SIST EN 900:2008
(Main)Chemicals used for treatment of water intended for human consumption - Calcium hypochlorite
Chemicals used for treatment of water intended for human consumption - Calcium hypochlorite
This European Standard is applicable to calcium hypochlorite used for the treatment of water intended for human consumption. It describes the characteristics of calcium hypochlorite and specifies the requirements and the corresponding test methods for calcium hypochlorite. It provides information on its use in water treatment. It also determines the rules relating to safe handling and use of calcium hypochlorite (see Annex B).
Produkte zur Aufbereitung von Wasser für den menschlichen Gebrauch - Calciumhypochlorit
Diese Europäische Norm gilt für Calciumhypochlorit zur Aufbereitung von Wasser für den menschlichen Gebrauch. Sie beschreibt die Eigenschaften von Calciumhypochlorit und legt die Anforderungen sowie die entsprechenden Prüfverfahren für Calciumhypochlorit fest. Sie enthält Angaben zu seiner Anwendung in der Wasseraufbereitung. Sie legt darüber hinaus Regeln für die sichere Handhabung und Verwendung von Calciumchlorit fest (siehe Anhang B).
Produits chimiques utilisés pour le traitement de l'eau destinée a la consommation humaine - Hypochlorite de calcium
La présente Norme européenne est applicable a l’hypochlorite de calcium utilisé pour le traitement de l'eau
destinée a la consommation humaine. Elle décrit les caractéristiques de l’hypochlorite de calcium et spécifie
les exigences et les méthodes d’essai correspondant a l'hypochlorite de calcium. Elle donne des informations
pour son emploi dans le traitement de l'eau. Elle fixe également les regles relatives a la sécurité d'emploi et
de manipulation de l’hypochlorite de calcium (voir Annexe B).
Kemikalije, ki se uporabljajo za pripravo pitne vode - Kalcijev hipoklorit
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 900:2008
01-januar-2008
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 900:2000
Kemikalije, ki se uporabljajo za pripravo pitne vode - Kalcijev hipoklorit
Chemicals used for treatment of water intended for human consumption - Calcium
hypochlorite
Produkte zur Aufbereitung von Wasser für den menschlichen Gebrauch -
Calciumhypochlorit
Produits chimiques utilisés pour le traitement de l'eau destinée a la consommation
humaine - Hypochlorite de calcium
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 900:2007
ICS:
13.060.20 Pitna voda Drinking water
71.100.80 .HPLNDOLMH]DþLãþHQMHYRGH Chemicals for purification of
water
SIST EN 900:2008 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 900:2008
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SIST EN 900:2008
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 900
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
November 2007
ICS 71.100.80 Supersedes EN 900:1999
English Version
Chemicals used for treatment of water intended for human
consumption - Calcium hypochlorite
Produits chimiques utilisés pour le traitement de l'eau Produkte zur Aufbereitung von Wasser für den
destinée à la consommation humaine - Hypochlorite de menschlichen Gebrauch - Calciumhypochlorit
calcium
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 September 2007.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 900:2007: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 900:2008
EN 900:2007 (E)
Contents
Foreword.4
Introduction .5
1 Scope .6
2 Normative references .6
3 Description .6
3.1 Identification.6
3.1.1 Chemical name.6
3.1.2 Synonym or common name.6
3.1.3 Relative molecular mass.6
3.1.4 Empirical formula.6
3.1.5 Chemical formula.6
3.1.6 CAS Registry Number .7
3.1.7 EINECS reference .7
3.2 Commercial form .7
3.3 Physical properties.7
3.3.1 Appearance .7
3.3.2 Density .7
3.3.3 Solubility in water .7
3.3.4 Vapour pressure .7
3.3.5 Boiling point at 100 kPa .7
3.3.6 Melting point.7
3.3.7 Specific heat.7
3.3.8 Viscosity, dynamic.7
3.3.9 Critical temperature.7
3.3.10 Critical pressure.8
3.3.11 Physical hardness .8
3.4 Chemical properties .8
4 Purity criteria.8
4.1 General.8
4.2 Composition of commercial product.8
4.3 Impurities and main by-products.8
4.4 Chemical parameters .9
5 Test methods.9
5.1 Sampling.9
5.2 Analysis .9
5.2.1 Determination of calcium hypochlorite content (main product).9
5.2.2 Dissolution quality (available chlorine after 1 min).11
5.2.3 Impurities.13
5.2.4 Chemical parameters .15
6 Labelling - Transportation - Storage.17
6.1 Means of delivery.17
6.2 Risk and safety labelling according to the EU Directives .18
6.3 Transportation regulations and labelling.18
6.4 Marking .19
6.5 Storage.19
6.5.1 General.19
6.5.2 Long term stability.19
6.5.3 Storage incompatibilities .20
Annex A (informative) General information on calcium hypochlorite .21
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SIST EN 900:2008
EN 900:2007 (E)
A.1 Origin .21
A.1.1 Raw materials.21
A.1.2 Manufacturing process .21
A.2 Use .21
A.2.1 Function.21
A.2.2 Form in which it is used.21
A.2.3 Treatment dose .21
A.2.4 Means of application .21
A.2.5 Secondary effects.21
A.2.6 Removal of excess product.22
Annex B (normative) General rules relating to safety .23
B.1 Rules for safe handling and use .23
B.2 Emergency procedures.23
B.2.1 First aid.23
B.2.2 Spillage .23
B.2.3 Fire .23
Annex C (normative) Determination of arsenic, antimony and selenium (atomic absorption
spectrometry hydride technique).24
C.1 General principle .24
C.2 Interferences .24
C.3 Reagents.24
C.4 Apparatus .26
C.4.1 General.26
C.4.2 Atomic absorption spectrometer .26
C.4.3 Atomizer .26
C.5 Procedure .27
C.5.1 Preparation of the apparatus.27
C.5.2 Preparation of calibration solutions.28
C.5.3 Preparation of test solutions and standard solutions.28
C.5.4 Determination of arsenic with sodium borohydride .28
C.5.5 Determination of selenium with sodium borohydride .28
C.5.6 Determination of antimony with sodium borohydride.29
C.6 Calculation .29
C.7 Repeatability limit .29
Annex D (informative) .30
Environmental, health and safety precautions within chemical laboratory .30
Bibliography.31
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SIST EN 900:2008
EN 900:2007 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN 900:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 164 “Water supply”, the
secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, at the latest by May 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by
May 2008.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights.
CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 900:1999.
Significant technical differences between this edition and EN 900:1999 are as follows:
a) deletion of the reference to EU Directive 80/778/EEC of 15 July 1980 in order to take account of the latest
Directive in force (see [1]);
b) amended values regarding the maximum water content and water soluble substance;
c) updated references in regard to the determination of mercury;
d) revision of warning and safety precautions notes;
e) incorporation of Annex D (informative).
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
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SIST EN 900:2008
EN 900:2007 (E)
Introduction
With respect to potential adverse effects on the quality of water intended for human consumption caused by the
product covered by this European Standard:
a) this European Standard provides no information as to whether the product may be used without restriction in
any of the Member States of the EU or EFTA;
b) it should be noted that, while awaiting the adoption of verifiable European criteria, existing national regulations
concerning the use and/or the characteristics of this product remain in force.
NOTE Conformity with this European Standard does not confer or imply acceptance or approval of the products in any of
the Member States of the EU or EFTA. The use of the products covered by this European Standard is subject to regulation or
control by National Authorities.
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SIST EN 900:2008
EN 900:2007 (E)
1 Scope
This European Standard is applicable to calcium hypochlorite used for the treatment of water intended for human
consumption. It describes the characteristics of calcium hypochlorite and specifies the requirements and the
corresponding test methods for calcium hypochlorite. It provides information on its use in water treatment. It also
determines the rules relating to safe handling and use of calcium hypochlorite (see Annex B).
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references,
only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
EN 1483, Water quality - Determination of mercury - Method using atomic absorption spectrometry
EN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use - Specification and test methods (ISO 3696:1987)
ISO 3165, Sampling of chemical products for industrial use - Safety in sampling
ISO 6206, Chemical products for industrial use - Sampling – Vocabulary
ISO 8213, Chemical products for industrial use - Sampling techniques - Solid chemical products in the form of
particles varying from powders to coarse lumps
ISO 8288, Water quality - Determination of cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium and lead - Flame atomic
absorption spectrometric methods
ISO 9174, Water quality - Determination of chromium - Atomic absorption spectrometric methods
3 Description
3.1 Identification
3.1.1 Chemical name
Calcium hypochlorite.
3.1.2 Synonym or common name
None.
3.1.3 Relative molecular mass
142,99.
3.1.4 Empirical formula
Ca(ClO) .
2
3.1.5 Chemical formula
Ca(ClO) .
2
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SIST EN 900:2008
EN 900:2007 (E)
1)
3.1.6 CAS Registry Number
7778-54-3.
2)
3.1.7 EINECS reference
231-908-7.
3.2 Commercial form
The product is available as a granular solid or in the form of tablets.
3.3 Physical properties
3.3.1 Appearance
The product is white free-flowing granules or white tablets.
3.3.2 Density
3 3 3 3
The bulk density is approximately 0,8 g/cm to 1 g/cm for loose granular material and 1,2 g/cm to 1,3 g/cm for
3 3
tablets, while the density of one tablet is approximately 1,7 g/cm to 1,9 g/cm .
3.3.3 Solubility in water
The solubility is 180 g/l at 25 °C.
3.3.4 Vapour pressure
Not applicable.
3)
3.3.5 Boiling point at 100 kPa
Not applicable.
3.3.6 Melting point
Not applicable as the product decomposes at 177 °C.
3.3.7 Specific heat
Not known.
3.3.8 Viscosity, dynamic
Not applicable.
3.3.9 Critical temperature
Not applicable.
1)
Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number.
2)
European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances.
3)
100 kPa = 1 bar.
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EN 900:2007 (E)
3.3.10 Critical pressure
Not applicable.
3.3.11 Physical hardness
Not applicable.
3.4 Chemical properties
Solutions of calcium hypochlorite are alkaline. The pH value of a solution of concentration 10 g/l is about 11,5 at
25 °C.
Calcium hypochlorite is a strong oxidant and chlorination agent. It reacts with acids or acidic salts to form chlorine,
and can form explosive nitrogen chlorides with ammonia and ammonia compounds. In the presence of inflammable
substances, it causes fires and explosions of organic compounds, oxidation reactions occur with the release of
heat and of moisture, and it is also highly corrosive to most metals.
4 Purity criteria
4.1 General
This European Standard specifies the minimum purity requirements for calcium hypochlorite used for the treatment
of water intended for human consumption. Limits are given for impurities commonly present in the product.
Depending on the raw material and the manufacturing process other impurities may be present and if so, then the
user, and when necessary the relevant authorities, shall be notified.
NOTE Users of the product should check the national regulations to clarify whether it is of appropriate purity for treatment
of water intended for human consumption, taking into account raw water quality, required dosage, contents of other impurities
and additives used in the product not stated in this product standard
Limits have been given for impurities and chemical parameters where these are likely to be present in significant
quantities from the current production process and raw materials. If in the production process or raw materials lead
to significant quantities of impurities, by-products or additives being present, this shall be notified to the user.
4.2 Composition of commercial product
The product shall contain a minimum of a mass fraction of 65,5 % of calcium hypochlorite (equivalent to an
available active chlorine content of at least a mass fraction of 65 %.
Dissolution quality, calculated as available chlorine which is obtainable within 1 min after dissolution in water, shall
not be less than a mass fraction of 45, 5 %.
NOTE The water content at the time of delivery should not exceed a mass fraction of 16 % of the product. As the test
method is usually not conducted by the user without danger of explosion, the manufacturer should guarantee to maintain this
value. If necessary a test laboratory can be requested to carry out this test. This determination should be carried out by
specialists only.
4.3 Impurities and main by-products
The sodium chloride content shall not exceed a mass fraction of 18 % of the product.
The content of water-insoluble matter shall not exceed a mass fraction of 6 % of the product.
NOTE 1 The water insoluble matter consists mainly of carbonates.
NOTE 2 Calcium chlorate can be present as a by-product of the production process.
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EN 900:2007 (E)
4.4 Chemical parameters
The product shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 1.
Table 1 – Chemical parameters
Parameter Limit in mg/kg
of available chlorine
Type 1 Type 2
Arsenic (As) max. 5 10
Cadmium (Cd) max. 5 10
Chromium (Cr) max. 15 15
Mercury (Hg) max. 5 7
Nickel (Ni) max. 8 10
Lead (Pb) max. 15 15
Antimony (Sb) max. 15 15
Selenium (Se) max. 20 20
Limit in g/kg
of available chlorine
Bromate max. 2,1 4,2
a
Bromate is a by-product of the manufacturing process.
NOTE Cyanide, which does not exist in a strong oxidizing medium such
as calcium hypochlorite is not a relevant chemical parameters. Pesticides
and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are not by-products of the
manufacturing process. For parametric values of calcium hypochlorite on
trace metal content in drinking water, see [1].
5 Test methods
5.1 Sampling
Observe the general recommendations of ISO 3165 and take account of ISO 6206. Prepare the laboratory
sample(s) required by the relevant procedure described in ISO 8213.
5.2 Analysis
5.2.1 Determination of calcium hypochlorite content (main product)
5.2.1.1 Principle
Calcium hypochlorite reacts with potassium iodide to release iodine in the presence of acetic acid. The iodine is
titrated with sodium thiosulfate standard volumetric solution in the presence of starch indicator solution.
NOTE 1 It detects all oxidizing agents being active in a weak acidic solution, i.e. hypochlorite/chlorine, iodate, and partially
chloramines, Fe(III), etc. Not covered under these conditions are bromate and chlorate.
NOTE 2 The titration can also be carried out potentiometrically by the aid of titration automates; the addition of soluble starch
is then unnecessary.
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EN 900:2007 (E)
5.2.1.2 Reagents
All reagents shall be of a recognized analytical grade and the water used shall conform to grade 3 specified in EN
ISO 3696.
5.2.1.2.1 Potassium iodide crystals (KI).
5.2.1.2.2 Glacial acetic acid.
5.2.1.2.3 Sodium thiosulfate standard volumetric solution, c(Na S O .5H O) = 0,1 mol/l.
2 2 3 2
Standard volumetric solutions are commercially available; eventually they have to be diluted.
Alternatively a standard volumetric solution can be prepared by the following procedure:
Dissolve 24,8 g Na S O . 5 H O in a 1 000 ml one-mark volumetric flask in about 0,75 l water. After the
2 2 3 2
temperature has equalized make up to the mark with water and mix thoroughly.
To standardize: Weigh, to the nearest 0,1 mg, 3,600 g (m) of dry potassium iodate. Dissolve in water in a 1 000 ml
one-mark volumetric flask, make up to the mark with water and mix (standard reference solution c(1/6 KIO ) = 0,1
3
mol/l ). Place 200 ml of water in a 500 ml stoppered conical flask, add (2 ± 0,5) g of potassium iodide and stir to
dissolve. Then introduce by means of a pipette, 10,0 ml of sodium thiosulfate solution for standardization , add (15
± 1) ml of hydrochloric acid solution (diluted 1 + 1 by volume) and (5 ± 1) ml of starch solution (5.2.1.2.4). Titrate
immediately with the potassium iodate standard reference solution until the appearance of a blue coloration
persisting for at least 30 s. Record the volume (V) of iodate used.
The concentration, c, of the sodium thiosulfate standard volumetric solution (Na S O .5H O), expressed in moles
2 2 3 2
per litre is given by the following equation:
m
c = (1)
V × 49,0317
where
m is the mass, in milligrams, of potassium iodate (KIO ) weighed;
3
V is the volume, in millilitres, of the sodium thiosulfate standard volumetric solution used.
5.2.1.2.4 Starch solution, mass fraction 1 %.
Make a slurry with (1 ± 0,1) g starch and (5 ± 1) ml water. Add (90 ± 5) ml boiling water to the slurry. Stir to dissolve
it and cool the solution. This solution needs refrigeration to avoid the decomposition of the starch which results in a
vague end point. Keep the solution cool and use it within one week.
NOTE Commercial indicators for iodine titration exist and can be used in place of the described starch solution provided
that their efficiency has been previously tested.
5.2.1.3 Apparatus
Ordinary laboratory apparatus and glassware, together with the following:
Laboratory sonic vibrator.
5.2.1.4 Procedure
5.2.1.4.1 Test portion
Weigh, to the nearest 0,1 mg, 3,5 g of the laboratory sample (m ) into a tarred stoppered weighing bottle.
1
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EN 900:2007 (E)
5.2.1.4.2 Determination
Transfer the test portion to a 500 ml volumetric flask with 300 ml of water, stopper, and place in the so
...
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