SIST EN ISO 22476-15:2016
(Main)Geotechnical investigation and testing - Field testing - Part 15: Measuring while drilling (ISO 22476-15:2016)
Geotechnical investigation and testing - Field testing - Part 15: Measuring while drilling (ISO 22476-15:2016)
This standard specifies the technical principles for measuring equipment requirements, the execution and reporting on the parameters of investigation drilling process for geotechnical purposes.
The measuring while drilling (MWD) method deals with the recording of the machine parameters during the drilling process. This can be done manually or with the use of computerized systems which monitor a series of sensors installed on rotary and/or percussive drilling equipment. These sensors continuously and automatically collect data on all aspects of drilling, in real time, without interfering with the drilling progress. The data are displayed in realtime and are also recorded for further analysis.
Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung - Felduntersuchungen - Teil 15: Aufzeichnung der Bohrparameter (ISO 22476-15:2016)
Dieser Teil von ISO 22476 behandelt die technischen Grundlagen für die Anforderungen an Messausrüstung, die Durchführung und die Protokollierung der Parameter des Bohrprozesses für geotechnische Zwecke.
Die Norm gilt für destruktive Bohrverfahren mit Kraftdrehkopf, die mit einem Bohrgerät und einer Bohrvorrichtung, vollständig hydraulisch angetrieben, durchgeführt werden. In der Regel werden diese Verfahren mit destruktiven Bohrtechniken angewandt, die Kernbohrung kann jedoch auch zum Einsatz kommen.
Die Aufzeichnung der Bohrparameter während des Verpressens des Bodens oder des Bohrens von Nägeln, Ankern oder Pfählen fällt nicht in den Anwendungsbereich dieses Teils von ISO 22476.
Reconnaissance et essais - Essais de sol - Partie 15: Enregistrement des paramètre de forages (ISO 22476-15:2016)
La présente partie de l'ISO 22476 traite des principes techniques pour la définition des exigences applicables à l'équipement de mesure ainsi que la mise en œuvre et la consignation des paramètres du processus de mesure en cours de foragedans le cadre de reconnaissances géotechniques.
Elle s'applique aux méthodes de forage destructif entraînées par le haut et réalisées par une machine de forage et un dispositif de forage entièrement hydrauliques. Elle est habituellement mise en œuvre avec les techniques de forage destructif mais peut également être utilisée dans le cadre d'opérations de carottage.
L'enregistrement des paramètres de forage pendant l'injection de ciment dans le sol ou le forage pour la réalisation de clous, ancrages ou pieux n'entre pas dans le cadre de la présente partie de l'ISO 22476.
Geotehnično preiskovanje in preskušanje - Preskušanje na terenu - 15. del: Meritve ob vrtanju (ISO 22476-15:2016)
Ta standard določa tehnična načela za zahteve merilne opreme, izvedbo in poročanje o parametrih postopka raziskovalnega vrtanja za geotehnične namene. Metoda meritve ob vrtanju (MWD) obravnava beleženje parametrov stroja med postopkom vrtanja. To je mogoče narediti ročno ali z uporabo računalniških sistemov, ki spremljajo niz senzorjev, nameščenih na rotacijsko in/ali udarno opremo za vrtanje. Ti senzorji neprekinjeno in samodejno zbirajo podatke o vseh vidikih vrtanja v realnem času, ne da bi ovirali napredovanja vrtanja. Podatki so prikazani v realnem času in se tudi beležijo za nadaljnje analize.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 22476-15:2016
01-november-2016
*HRWHKQLþQRSUHLVNRYDQMHLQSUHVNXãDQMH3UHVNXãDQMHQDWHUHQXGHO
0HULWYHREYUWDQMX ,62
Geotechnical investigation and testing - Field testing - Part 15: Measuring while drilling
(ISO 22476-15:2016)
Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung - Felduntersuchungen - Teil 15:
Aufzeichnung der Bohrparameter (ISO 22476-15:2016)
Reconnaissance et essais - Essais de sol - Partie 15: Enregistrement des paramètre de
forages (ISO 22476-15:2016)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 22476-15:2016
ICS:
93.020 Zemeljska dela. Izkopavanja. Earthworks. Excavations.
Gradnja temeljev. Dela pod Foundation construction.
zemljo Underground works
SIST EN ISO 22476-15:2016 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 22476-15:2016
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 22476-15:2016
EN ISO 22476-15
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
August 2016
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 93.020
English Version
Geotechnical investigation and testing - Field testing - Part
15: Measuring while drilling (ISO 22476-15:2016)
Reconnaissance et essais - Essais de sol - Partie 15: Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung -
Enregistrement des paramètre de forages (ISO 22476- Felduntersuchungen - Teil 15: Aufzeichnung der
15:2016) Bohrparameter (ISO 22476-15:2016)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 August 2016.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 22476-15:2016 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 22476-15:2016
EN ISO 22476-15:2016 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
2
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 22476-15:2016
EN ISO 22476-15:2016 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 22476-15:2016) has been prepared by CEN/TC 341 “Geotechnical Investigation
and Testing”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI, in collaboration with Technical Committee
ISO/TC 182 “Geotechnics”.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2017, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2017.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 22476-15:2016 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 22476-15:2016 without any
modification.
3
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 22476-15:2016
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 22476-15:2016
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22476-15
First edition
2016-08-15
Geotechnical investigation and
testing — Field testing —
Part 15:
Measuring while drilling
Reconnaissance et essais — Essais de sol —
Partie 15: Enregistrement des paramètre de forages
Reference number
ISO 22476-15:2016(E)
©
ISO 2016
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 22476-15:2016
ISO 22476-15:2016(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 22476-15:2016
ISO 22476-15:2016(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols . 2
5 Equipment . 3
5.1 General . 3
5.2 Drilling equipment. 4
5.3 Measuring system . 4
5.3.1 General. 4
5.3.2 Sensors for hydraulic pressures . 5
5.3.3 Measuring system for penetration length . 5
5.3.4 Measuring system for flushing medium flow . 5
5.3.5 Measuring system for rotational speed . 5
5.3.6 Measuring of hammering energy . 6
5.3.7 Reflected vibrations . 6
5.3.8 Time . 6
5.4 Selection of measured parameters . 6
5.5 Factors influencing MWD results . 7
5.5.1 Tool influence . 7
5.5.2 Drilling rig influence . 7
5.5.3 Operator influence . 7
6 Test procedures . 7
6.1 General . 7
6.2 Position and level of drill rig . 8
6.3 Preparation of the measurement . 8
6.4 Drilling procedure . 8
6.5 Frequency of logging parameters . 9
6.6 Registration of penetration length . 9
6.7 Test completion . 9
6.8 Equipment checks and calibrations .10
7 Test results .10
7.1 General .10
7.2 Calculated parameters .10
7.2.1 General.10
7.2.2 Penetration rate .10
7.2.3 Down-thrust pressure .10
7.2.4 Net down-thrust pressure .11
7.2.5 Flushing medium pressure .11
7.2.6 Drill head rotational torque .11
8 Reporting .12
8.1 General .12
8.2 Reporting of test results .12
Annex A (informative) Application of drilling parameters .14
Annex B (informative) Graphical presentation of drilling parameters .20
Bibliography .22
© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 22476-15:2016
ISO 22476-15:2016(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment,
as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the
Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
ISO 22476-15 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) in collaboration
with ISO/TC 182, Geotechnics, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO
and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
A list of all parts in the ISO 22476 series, published under the general title Geotechnical investigation and
testing — Field testing, can be found on the ISO website.
iv © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 22476-15:2016
ISO 22476-15:2016(E)
Introduction
The measuring-while-drilling (MWD) method deals with the recording of the machine parameters
during the drilling process. This can be done manually or with the use of computerized systems which
monitor a series of sensors installed on rotary and/or percussive drilling equipment. These sensors
continuously and automatically collect data on all aspects of drilling, in real time, without interfering
with the drilling progress. The data are displayed in real time and are also recorded for further analysis.
Examples for interpretation of the results are presented in Annex A.
The borehole can be used for other applications such as installation of monitoring equipment,
geophysical logging or realization of expansion tests. The interpretation of the MWD results can be
done in relation with the information provided by sampling.
It should be noted that measured and calculated drilling parameters are relative and dependant of the
test conditions, procedures and equipment.
© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 22476-15:2016
---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 22476-15:2016
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22476-15:2016(E)
Geotechnical investigation and testing — Field testing —
Part 15:
Measuring while drilling
1 Scope
This part of ISO 22476 specifies the technical principles for measuring equipment requirements,
the execution and reporting on the parameters of the investigation drilling process for geotechnical
purposes.
It is applicable to top-driven, destructive drilling methods performed by a fully hydraulically powered
drill rig and driving device. It is commonly used with destructive drilling techniques but can also be
used with core drilling.
The recording of the drilling parameters during soil grouting, drilling of nails, anchors or piles are
beyond the scope of this part of ISO 22476.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 14688-1, Geotechnical investigation and testing — Identification and classification of soil — Part 1:
Identification and description
ISO 14689-1, Geotechnical investigation and testing — Identification and classification of rock — Part 1:
Identification and description
ISO 22475-1, Geotechnical investigation and testing — Sampling methods and ground water measurements
— Part 1: Technical principles for execution
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 22475-1 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
drilling parameters
parameters measured and recorded on the drill rig during drilling (mainly hydraulic pressures, depth,
penetration rate, rotation speed, fluid pressure and flow, etc.)
3.2
compound parameters
parameters derived from the combination of a number of the drilling parameters
© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved 1
---------------------- Page: 13 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 22476-15:2016
ISO 22476-15:2016(E)
3.3
reflected vibration
acceleration due to elastic rebound of rods compressed by hammer impact
3.4
penetration length
length measured along the axis of the borehole between ground level and the drilling tool
3.5
penetration rate
rate of penetration of drilling tool into the ground
3.6
down thrust pressure
thrust pressure applied to drilling tool
3.7
holdback pressure
pressure limiting penetration rate due to safety requirements
3.8
flushing medium pressure
pressure at the level of the drilling tool
3.9
torque
drill head rotational torque
3.10
rotation speed
drill head rotational speed
3.11
flushing medium circulation rate
rate of output of drilling tool down the hole
4 Symbols
Symbol Name Unit
a measured penetration length m
α efficiency coefficient of down-thrust work —
β efficiency coefficient of torque work —
γ efficiency coefficient of hammering work —
C measured drill head torque kN·m
R
C maximum measured drill head torque kN·m
R max
d external diameter of drill bit mm
o
E calculated drilling energy J
E calculated specific energy J
S
E measured reflected vibrations J
R
f hammer frequency Hz
F maximum down thrust force kN
max
H maximum hold back force kN
max
I calculated alteration index —
A
N quantity of rods —
p measured hydraulic pressure in feed motor or cylinder MPa
2 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 14 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 22476-15:2016
ISO 22476-15:2016(E)
Symbol Name Unit
p measured hydraulic pressure in torque motor MPa
CR
p unloaded torque motor pressure MPa
CRO
p maximum measured hydraulic pressure in torque motor MPa
CR max
p measured hold back pressure MPa
H
p calculated flushing medium pressure at output of the drilling tool MPa
I
p calculated net down-thrust (or feed thrust) applied on drilling tool MPa
E
p measured flushing medium pressure at output of the pump MPa
F
p measured hammering pressure MPa
M
p maximum measured down-thrust pressure MPa
max
p raw down-thrust (or feed thrust) applied on drilling tool MPa
O
p calculated holdback pressure MPa
HC
p maximum measured holdback pressure MPa
H max
P penetration resistance s/0,2 m
R
Q measured borehole drilling fluid inflow l/min
I
Q measured borehole drilling fluid outflow l/min
O
−1 −1
R calculated soil-rock resistance MPa m s
SR
S calculated Somerton index —
d
2
s measured area removed by drill bit (= drilling tool surface) m
O
t measured time s
v penetration rate m/h
A
v measured drill head rotational speed r/min
R
W weight of rotary head kN
H
W weight of drill rod kN
R
Z measured depth m
r measured ground water table depth m
w
5 Equipment
5.1 General
Drilling parameters can be considered as being in one of three categories.
— Parameters imposed by the method (type of drilling tool and diameter, nature of the fluid medium,
limits of machine performance and injection system) and unmanaged scalable parameters (tools
wear, changes in the composition of the fluid).
— Parameters set by the operator (p down-thrust, v drill head rotational speed, Q flushing medium
O R I
circulation rate in the case of an incompressible or water based drilling fluid, p injection pressure
I
in the case of a compressible air based fluid),
— Parameters depending on the response of the ground (v penetration rate, C torque, p injection
A R I
pressure in the case of an incompressible or water based fluid, Q flushing medium circulation rate
I
in the case of a compressible air-based fluid),
These parameters may be measured directly or calculated using calibration relations. Further
compound parameters may be derived by combining a number of drilling parameters (see A.2.)
© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved 3
---------------------- Page: 15 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 22476-15:2016
ISO 22476-15:2016(E)
5.2 Drilling equipment
Drilling machines with appropriate stability, power and equipment such as drilling rods and bits shall
be selected in order to achieve the required depth and stability of the borehole. The drilling equipment
shall be of the appropriate size and type in order to produce the required quality of MWD test. The
drilling rig and equipment shall allow all drilling functions to be adjusted accurately.
The drill rig shall be chosen based on the project objectives with sufficient capacity to penetrate the
various geologic layers and equipped with the appropriate drilling tools.
Drill head and feed mechanism shall be hydraulically operated to allow drilling parameter monitoring.
Only top hammer drilling shall be used. The equipment shall be loaded or anchored to limit movements
of the drilling machine relative to ground level while the penetration occurs.
The drilling flow pump shall comply with the following characteristics:
— provide a constant flow independent of the pressure, pumps creating pulsation shall be avoided (e.g.
single piston pump);
— achieve a minimum pressure of 3 MPa (unless otherwise noted);
— have a sensitive and calibrated pressure gauge mounted directly on the pump outflow;
— allow a 0,8 m/s to 1 m/s cutting return (depending on fluid viscosity).
Prior to each use, the straightness of rods shall be checked visually. The deviation of the linearity of the
rods shall not exceed 5 mm from the centreline for 3 m long rod. The straightness of the push rods shall
be determined at regular intervals.
The drilling tool used for MWD method shall be drill bit type acting in rotary or rotary percussion
drilling. The use for other drilling technique shall be avoided.
5.3 Measuring system
5.3.1 General
The automatic measurement system shall include
— a data recorder incorporating a data display,
— a data acquisition system including a signal converter (sometime part of data recorder), and
— transducers set on the machine.
Depending upon the MWD application class (see 5.4), the influence of the positioning of sensors on the
recorded measurements shall be minimized.
The manual measurement shall include
— depth according to time or time for a penetration of 0,2 m, and
— parameters read by the operator on gauges.
The measuring system shall give a real-time display of the readings to allow adjustments to the drilling
process according to the observed progress of the test.
The measuring equipment shall be checked and/or calibrated regularly according to the manufacturers’
specification. The results of the checking and/or calibration shall be reported (see Clause 7). If any part
of the system is repaired or exchanged, calibration shall be verified.
4 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 16 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 22476-15:2016
ISO 22476-15:2016(E)
Calibration of all sensors shall be performed at the following interval:
— yearly, if certifications are made by third-party control (for instance, manufacturer) at regular
interval;
— at least every six months by internal control.
A calibration report should be generated and a copy of the report should be kept with the maintenance
log. A copy of the latest calibration test report shall be available at the job site.
5.3.2 Sensors for hydraulic pressures
The following pressures shall be measured:
a) down-thrust pressure p and torque pressure p ;
CR
b) holdback pressure p (complementary to the down-thrust, this pressure p shall be measured
H H
to calculate the net down-thrust applied on the bit; holdback pressure is the hydraulic pressure
prevailing in the return line);
NOTE 1 Differential pressure transducer can be used to measure the net down thrust directly.
NOTE 2 Down-thrust force can be directly measured by load sensor.
c) flushing medium pressure p .
F
Measurement of this pressure shall be performed in the manual procedure on pressure gauges and in
the automatic procedure using transducers placed on the flush line.
5.3.3 Measuring system for penetration length
Measurement of drilling tool penetration length shall be performed between the top of the mast and
the drill rod.
The penetration length shall be determined through the following methods:
— automatic, using a rotary encoder fitted on the feed motor axis, a chain/cable attached between
the fixed mast and moving drill-head, a wheel fitted the drill head and running against the mast or
other suitable method;
— manual, using a tape.
5.3.4 Measuring system for flushing medium flow
Flow shall be measured using a flow meter. Its accuracy and calibration shall be documented as part of
the report.
NOTE The measurement of the drilling fluid return flow (outflow), Q , at the exit of the borehole can provide
O
an estimation of the volume of fluid exchanged (absorbed or provided from confined aquifer) within the ground.
5.3.5 Measuring system for rotational speed
Rotational speed (v ) measurement shall be done through the fol
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 22476-15:2014
01-maj-2014
*HRWHKQLþQRSUHLVNRYDQMHLQSUHVNXãDQMH3UHVNXãDQMHQDWHUHQXGHO
0HULWYHREYUWDQMX ,62',6
Geotechnical investigation and testing - Field testing - Part 15: Measuring while drilling
(ISO/DIS 22476-15:2014)
Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung - Felduntersuchungen - Teil 15:
Aufzeichnung der Bohrparameter (ISO/DIS 22476-15:2014)
Reconnaissance et essais - Essais de sol - Partie 15: Enregistrement des paramètre de
forages (ISO/DIS 22476-15:2014)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 22476-15
ICS:
93.020 Zemeljska dela. Izkopavanja. Earthworks. Excavations.
Gradnja temeljev. Dela pod Foundation construction.
zemljo Underground works
oSIST prEN ISO 22476-15:2014 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 22476-15:2014
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 22476-15:2014
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 22476-15
ISO/TC 182/SC 1 Secretariat: DIN
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2014-02-20 2014-07-20
Geotechnical investigation and testing — Field testing —
Part 15:
Measuring while drilling
Reconnaissance et essais — Essais de sol —
Partie 15: Enregistrement des paramètre de forages
ICS: 93.020
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
This draft has been developed within the European Committee for Standardization
(CEN), and processed under the CEN lead mode of collaboration as defined in the
Vienna Agreement.
This draft is hereby submitted to the ISO member bodies and to the CEN member
bodies for a parallel five month enquiry.
Should this draft be accepted, a final draft, established on the basis of comments
received, will be submitted to a parallel two-month approval vote in ISO and
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
formal vote in CEN.
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
To expedite distribution, this document is circulated as received from the
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
committee secretariat. ISO Central Secretariat work of editing and text
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
composition will be undertaken at publication stage.
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 22476-15:2014(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
©
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2014
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 22476-15:2014
ISO/DIS 22476-15:2014(E)
Copyright notice
This ISO document is a Draft International Standard and is copyright-protected by ISO. Except as
permitted under the applicable laws of the user’s country, neither this ISO draft nor any extract
from it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission being secured.
Requests for permission to reproduce should be addressed to either ISO at the address below or ISO’s
member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Reproduction may be subject to royalty payments or a licensing agreement.
Violators may be prosecuted.
ii © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 22476-15:2014
ISO/WD 22476-X
Contents Page
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 4
5 Equipment . 6
5.1 Drilling equipment . 6
5.2 Measuring system . 7
5.2.1 Sensors for hydraulic pressures . 7
5.2.2 Measuring system for penetration length . 7
5.2.3 Measuring system for flushing medium flow . 8
5.2.4 Measuring system for rotational speed . 8
5.2.1 Measuring of hammering energy . 8
5.2.5 Reflected vibrations . 8
5.2.2 Time . 8
6 Specific requirements for MWD measurements . 9
6.1 Selection of measured parameters . 9
6.2 Selection of equipment and procedures . 10
6.2.1 MWD Class 1 . 11
6.2.2 MWD Class 2 . 11
6.2.3 MWD Class 3 . 11
6.3 Factors influencing MWD results . 12
6.3.1 Tool influence . 12
6.3.2 Drilling rig influence . 13
6.3.3 Operator influence . 13
7 Test procedures . 13
7.1 General . 13
7.2 Position and level of drilling machine . 13
7.3 Preparation of the measurement . 13
7.4 Drilling procedure . 14
7.5 Frequency of logging parameters . 14
7.6 Registration of penetration length . 15
7.7 Test completion . 15
7.8 Equipment checks and calibrations . 16
7 Test results . 16
7.9 General . 16
7.10 Calculated parameters . 16
7.10.1 Penetration rate . 16
7.10.2 Down-thurst pressure . 16
7.10.3 Net down-thrust pressure . 16
7.10.4 Flushing medium pressure. 17
7.10.5 Drill head rotational torque. 17
8 Reporting . 17
8.1 General . 17
8.2 General reporting of test results . 18
8.2.1 General information . 18
8.2.2 Location of the test . 18
8.2.3 Test equipment . 18
8.2.4 Test procedure . 19
© ISO 2010 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 22476-15:2014
ISO/WD 22476-X
8.2.5 Measured parameters . 19
Annex A (normative) Calibrations and field check . 20
A.1 Calibration . 20
A.1.1 Sensor calibrations. 20
A.1.2 Functional verification . 20
A.2 Field check . 21
Annex B (informative) Positioning of sensors . 22
B.1 General . 22
B.2 Down-thrust and torque pressures . 22
B.3 Holdback pressure. 22
B.4 Flushing medium pressure . 23
B.5 Flushing medium circulation rate . 23
B.6 Penetration length . 23
B.7 Drill head rotational speed . 24
B.8 Reflected vibrations . 24
Annex C (informative) Application of drilling parameters. 27
C.1 The drilling parameters interpretation . 27
C.1.1 Penetration rate . 27
C.1.2 Net down-thrust . 27
C.1.3 Flushing medium pressure . 27
C.1.4 Torque . 28
C.1.5 Conclusion . 28
C.2 Compound parameters . 29
C.2.1 Penetration resistance . 29
C.2.2 Alteration index . 30
C.2.3 Somerton Index . 30
C.2.4 Energy . 31
C.2.5 Computerized interpretation . 33
Annex D (informative) Graphical presentation of drilling parameter . 35
D.1 Choice of axis scaling . 35
D.2 Presentation of test results . 35
iv © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 22476-15:2014
ISO/WD 22476-X
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 22476-X was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee
CEN/TC 341, Geotechnical investigation and testing, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 182,
Geotechnics, Subcommittee SC 01, Geotechnical testing, in accordance with the Agreement on technical
cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
ISO 22476 consists of the following parts, under the general title Geotechnical investigation and testing —
Field testing:
Part 1: Electrical cone penetration tests
Part 2: Dynamic probing
Part 3: Standard penetration test
Part 4:Menard pressuremeter test
Part 5: Flexible dilatometer test
Part 6: Self-boring pressuremeter test
Part 7: Borehole jack test
Part 8: Full displacement pressuremeter
Part 9: Field vane test
Part 10: Weight sounding test
Part 11: Flat dilatometer test
Part 12: Mechanical cone penetration test
Part 13: Plate loading test
Part X: Measuring while drilling
© ISO 2010 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 22476-15:2014
ISO/WD 22476-X
Introduction
ISO 22476-X specifies the technical principles for measuring equipment requirements, the execution and
reporting on the parameters of investigation drilling process for geotechnical purposes.
The measuring while drilling (MWD) method deals with the recording of the machine parameters during the
drilling process. This can be done manually or with the use of computerized systems which monitor a series of
sensors installed on rotary and/or percussive drilling equipment. These sensors continuously and
automatically collect data on all aspects of drilling, in real time, without interfering with the drilling progress.
The data are displayed in realtime and are also recorded for further analysis. Examples for interpretation of
the results are presented in an annex.
The method shall be used for its own purpose and the borehole can be used for other application such as
installation of monitoring equipments or realisation of expansion test. The interpretation of the MWD results
can be done in relation with the information provided by sampling.
It should be noted that measured and calculated drilling parameters are relative and dependant of the test
conditions, procedures and equipment.
The recording of the drilling parameters during soil grouting, drilling of nails, anchors or piles are out of the
scope of this standard.
vi © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 22476-15:2014
WORKING DRAFT ISO/WD 22476-X
Geotechnical investigation and testing — Field testing — Part X:
Measuring while drilling
1 Scope
This document deals with technical principles for measuring equipment requirements, the execution of and reporting
on the parameters of measuring while drilling method as part of geotechnical investigation and testing according to
EN 1997-1 and EN 1997-2 (for the drilling process, see figure 1).
The measured, calculated and derived drilling parameters (e.g. depth, advancement rate, pull down pressure, torque,
rotation rate, mud pressure, mud flow, vibration, penetration resistance, soil-rock resistance) can produce useful data
about the lithology of the layers for a reliable geotechnical model, their density or weathering, the localisation of voids
or faults in the ground, the depth to rock and other properties like permeability.
The present document describes the procedure for the logging (measuring versus depth) of drilling parameters and
how to report them for subsurface characterization. It applies in natural soils, treated or untreated fills and in soft and
hard rocks, either on land or off-shore.
After the MWD test, the borehole can be used for other purpose such as installation of monitoring equipments.
Key
1 drill rig 4 drill rods
2 borehole 5 flushing medium circulation system
3 drilling tool
Figure 1 — Principle of a drilling process
© ISO 2010 – All rights reserved 1
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 22476-15:2014
ISO/WD 22476-X
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
EN 791 : Drill rigs — Safety.
ISO 710 Graphical symbols for use on detailed maps, plans and geological cross-sections - Part 1: General
rules of representation
ISO 710-2 Graphical symbols for use on detailed maps, plans and geological cross-sections -- Part 2:
Representation of sedimentary rocks
ISO 710-3 Graphical symbols for use on detailed maps, plans and geological cross-sections -- Part 3:
Representation of magmatic rocks
ISO 1219-1 Fluid power systems and components - Graphic symbols and circuit diagrams - Part 1: Graphic
symbols for conventional use and data-processing applications
EN 1997-1, Eurocode 7: Ground investigation and testing – Part 1: General rules.
EN 1997-2, Eurocode 7: Ground investigation and testing – Part 2: Design assisted by laboratory and field
testing.
EN ISO 10012, Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and
measuring equipment.
ENV 13005:1999, Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement.
ISO 14688-1, Geotechnical investigation and testing – identification and classification of soil – Part 1:
identification and description.
ISO 14689-1, Geotechnical investigation and testing – identification and classification of rock – Part 1:
identification and description.
EN ISO 22475-1, Geotechnical investigation and testing – Sampling by drilling and excavation and ground
water measurements – Part 1: Technical principles for execution.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 22475-1 and the followings apply.
3.1
borehole
hole of any predetermined diameter and length formed in any geological formation or man made material by
rotary or percussive drilling tools or a combination of them
NOTE Investigations carried out in such a hole may be to recover rock, soil or water samples from a specified depth or to
carry out in situ tests and measurements
3.2
drilling
process by which a borehole is produced in any geological formation by rotary, rotary percussive, percussive or
thrust methods and in any predetermined direction in relation to the drill rig
2 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 22476-15:2014
ISO/WD 22476-X
NOTE Cuttings produced by the process are continuously removed by the flushing medium.
3.3
drilling method
technique employed to produce and stabilise the borehole, and at the same time, remove cuttings from the drill bit
3.4
drilling tool
device, which is attached to or an integral part of the drill string, used for penetrating the geological formation as a
cutting tool
3.5
drill rig
machine of the appropriate power which, when used in conjunction with the correctly selected in-hole equipment will
carry out the drilling function
3.6
flushing medium
fluid medium (air, water or water-air-mixture) continuously supplied to the drilling tool to facilitate the removal of
cuttings to the surface, stabilise the borehole, support the preservation of geological information, lubricate and cool the
drilling tool
3.7
flushing additive
additive, which when added to the flushing medium will affect or change its physical condition
NOTE Bentonite and polymers are flushing additives for example.
3.8
cuttings
particles of geological formations formed in the borehole by the cutting action of the drilling tool and carried to the
surface by the flushing medium.
3.9
drill rig parameters
functional parameters of the drill rig recorded during drilling (mainly hydraulic pressures, penetration rate, rotation
speed, fluid pressure and flow, etc.).
3.10
drilling parameters
parameters derived from drill rig parameters characteristics of drilling tool action on the material of the geological
formation.
3.11
penetration length
length measured in the axis of the borehole between ground level and the drilling tool.
3.12
penetration rate
rate of penetration of drilling tool in the ground.
3.13
down thrust (feed) pressure
thrust pressure applied on drilling tool.
3.14
holdback (retain) pressure
retain pressure limiting penetration rate due to safety requirements.
© ISO 2010 – All rights reserved 3
---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 22476-15:2014
ISO/WD 22476-X
3.15
flushing medium pressure
flushing medium pressure at the level of the drilling tool.
3.16
torque
drill head rotational torque
3.17
rotation speed
drill head rotational speed
3.18
flushing medium circulation rate
flushing medium circulation rate output of drilling tool down the hole
3.19
flushing medium recovery rate
flushing medium circulation rate output of borehole
3.20
reflected vibration
acceleration due to elastic rebound of rods compressed by hammer impact
3.21
time
time
3.22
operator
qualified person who carries out the test.
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
Symbol Name Unit
A measured penetration length m
efficiency coefficient of down-thrust work -
α
efficiency coefficient of torque work -
β
efficiency coefficient of hammering work -
γ
C measured drill head rotational torque kN.m
R
C maximum measured drill head rotational torque kN.m
R max
Do external diameter of drill bit m
E calculated drilling energy J
E calculated specific energy J
S
4 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 22476-15:2014
ISO/WD 22476-X
E measured reflected vibrations J
R
f hammer frequency Hz
F maximum down thrust force kN
max
H maximum hold back force kN
max
I calculated alteration index -
A
N measured rods number -
P measured hydraulic pressure in feed motor or cylinder MPa
p measured hydraulic pressure in torque motor MPa
CR
p maximum measured hydraulic pressure in torque motor MPa
CR max
p measured hold back pressure MPa
H
P calculated flushing medium pressure at output of the drilling tool MPa
I
P calculated net down-thrust (or feed thrust) applied on drilling tool MPa
E
P measured flushing medium pressure at output of the pump MPa
F
p measured hammering pressure MPa
M
p maximum measured down-thrust pressure MPa
max
P calculated raw down-thrust (or feed thrust) applied on drilling tool MPa
O
P calculated holdback pressure MPa
H
p maximum measured holdback pressure MPa
H max
P penetration resistance s/0,2 m
R
Q measured borehole drilling fluid inflow l/h
I
Q measured borehole drilling fluid outflow l/h
O
R calculated soil-rock resistance MPa/m/s
SR
S calculated Somerton index -
d
2
S measured area removed by drill bit (=/= drilling tool surface) m
O
t measured time S
V penetration rate m/h
A
V measured drill head rotational speed Rpm
R
W weight of rotary head MN
H
© ISO 2010 – All rights reserved 5
---------------------- Page: 13 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 22476-15:2014
ISO/WD 22476-X
W weight of drill rod MN
R
z measured depth m
z measured ground water table depth m
w
5 Equipment
In general, drilling parameters are classified in three categories:
parameters imposed by the method (type of drilling tool and diameter, nature of the fluid medium, limits of
machine performance and injection system) and scalable parameters unmanaged (tools wear, changes in the
composition of the fluid).
parameters set by the operator (P down-thrust, V drill head rotational speed, Q flushing medium circulation
O R I
rate)
parameters depending on the response of the ground (V penetration rate, C torque, P injection pressure)
A R I
The drilling parameters are calculated from the drill rig measurements either directly or using calibration relations.
5.1 Drilling equipment
Drilling machines with appropriate stability, power and equipment such as drilling rods and bits shall be selected in
order to achieve the required depth and stability of the borehole. The drilling equipment shall be of the appropriate
size and type in order to produce the required quality of MWD test. The drilling rig and equipment shall allow all drilling
functions to b
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.