SIST ISO 23527:2024
(Main)Information and documentation — Research activity identifier (RAiD)
Information and documentation — Research activity identifier (RAiD)
This document defines the use and structure of the Research Activity Identifier (RAiD) system. The RAiD system includes a registry which supports the identification of research projects, i.e. projects managed in a scholarly or industrial environment which are expected to lead to specified outputs.
It also specifies the RAiD metadata record which holds key metadata relating to the identified project and indicates relationships to other entities and their persistent identifiers and metadata.
RAiD is an identifier for research projects and sub projects or tasks within such projects. It is not itself an identifier for any individual, group or institution, it is not a repository for project documentation or deliverables, nor is it a repository, platform or storage method. It does not apply to research outputs.
Information et documentation — Identificateur d'activité de recherche (RAiD)
Informatika in dokumentacija - Identifikator raziskovalne dejavnosti (RAiD)
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2024
Informatika in dokumentacija - Identifikator raziskovalne dejavnosti (RAiD)
Information and documentation — Research activity identifier (RAiD)
Information et documentation — Identificateur d'activité de recherche (RAiD)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 23527:2022
ICS:
01.140.20 Informacijske vede Information sciences
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 23527
First edition
2022-12
Information and documentation —
Research activity identifier (RAiD)
Information et documentation — Identificateur d'activité de
recherche (RAiD)
Reference number
© ISO 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 RAiD components . 3
5 Assignment of a RAiD . .4
6 RAiD register . 4
7 Presentation of RAiD names .5
8 Administration of the RAiD system .5
Annex A (normative) General principles for the assignment and use of RAiD .6
Annex B (normative) Administration of the RAiD system . 7
Annex C (informative) Implementing the RAiD system . 9
Bibliography .11
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 46, Information and documentation,
Subcommittee SC 9, Identification and description.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
Introduction
The research activity identifier (RAiD) is a persistent identifier for research projects and supports data
management across all phases of research by placing the research activity (or project) at the centre of
research workflows, creating a chain of provenance, improving discovery and access, and ensuring that
output is attributable and reportable.
[8]
It also supports the F.A.I.R Principles of making research data findable, accessible, interoperable, and
re-usable.
A RAiD name is associated with a RAiD metadata record.
The RAiD metadata record holds metadata including standard identifiers that relate to research entities
or objects encountered by or related to the activity. This includes participant institutions (by use of
ISNI, GRID or ROR) and researchers (ORCID ID, ISNI or other identifier).
v
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23527:2022(E)
Information and documentation — Research activity
identifier (RAiD)
1 Scope
This document defines the use and structure of the Research Activity Identifier (RAiD) system. The
RAiD system includes a registry which supports the identification of research projects, i.e. projects
managed in a scholarly or industrial environment which are expected to lead to specified outputs.
It also specifies the RAiD metadata record which holds key metadata relating to the identified project
and indicates relationships to other entities and their persistent identifiers and metadata.
RAiD is an identifier for research projects and sub projects or tasks within such projects. It is not itself
an identifier for any individual, group or institution, it is not a repository for project documentation or
deliverables, nor is it a repository, platform or storage method. It does not apply to research outputs.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
Open Research and Contributor Identifier
ORCID
non-proprietary alphanumeric numbering system designed not to collide with the ISNI (3.2) number
system and hosted by the ORCID organization, aiming to provide a unique number to scientific and
other academic authors so as to uniquely identify such authors' contributions to research
Note 1 to entry: ORCID is managed by ORCID, INC which maintains a webpage at https:// orcid .org/ .
3.2
ISNI
international standard code data identifying the public identity of parties (a person or an organization)
across multiple fields of creative activity
Note 1 to entry: ISNI is specified in ISO 27729.
Note 2 to entry: The name and contact information of the ISO 27729 Registration Authority can be found at
https:// www .iso .org/ mara.
[SOURCE: ISO 5127:2017, modified – Note 2 to entry has been added and emphasis and terminology
cross references were removed.]
3.3
grant
money or in kind assistance provided by a research funding organization (3.13) to allow research (3.10)
to take place
3.4
Global Research Identifier Database
GRID
open, persistent identifier (3.15) for research organizations
Note 1 to entry: GRID was managed by Digital Science and Research Solutions Ltd which maintains a webpage at
https:// www .grid .ac/ .
Note 2 to entry: GRID has been absorbed into ROR. Identifiers are included in the ROR system even if GRID is
deprecated.
3.5
DOI name
string that specifies a unique object within the DOI system (3.7)
Note 1 to entry: Names consist of characters in a sequence specified by the DOI syntax (3.6).
Note 2 to entry: The terms “identifier” and “number” are sometimes but not always used in the same sense and
are to be avoided where ambiguity can arise. The unqualified use of “DOI” alone can also be ambiguous. Therefore
“DOI” is always used in conjunction with a specified noun [e.g. DOI name, DOI System] unless the meaning is
sufficiently clear from an earlier mention or the specific context.
Note 3 to entry: A DOI name is specified in ISO 26324. The name and contact information of the ISO 26324
Registration Authority can be found at https:// www .iso .org/ mara.
[SOURCE: ISO 26324:2012, 3.4, modified — Note 3 to entry has been added.]
3.6
DOI syntax
rules for the form and sequence of characters comprising any DOI name (3.5) specifically the form and
character of a prefix element, separator or suffix element
[SOURCE: ISO 26324:2012, 3.5]
3.7
DOI system
social and technical infrastructure for the assignment and administration of DOI names (3.5) as
identifiers (3.15) in computer-readable form through assignment, resolution, referent description,
administration, etc.
[SOURCE: ISO 26324:2012, 3.6]
3.8
Research Organization Registry
ROR
open, persistent identifier (3.15) for research organizations (3.12)
Note 1 to entry: The Research Organization Registry is managed by a group of cooperating organisations which
maintain a webpage at https:// ror .org.
3.9
research activity
identifiable package of work involving organized, systematic investigation
Note 1 to entry: A research activity is often described as a project but may be a program of smaller, subsidiary
projects or a single task within a larger project.
3.10
research
organized, systematic investigation
3.11
researcher
person involved in research (3.10)
3.12
research organization
organization where research (3.10) occurs
3.13
research funding organization
body that supplied monetary or in-kind support for research activities (3.9) to occur
3.14
research output
digital, physical or performative outcomes of the research activity (3.9)
Note 1 to entry: Research output (3.14) includes publications (digital and paper), data sets, works of art and non-
traditional research outputs such as performances.
3.15
identifier
data string or pointer that establishes the identity of an item, organization or person alone or in
combination with other elements
[SOURCE: ISO 5127:2017, modified – removed cross references.]
3.16
RAiD register
database, or similar, of the RAiD names and metadata record contents
3.17
international Geo Sample Number
IGSN
open, persistent identifier (3.15) for physical objects
Note 1 to entry: IGSN maintain a webpage at https:// www .igsn .org/ .
3.18
handle
distributed information system designed to provide an efficient, extensible, and secured global name
service for use on networks such as the Internet
[SOURCE: IETF RFC 3650]
4 RAiD components
RAiD names are case-insensitive.
A RAiD name shall be a unique string of alphanumeric characters according to a syntax specified by the
Registration Authority following the general format:
/
The prefix part is taken from a list maintained and authorized by the Registration Authority. The
combination of the prefix part and suffix part shall be managed to be unique to each identified research
activity. RAiD names are registered (and assigned if appropriate) by the Registration Authority on
request.
A RAiD metadata record is a manifest containing the name by which the activity is known along
with structured metada
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 23527
First edition
2022-12
Information and documentation —
Research activity identifier (RAiD)
Information et documentation — Identificateur d'activité de
recherche (RAiD)
Reference number
© ISO 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 RAiD components . 3
5 Assignment of a RAiD . .4
6 RAiD register . 4
7 Presentation of RAiD names .5
8 Administration of the RAiD system .5
Annex A (normative) General principles for the assignment and use of RAiD .6
Annex B (normative) Administration of the RAiD system . 7
Annex C (informative) Implementing the RAiD system . 9
Bibliography .11
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 46, Information and documentation,
Subcommittee SC 9, Identification and description.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
Introduction
The research activity identifier (RAiD) is a persistent identifier for research projects and supports data
management across all phases of research by placing the research activity (or project) at the centre of
research workflows, creating a chain of provenance, improving discovery and access, and ensuring that
output is attributable and reportable.
[8]
It also supports the F.A.I.R Principles of making research data findable, accessible, interoperable, and
re-usable.
A RAiD name is associated with a RAiD metadata record.
The RAiD metadata record holds metadata including standard identifiers that relate to research entities
or objects encountered by or related to the activity. This includes participant institutions (by use of
ISNI, GRID or ROR) and researchers (ORCID ID, ISNI or other identifier).
v
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23527:2022(E)
Information and documentation — Research activity
identifier (RAiD)
1 Scope
This document defines the use and structure of the Research Activity Identifier (RAiD) system. The
RAiD system includes a registry which supports the identification of research projects, i.e. projects
managed in a scholarly or industrial environment which are expected to lead to specified outputs.
It also specifies the RAiD metadata record which holds key metadata relating to the identified project
and indicates relationships to other entities and their persistent identifiers and metadata.
RAiD is an identifier for research projects and sub projects or tasks within such projects. It is not itself
an identifier for any individual, group or institution, it is not a repository for project documentation or
deliverables, nor is it a repository, platform or storage method. It does not apply to research outputs.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
Open Research and Contributor Identifier
ORCID
non-proprietary alphanumeric numbering system designed not to collide with the ISNI (3.2) number
system and hosted by the ORCID organization, aiming to provide a unique number to scientific and
other academic authors so as to uniquely identify such authors' contributions to research
Note 1 to entry: ORCID is managed by ORCID, INC which maintains a webpage at https:// orcid .org/ .
3.2
ISNI
international standard code data identifying the public identity of parties (a person or an organization)
across multiple fields of creative activity
Note 1 to entry: ISNI is specified in ISO 27729.
Note 2 to entry: The name and contact information of the ISO 27729 Registration Authority can be found at
https:// www .iso .org/ mara.
[SOURCE: ISO 5127:2017, modified – Note 2 to entry has been added and emphasis and terminology
cross references were removed.]
3.3
grant
money or in kind assistance provided by a research funding organization (3.13) to allow research (3.10)
to take place
3.4
Global Research Identifier Database
GRID
open, persistent identifier (3.15) for research organizations
Note 1 to entry: GRID was managed by Digital Science and Research Solutions Ltd which maintains a webpage at
https:// www .grid .ac/ .
Note 2 to entry: GRID has been absorbed into ROR. Identifiers are included in the ROR system even if GRID is
deprecated.
3.5
DOI name
string that specifies a unique object within the DOI system (3.7)
Note 1 to entry: Names consist of characters in a sequence specified by the DOI syntax (3.6).
Note 2 to entry: The terms “identifier” and “number” are sometimes but not always used in the same sense and
are to be avoided where ambiguity can arise. The unqualified use of “DOI” alone can also be ambiguous. Therefore
“DOI” is always used in conjunction with a specified noun [e.g. DOI name, DOI System] unless the meaning is
sufficiently clear from an earlier mention or the specific context.
Note 3 to entry: A DOI name is specified in ISO 26324. The name and contact information of the ISO 26324
Registration Authority can be found at https:// www .iso .org/ mara.
[SOURCE: ISO 26324:2012, 3.4, modified — Note 3 to entry has been added.]
3.6
DOI syntax
rules for the form and sequence of characters comprising any DOI name (3.5) specifically the form and
character of a prefix element, separator or suffix element
[SOURCE: ISO 26324:2012, 3.5]
3.7
DOI system
social and technical infrastructure for the assignment and administration of DOI names (3.5) as
identifiers (3.15) in computer-readable form through assignment, resolution, referent description,
administration, etc.
[SOURCE: ISO 26324:2012, 3.6]
3.8
Research Organization Registry
ROR
open, persistent identifier (3.15) for research organizations (3.12)
Note 1 to entry: The Research Organization Registry is managed by a group of cooperating organisations which
maintain a webpage at https:// ror .org.
3.9
research activity
identifiable package of work involving organized, systematic investigation
Note 1 to entry: A research activity is often described as a project but may be a program of smaller, subsidiary
projects or a single task within a larger project.
3.10
research
organized, systematic investigation
3.11
researcher
person involved in research (3.10)
3.12
research organization
organization where research (3.10) occurs
3.13
research funding organization
body that supplied monetary or in-kind support for research activities (3.9) to occur
3.14
research output
digital, physical or performative outcomes of the research activity (3.9)
Note 1 to entry: Research output (3.14) includes publications (digital and paper), data sets, works of art and non-
traditional research outputs such as performances.
3.15
identifier
data string or pointer that establishes the identity of an item, organization or person alone or in
combination with other elements
[SOURCE: ISO 5127:2017, modified – removed cross references.]
3.16
RAiD register
database, or similar, of the RAiD names and metadata record contents
3.17
international Geo Sample Number
IGSN
open, persistent identifier (3.15) for physical objects
Note 1 to entry: IGSN maintain a webpage at https:// www .igsn .org/ .
3.18
handle
distributed information system designed to provide an efficient, extensible, and secured global name
service for use on networks such as the Internet
[SOURCE: IETF RFC 3650]
4 RAiD components
RAiD names are case-insensitive.
A RAiD name shall be a unique string of alphanumeric characters according to a syntax specified by the
Registration Authority following the general format:
/
The prefix part is taken from a list maintained and authorized by the Registration Authority. The
combination of the prefix part and suffix part shall be managed to be unique to each identified research
activity. RAiD names are registered (and assigned if appropriate) by the Registration Authority on
request.
A RAiD metadata record is a manifest containing the name by which the activity is known along
with structured metadata describing entities associated with a research activity, as specified by the
Registration Authority and relating it to the identifiers for the entities. It is stored in the RAiD register.
The metadata may optionally include the relevant names and standard identifiers for entities associated
with the research activity.
Each of the elements has a zero to many cardinalities. It is not intended that there be artificial limits on
the data stored in a RAiD metadata record if it is useful to users.
At least the elements in Table 1 shall be accommodated.
Table 1 — Elements for the RAiD metadata record
Related entity Identifiers
Activity name (string)
Research organization ISNI, GRID, ROR, other
Research contributor ORCID, email address, ISNI
Instrument DOI, other
Stored data DOI, handle, other
Physical specimen IGSN, other
Journal articles, pre-prints, conference DOI, other
papers
Research grant Grant
...
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