacts are largely determined by the inputs that are used and
the outputs that are generated at all stages of the product’s life cycle. Changing any single
input, either to alter the materials and energy used, or to influence a single output, may affect
other inputs and outputs. (See figure 1.)
6.2 Inputs fall into two broad categories: materials and energy.
6.2.1 Material inputs to the raw material acqui
...
GUIDE 64
Guide pour I’introduction des
aspects environnementaux
clans les normes de produit
Premiere edition 1997
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GUIDE IS0 64:1997(F)
Avant-propos
L’ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une federation mondiale d’organismes nationaux de
normalisation (comites membres de I’ISO). L’elaboration des Normes internationales est en general confiee aux
comites techniques de I’ISO. Chaque comite membre inter-es& par une etude a le droit de faire partie du comite
technique tree a cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en
liaison avec I’ISO participent egalement aux travaux. L’ISO collabore etroitement avec la Commission
electrotechnique internationale (CEI) en ce qui concerne la normalisation electrotechnique.
Les guides IS0 sont destines essentiellement a I’usage interne des comites IS0 ou, dans certains cas, ils peuvent
servir de guides aux comites membres s’occupant de questions qui ne feraient pas normalement I’objet d’une
Norme internationale.
Le Guide IS0 64 a ete elabore par le comite technique ISOAT 207, Management environnemental et a ete
approuve par les organismes nationaux de I’ISO et de la CEI.
0 IS0 1997
Droits de reproduction reserves. Sauf prescription differente, aucune partie de cette publi-
cation ne peut etre reproduite ni utilisee sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun pro-
cede, electronique ou mecanique, y compris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans l’accord
ecrit de I’editeur.
Organisation internationale de normalisation
Case postale 56 l CH-1211 Geneve 20 l Suisse
Imprime en Suisse
ii
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0 IS0
GUIDE IS0 64:1997(F)
Introduction
Chaque produit a un impact sur I’environnement aux stades de la fabrication, de la distribution, de I’utilisation et de
I’elimination des dechets. Ces impacts peuvent etre legers ou considerables, ils peuvent se produire a court terme
ou a long terme, a un niveau global, regional ou local. Les dispositions contenues dans les normes de produit
peuvent avoir une incidence significative sur II&endue de ces impacts environnementaux.
. . .
III
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0 IS0 GUIDE IS0 64:1997(F)
Guide pour I”introduction des aspects environnementaux
dans les normes de produit
1 Domaine d’application
1.1 Le present Guide traite de la prise en compte des impacts environnementaux dans les normes de produit. II
s’adresse aux redacteurs de normes; ses objectifs sont
d’attirer I’attention sur le fait que certaines dispositions contenues dans les normes de produit peuvent avoir
a)
des effets positifs ou negatifs sur I’environnement;
de souligner le lien entre normes de produit et environnement;
b)
d’aider a eviter des dispositions de normes de produit qui peuvent avoir des impacts nefastes pour
C>
I’environnement;
de souligner le fait qu’aborder les aspects environnementaux au tours du developpement des normes de
d)
produit est un processus complexe qui exige d’evaluer les differentes priorites;
de recommander la reflexion en termes d’utilisation du cycle de vie et de techniques scientifiques reconnues,
e)
pour traiter les aspects environnementaux d’un produit en tours de normalisation.
12 . Pour realiser les objectifs &urn&es en 1 .I, le present Guide
expose certaines considerations g&Wales qu’il convient de prendre en compte lors du developpement de
a)
normes de produit, qui visent a realiser un equilibre adequat entre la fonction des produits et les impacts
environnementaux;
met I’accent sur les facons dont les dispositions contenues dans les normes de produit peuvent affecter
b)
I’environnement au tours des differents stades du cycle de vie d’un produit;
traite des techniques d’identification et d’analyse des impacts environnementaux resultant des dispositions
C)
contenues dans les normes de produit;
met en lumiere des moyens pour reduire les impacts environnementaux nefastes resultant des dispositions
d)
contenues dans les normes de produit.
Pour refleter la diversite des impacts environnementaux que les produits peuvent avoir, le present Guide peut etre
complete par des guides sectoriels.
1
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GUIDE IS0 64:1997(F) 0 IS0
2 Refbrences
Spkification et lignes directrices pour son
IS0 14001 :I 996, Systkmes de management environnemental-
u tilisa tion
,
IS0 14040: -l) Management environnemental - Analyse du cycle de vie - Principe et cadre
Guide ISO/CEI 2, Normalisation et activitks connexes - Vocabulaire g&&al
Guide CEI 109 :1995, Aspects /i& 5 I’environnement- Prise en compte dans /es normes klectrotechniques de
produit
3 Definitions
Pour les besoins du present Guide, les definitions suivantes s’appliquent.
3.1 rbdacteur de normes
toute personne qui prend part a la preparation des normes
3.2 aspect environnemental
element des activites, produits ou services d’un organisme susceptible d’interactions avec I’environnement
NOTE - Un aspect environnemental significatif est un aspect environnemental qui a ou peut avoir un impact
environnemental significatif.
[ISO 14001]
3.3 impact environnemental
toute modification de l’environnement, negative ou benefique, resultant totalement ou partiellement des activites,
produits ou services d’un organisme
[ISO 14001]
3.4 cycle de vie
phases consecutives et liees d’un systeme de produits, de I’acquisition des matieres premieres ou de la generation
des ressources naturelles a I’elimination finale
[ISO 140401
3.5 prhvention de la pollution
utilisation de procedes, pratiques, materiaux ou produits qui empeche, reduit ou controle la pollution, qui peut
inclure le recyclage, le traitement, les changements de procedes, les mecanismes de controle, l’utilisation efficace
des ressources et la substitution de materiaux
Les bhkfices potentiels de la prevention de la pollution incluent la rkduction des impacts environnementaux
NOTE -
nbgatifs, I’am6lioration de I’efficacite et la rkduction des cotits.
[ISO 14001]
3.6 norme du produit
norme qui specific les exigences auxquelles doit satisfaire un produit ou un groupe de produits pour assurer
son/leur aptitude a I’emploi
I) A publier.
2
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0 IS0
GUIDE IS0 64:1997(F)
NOTES
1 Une norme de produit peut comporter, outre les exigences d’aptitude A I’emploi, soit directement, soit par reference, des
Mments relatifs & la terminologie, B I’6chantillonnage’ & I’essai, 5 I’emballage, & I’etiquetage et parfois des exigences de
pro&d&
2 Une norme de produit peut 6tre compkte ou non, selon qu’elle sp6cifie les exigences nkessaires en totalit ou en partie.
En I’occurrence, on peut 6tablir une distinction entre les normes dimensionnelles, les normes relatives aux materiaux ou les
normes techniques de livraison.
[Guide ISO/CEI 21
4 Considbations gh6rales
produit a un impact su r I’environnement . Ces im pacts peuvent se produire a n’importe lequel ou a tous
4.1 Chaque
cycle d e vie du produi t. Ils peuvent etre locaux, regionaux ou globaux ou u ne combina .ison des trois.
les stades du
4.2 L’anticipation ou I’identification des impacts environnementaux d’un produit est complexe et il est parfois
difficile d’obtenir un accord sur les relations environnementales de causes a effets. Les tentatives d’aborder un
impact environnemental donne peuvent avoir des consequences a n’importe quel ou a tous les stades du cycle de
vie d’un produit.
4.3 En depit des difficult& que cela implique, il convient de considerer les impacts environnementaux d’un produit
lors du developpement des normes de produit. II convient que la prevention de la pollution, la conservation des
ressources et les autres moyens de reduire les impacts negatifs sur I’environnement soient examines. II convient
que I’usage prevu et le mauvais usage raisonnablement previsible d’un produit soient egalement examines.
4.4 II convient de comparer les impacts environnementaux d’un produit aux autres facteurs, tels que fonctionnalite,
performance, securite, impacts sur la Sante, tout, possibilite de le mettre sur le marche et qualite du produit; les
exigences legales et reglementaires doivent etre respectees.
4.5 Vu le taux eleve d’innovation, il convient que la revision des normes de produit soit examinee chaque fois que
les impacts negatifs sur I’environnement pourraient etre reduits de facon significative par I’application de nouvelles
connaissances.
4.6 Les dispositions contenues dans les normes de produit qui sont trop contraignantes peuvent avoir pour effet
non intentionnel d’entraver I’innovation et les ameliorations environnementales.
5 Influence des dispositions contenues dans les normes de produit sur I’environnement
5.1 Lors du developpement de normes de produit, il est important de savoir comment les produits peuvent affecter
I’environnement aux differents stades de leur cycle de vie. Les dispositions specifiques contenues dans les normes
de produit determineront, dans une certaine mesure, les aspects environnementaux importants lies au produit
concerne par la norme. Afin d’eviter d’utiliser du materiel ou de I’energie de facon excessive ou inefficace, il
convient que les dispositions ne soient pas plus contraignantes que celles necessaires pour que le produit
remplisse son objectif tout au long de sa vie previsible. Par contre, les dispositions indument faibles peuvent
contraindre au remplacement frequent du produit.
5.2 En specifiant les exigences, telles que des exigences descriptives ou des exigences concernant la
performance, les dispositions contenues dans les normes de produit affectent les choix operes pendant la
conception et la production d’un produit nouveau ou ameliore. Par exemple, pendant tous les stades du cycle de vie
du produit, les choix suivants peuvent influencer:
les entrants et les sortants lies aux procedes de fabrication;
4
les entrants et les sortants lies a I’emballage, au transport, a la distribution et a I’utilisation;
b)
3
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GUIDE IS0 64:1997(F) 0 IS0
c) les options pour la reutilisation et la recuperation, y compris le recyclage ou la recuperation d’energie, de meme
que la facilite de demontage, de reparation et de restauration;
les options pour l’elimination des produits et des dechets associes.
5.3 Les impacts que ces choix ont sur I’environnement varieront d’un produit a I’autre. Tous les produits
n’affecteront pas necessairement I’environnement de facon egale a tous les stades de leur cycle de vie.
5.4 Les impacts environnementaux d’un produit &ant generalement en correlation, une mise en relief arbitraire
d’un seul impact environnemental peut modifier les impacts environnementaux a d’autres stades du cycle de vie du
produit ou dans d’autres aspects de I’environnement local, regional ou global.
6 Entrants et sortants 5 examiner lors du dkveloppement des normes de produit
6.1 Les impacts environnementaux d’un produit sont largement determines par les entrants utilises et les sortants
generes a tous les stades du cycle de vie du produit. Changer un seul entrant, soit pour modifier les materiaux et
I’energie utilises, soit pour influencer un seul sortant, peut affecter les autres entrants et sortants. (Voir la figure 1.)
62 . Les entrants tombent dans deux grandes categories: les materiaux et I’energie.
6.2.1 Les entrants de materiaux pour I’acquisition des matieres premieres, pour la fabrication, le transport (y
compris I’emballage et le stockage), I’utilisationAa maintenance, la reutilisation/le recyclage et I’elimination des
produits peuvent avoir divers impacts sur I’environnement. II convient egalement d’examiner les entrants de
materiaux dans le developpement des produits. Ces impacts peuvent inclure I’epuisement de ressources
renouvelables et non renouvelables, I’utilisation prejudiciable des sols et I’exposition de I’environnement ou des
etres humains aux materiaux dangereux. Les entrants de materiaux peuvent egalement contribuer a la production
de dechets, d’emissions dans I’air, de rejets dans I’eau et d’autres rejets.
6.2.2 Les entrants d’energie sont necessaires a la plupart des stades du cycle de vie d’un produit. Les sources
d’energie incluent le petrole, l’energie nucleaire, I’energie provenant de la recuperation des dechets, les energies
hydroelectrique, geothermique, solaire et eolienne, et d’autres sources. Chaque source d’energie a son propre lot
d’impacts environnementaux.
6.3 Les sortants g&r&es pendant le cycle de vie d’un produit incluent generalement le produit lui-meme, les
produits intermediaires et sous-produits, les emissions dans I’air, les rejets dans I’eau, les dechet solides et autres
rejets.
6.3.1 Les emis
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