SIST EN ISO 16474-2:2014
(Main)Paints and varnishes - Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources - Part 2: Xenon-arc lamps (ISO 16474-2:2013)
Paints and varnishes - Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources - Part 2: Xenon-arc lamps (ISO 16474-2:2013)
This part of ISO 16474 specifies methods for exposing specimens to xenon-arc light in the presence of moisture to reproduce the weathering effects that occur when materials are exposed in actual end-use environments to daylight or to daylight filtered through window glass. The specimens are exposed to filtered xenon-arc light under controlled conditions (temperature, humidity and/or wetting). Various types of xenon-arc lamps and various filter combinations may be used to meet all the requirements for testing different materials. Specimen preparation and evaluation of the results are covered in other International Standards for specific materials. General guidance is given in ISO 16474-1.
Beschichtungsstoffe - Künstliches Bestrahlen oder Bewittern in Geräten - Teil 2: Xenonbogenlampen (ISO 16474-2:2013)
Dieser Teil von ISO 16474 legt Verfahren zum Beanspruchen von Probenplatten mit Xenonbogenlicht in Anwesenheit von Feuchte fest, um die Einflüsse der Bewitterung zu reproduzieren, die auftreten, wenn Materialien im Endgebrauch in den vorhandenen Umgebungen durch Tageslicht oder durch Fensterglas gefiltertes Tageslicht beansprucht werden. Die Probenplatten werden durch gefiltertes Xenonbogenlicht unter geregelten Bedingungen (Temperatur, Luftfeuchte und/oder Befeuchtung) beansprucht. Verschiedene Typen von Xenonbogenlampen und verschiedene Kombinationen von Filtern können angewendet werden, um alle Anforderungen zu erfüllen, die bei der Prüfung unterschiedlicher Materialien gestellt werden. Die Herstellung der Probenplatten und die Bewertung der Ergebnisse werden in anderen Internationalen Normen für spezielle Materialien behandelt. Eine allgemeine Anleitung wird in ISO 16474-1 gegeben. ANMERKUNG Die Beanspruchung von Kunststoffen mit Xenonbogenlampen wird in ISO 4892-2 beschrieben.
Peintures et vernis - Méthodes d'exposition à des sources lumineuses de laboratoire - Partie 2: Lampes à arc au xénon (ISO 16474-2:2013)
L'ISO 16474-2:2013 spécifie des méthodes pour l'exposition d'éprouvettes à des sources lumineuses à arc au xénon en présence d'humidité pour reproduire les effets de vieillissement qui se produisent lorsque des matériaux sont exposés, dans les environnements d'utilisation finale réels, à la lumière du jour ou bien à la lumière du jour filtrée à travers un vitrage de fenêtre.
Les éprouvettes sont exposées à des sources lumineuses à arc au xénon filtrées, dans des conditions maîtrisées (température, humidité et/ou mouillage). Divers types de lampes à arc au xénon et différentes combinaisons de filtres peuvent être utilisés pour répondre à toutes les exigences relatives aux essais de différents matériaux.
La préparation des éprouvettes et l'évaluation des résultats sont traitées dans d'autres Normes internationales concernant les matériaux spécifiques.
Des lignes directrices générales sont données dans l'ISO 16474‑1. L'exposition des matières plastiques aux lampes à arc au xénon est décrite dans l'ISO 4892‑2.
Barve in laki - Metode izpostavljanja laboratorijskim virom svetlobe - 2. del: Ksenonske obločne svetilke (ISO 16474-2:2013)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 16474-2:2014
01-februar-2014
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN ISO 11341:2005
%DUYHLQODNL0HWRGHL]SRVWDYOMDQMDODERUDWRULMVNLPYLURPVYHWOREHGHO
.VHQRQVNHREORþQHVYHWLONH ,62
Paints and varnishes - Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources - Part 2: Xenon-
arc lamps (ISO 16474-2:2013)
Beschichtungsstoffe - Künstliches Bestrahlen oder Bewittern in Geräten - Teil 2:
Xenonbogenlampen (ISO 16474-2:2013)
Peintures et vernis - Méthodes d'exposition à des sources lumineuses de laboratoire -
Partie 2: Lampes à arc au xénon (ISO 16474-2:2013)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 16474-2:2013
ICS:
87.040 Barve in laki Paints and varnishes
SIST EN ISO 16474-2:2014 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 16474-2:2014
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SIST EN ISO 16474-2:2014
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 16474-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
November 2013
ICS 87.040 Supersedes EN ISO 11341:2004
English Version
Paints and varnishes - Methods of exposure to laboratory light
sources - Part 2: Xenon-arc lamps (ISO 16474-2:2013)
Peintures et vernis - Méthodes d'exposition à des sources Beschichtungsstoffe - Künstliches Bestrahlen oder
lumineuses de laboratoire - Partie 2: Lampes à arc au Bewittern in Geräten - Teil 2: Xenonbogenlampen (ISO
xénon (ISO 16474-2:2013) 16474-2:2013)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 October 2013.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 16474-2:2013 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 16474-2:2014
EN ISO 16474-2:2013 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
2
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SIST EN ISO 16474-2:2014
EN ISO 16474-2:2013 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 16474-2:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 35 "Paints and
varnishes" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 139 “Paints and varnishes” the secretariat of
which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the
latest by May 2014.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 11341:2004.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 16474-2:2013 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 16474-2:2013 without any modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 16474-2:2014
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SIST EN ISO 16474-2:2014
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16474-2
First edition
2013-11-15
Paints and varnishes — Methods of
exposure to laboratory light sources —
Part 2:
Xenon-arc lamps
Peintures et vernis — Méthodes d’exposition à des sources lumineuses
de laboratoire —
Partie 2: Lampes à arc au xénon
Reference number
ISO 16474-2:2013(E)
©
ISO 2013
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SIST EN ISO 16474-2:2014
ISO 16474-2:2013(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2013
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 16474-2:2014
ISO 16474-2:2013(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Apparatus . 3
5.1 Laboratory light source . 3
5.2 Test chamber . 4
5.3 Radiometer . 5
5.4 Black-standard/black-panel thermometer . 5
5.5 Wetting and humidity-control equipment . 5
5.6 Specimen holders . 5
5.7 Apparatus to assess changes in properties . 6
6 Test specimens. 6
7 Exposure conditions . 6
7.1 Radiation . 6
7.2 Temperature . 6
7.3 Relative humidity of chamber air . 7
7.4 Spray cycle . 8
7.5 Cycles with dark periods . 8
7.6 Sets of exposure conditions . 9
8 Procedure. 9
8.1 General . 9
8.2 Mounting the test specimens . 9
8.3 Exposure . 9
8.4 Duration of test .10
8.5 Measurement of radiant exposure .10
8.6 Determination of changes in properties after exposure .10
9 Test report .10
Annex A (informative) Filtered xenon-arc radiation — Spectral power distribution .11
Annex B (normative) Additional exposure cycles .13
Bibliography .15
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SIST EN ISO 16474-2:2014
ISO 16474-2:2013(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directives
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patents
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 35, Paints and varnishes, Subcommittee SC 9,
General test methods for paints and varnishes.
This first edition of ISO 16474-2, together with ISO 16474-1, cancels and replaces ISO 11341:2004 which
has been technically revised.
ISO 16474 consists of the following parts, under the general title Paints and varnishes — Methods of
exposure to laboratory light sources:
— Part 1: General guidance
— Part 2: Xenon-arc lamps
— Part 3: Fluorescent UV lamps
— Part 4: Open-flame carbon-arc lamps
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SIST EN ISO 16474-2:2014
ISO 16474-2:2013(E)
Introduction
Coatings of paints, varnishes and similar materials (subsequently referred to simply as coatings) are
exposed to laboratory light sources, in order to simulate in the laboratory the ageing processes which
occur during natural weathering or during exposure tests under glass cover.
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SIST EN ISO 16474-2:2014
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16474-2:2013(E)
Paints and varnishes — Methods of exposure to laboratory
light sources —
Part 2:
Xenon-arc lamps
1 Scope
This part of ISO 16474 specifies methods for exposing specimens to xenon-arc light in the presence of
moisture to reproduce the weathering effects that occur when materials are exposed in actual end-use
environments to daylight or to daylight filtered through window glass.
The specimens are exposed to filtered xenon-arc light under controlled conditions (temperature,
humidity and/or wetting). Various types of xenon-arc lamps and various filter combinations may be
used to meet all the requirements for testing different materials.
Specimen preparation and evaluation of the results are covered in other International Standards for
specific materials.
General guidance is given in ISO 16474-1.
NOTE Xenon-arc exposures for plastics are described in ISO 4892-2.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 4618, Paints and varnishes — Terms and definitions
ISO 9370, Plastics — Instrumental determination of radiant exposure in weathering tests — General
guidance and basic test method
ISO 16474-1, Paints and varnishes — Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources — Part 1: General guidance
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 4618 and the following apply.
3.1
radiant exposure
H
amount of radiant energy to which a test panel has been exposed
Note 1 to entry: Radiant exposure is given by the equation HE=⋅dt .
∫
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SIST EN ISO 16474-2:2014
ISO 16474-2:2013(E)
where
H is the radiant exposure, in joules per square metre;
E is the irradiance, in watts per square metre;
t is the exposure time, in seconds.
Note 2 to entry: If the irradiance E is constant throughout the whole exposure time, the radiant exposure H is
given simply by the product of E and t.
4 Principle
4.1 A xenon arc, fitted with suitable filters and properly maintained, is used to simulate the spectral
power distribution of daylight in the ultraviolet (UV) and visible regions of the spectrum.
4.2 Specimens are exposed to various levels of irradiance (radiant exposure), heat, relative humidity
and water (see 4.4) under controlled environmental conditions.
4.3 The exposure conditions may be varied by selection of
a) the light filter(s);
b) the irradiance level;
c) the temperature during light exposure;
d) the relative humidity of the chamber air during light and dark exposures, when test conditions
requiring control of humidity are used;
e) the type of wetting (see 4.4);
f) the water temperature and wetting cycle;
g) the timing of the light/dark cycle.
4.4 Wetting is usually produced by spraying the test specimens with demineralized/deionized water,
by immersion in water or by condensation of water vapour onto the surfaces of the specimens.
4.5 The procedure shall include measurements of the irradiance and radiant exposure in the plane of
the specimens.
4.6 It is recommended that a similar material of known performance (a control) be exposed
simultaneously with the test specimens to provide a standard for comparative purposes.
4.7 Intercomparison of results obtained from specimens exposed in different equipments should not
be made unless an appropriate statistical relationship has been established between the equipments for
the particular material to be tested.
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SIST EN ISO 16474-2:2014
ISO 16474-2:2013(E)
5 Apparatus
5.1 Laboratory light source
5.1.1 General
The light source shall comprise one or more quartz-jacketed xenon-arc lamps which emit radiation from
below 270 nm in the ultraviolet through the visible spectrum and into the infrared. In order to simulate
daylight, filters shall be used to remove short-wavelength UV radiation (method A, see Table 1). Filters
to minimize irradiance at wavelengths shorter than 310 nm shall be used to simulate daylight through
window glass (method B, see Table 2). In addition, filters to remove infrared radiation may be used to
prevent unrealistic heating of the test specimens, which can cause thermal degradation not experienced
during outdoor exposures.
NOTE Solar spectral irradiance for a number of different atmospheric conditions is described in CIE No. 85.
The benchmark daylight used in this part of ISO 16474 is that defined in CIE No. 85:1989, Table 4.
5.1.2 Spectral irradiance of xenon-arc lamps with daylight filters
[2]
Filters are used to filter xenon-arc emissions in order to simulate daylight (CIE No. 85:1989, Table 4 ).
The minimum and maximum levels of the relative spectral irradiance in the UV wavelength range are
given in Table 1 (see also Annex A).
a,b
Table 1 — Relative spectral irradiance of xenon-arc lamps with daylight filter (method A)
c d,e c
Spectral passband Minimum CIE No. 85:1989, Table 4 Maximum
(λ = wavelength in nm) % % %
λ < 290 0,15
290 ≤ λ ≤ 320 2,6 5,4 7,9
320 < λ ≤ 360 28,2 38,2 39,8
360 < λ ≤ 400 54,2 56,4 67,5
a
This table gives the irradiance in the given passband, expressed as a percentage of the total irradiance between
290 nm and 400 nm. To determine whether a specific filter or set of filters for a xenon-arc lamp meets the requirements of
this table, the spectral irradiance has to be measured from 250 nm to 400 nm. Typically, this is done in 2 nm increments. The
total irradiance in each wavelength passband is then summed and divided by the total irradiance from 290 nm to 400 nm.
b
The minimum and maximum limits in this table are based on more than 100 spectral irradiance measurements
with water- and air-cooled xenon-arc lamps with daylight filters from different production lots and of various ages, used
in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer. As more spectral irradiance data become available, minor
changes in the limits are possible. The minimum and maximum limits are at least three sigma from the mean for all the
measurements.
c
The minimum and maximum columns will not necessarily sum to 100 % because they represent the minima and
maxima for the measurement data used. For any individual spectral irradiance, the percentages calculated for the passbands
in this table will sum to 100 %. For any individual xenon-arc lamp with daylight filters, the calculated percentage in each
passband shall fall within the minimum and maximum limits given. Exposure results can be expected to differ if obtained
using xenon-arc apparatus in which the spectral irradiances differ by as much as that allowed by the tolerances. Contact the
manufacturer of the xenon-arc apparatus for specific spectral irradiance data for the xenon-arc lamp and filters used.
d
The data from CIE Publication No. 85:1989, Table 4 is the global solar irradiance on a horizontal surface for an air
mass of 1,0, an ozone column of 0,34 cm at STP, 1,42 cm of precipitable water vapour and a spectral optical depth of aerosol
extinction of 0,1 at 500 nm. These data are target values for xenon-arc lamps with daylight filters.
e
For the solar spectrum represented in CIE No. 85:1989, Table 4, the UV irradiance (between 290 nm and 400 nm) is
11 % and the visible irradiance (between 400 nm and 800 nm) is 89 %, expressed as a percentage of the total irradiance
between 290 nm and 800 nm. The percentage of the UV irradiance and that of the visible irradiance incident on specimens
exposed in xenon-arc apparatus can vary due to the number of specimens being exposed and their reflectance properties.
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SIST EN ISO 16474-2:2014
ISO 16474-2:2013(E)
5.1.3 Spectral irradiance of xenon-arc lamps with window glass filters
Filters are used to filter the xenon-arc lamp emissions in order to simulate daylight which has passed
through window glass. The minimum and maximum levels of the relative spectral irradiance in the UV
region are given in Table 2 (see also Annex A).
a,b
Table 2 — Relative spectral irradiance for xenon-arc lamps with window glass filters (method B)
c c
Spectral passband Minimum CIE No. 85:1989, Table 4 plus Maximum
d,e
effect of window glass
(λ = wavelength in nm) % % %
λ < 300 0,29
300 ≤ λ ≤ 320 0,1 ≤ 1 2,8
320 < λ ≤ 360 23,8 33,1 35,5
360 < λ ≤ 400 62,4 66,0 76,2
a
This table gives the irradiance in the given passband, expressed as a percentage of the total irradiance between
290 nm and 400 nm. To determine whether a specific filter or set of filters for a xenon-arc lamp meets the requirements of
this table, the spectral irradiance has to be measured from 250 nm to 400 nm. Typically, this is done in 2 nm increments. The
total irradiance in each passband is then summed and divided by the total irradiance between 290 nm and 400 nm.
b
The minimum and maximum limits in this table are based on more than 30 spectral irradiance measurements with
water- and air-cooled xenon-arc lamps with window glass filters from different production lots and of various ages, used
in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer. As more spectral irradiance data become available, minor
changes in the limits are possible. The minimum and maximum limits are at least three sigma from the mean for all the
measurements.
c
The minimum and maximum columns will not necessarily sum to 100 % because they represent the minima and
maxima for the data used. For any individual spectral irradiance, the percentages calculated for the passbands in this table
will sum to 100 %. For any individual xenon-arc lamp with window glass filters, the calculated percentage in each passband
shall fall within the minimum and maximum limits given. Exposure results can be expected to differ if obtained using
xenon-arc apparatus in which the spectral irradiances differ by as much as that allowed by the tolerances. Contact the
manufacturer of the xenon-arc apparatus for specific spectral irradiance data for the xenon-arc lamp and filters used.
d
The data from CIE No. 85:1989, Table 4 plus the effect of window glass was determined by multiplying the CIE
No. 85:1989, Table 4 data by the spectral transmittance of 3-mm-thick window glass (see Table A.1). These data are target
values for xenon-arc lamps with window glass filters.
e
For the CIE No. 85:1989 plus window glass data, the UV irradiance between 300 nm and 400 nm is typically about
9 % and the visible irradiance (between 400 nm and 800 nm) is typically about 91 %, expressed as a percentage of the total
irradiance between 300 nm and 800 nm. The percentage of the UV irradiance and that of the visible irradiance incident on
specimens exposed in xenon-arc apparatus can vary due to the number of specimens being exposed and their reflectance
properties.
5.1.4 Irradiance uniformity
The irradiance at any position in the area used for specimen exposure shall be at least 80 % of the
maximum irradiance. Requirements for periodic repositioning of specimens when this requirement is
not met are described in ISO 16474-1.
For some materials of high reflectivity, or/and high sensitivity to irradiance and temperature, periodic
repositioning of specimens is recommended to ensure uniformity of exposures, even when the irradiance
uniformity in the exposure area is within the limits so that repositioning is not required.
5.2 Test chamber
The design of the test chamber may vary, but it shall be constructed from inert material. In addition
to the controlled irradiance, the test chamber shall provide for control of temperature. For exposures
that require control of humidity, the test chamber shall include humidity-control facilities that meet
the requirements of ISO 16474-1. When required by the exposure used, the apparatus shall also include
facilities for the provision of water spray or the formation of condensate on the surface of the test
specimens, or for the immersion of the specimens in water. Water used for water spray shall meet the
requirements of ISO 16474-1.
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SIST EN ISO 16474-2:2014
ISO 16474-2:2013(E)
The light source(s) shall be located, with respect to the specimens, such that the irradiance at the
specimen surface complies with 5.1.
NOTE If the lamp system (one or more lamps) is centrally positioned in the chamber, the effect of any
eccentricity of the lamp(s) on the uniformity of exposure can be reduced by using a rotating frame carrying the
specimens or by repositioning or rotating the lamps.
Should any ozone be generated from operation of the lamp(s), the lamp(s) shall be isolated from the test
specimens and operating personnel. If the ozone is in an air stream, it shall be vented directly to the
outside of the building.
5.3 Radiometer
The radiometer used shall comply with the requirements outlined in ISO 16474-1 and ISO 9370.
5.4 Black-standard/black-panel thermometer
The black-standard or black-panel thermometer used shall comply with the requirements for these
devices given in ISO 16474-1.
NOTE The preferred maximum surface temperature device is the black-standard thermometer. The cycles
are described in Table 3 and Table B.1.
5.5 Wetting and humidity-control equipment
5.5.1 General
Specimens may be exposed to moisture in the form of water spray or condensation, or by immersion.
Specific exposure conditions using water spray are described in Table 3 (see also Table B.1) and Table 4
(see also Table B.2). If condensation, immersion or other
...
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