SIST EN ISO/IEC 27042:2017
(Main)Information technology - Security techniques - Guidelines for the analysis and interpretation of digital evidence (ISO/IEC 27042:2015)
Information technology - Security techniques - Guidelines for the analysis and interpretation of digital evidence (ISO/IEC 27042:2015)
This International Standard provides guidance on the analysis and interpretation of digital evidence
in a manner which addresses issues of continuity, validity, reproducibility, and repeatability. It
encapsulates best practice for selection, design, and implementation of analytical processes and
recording sufficient information to allow such processes to be subjected to independent scrutiny
when required. It provides guidance on appropriate mechanisms for demonstrating proficiency and
competence of the investigative team.
Analysis and interpretation of digital evidence can be a complex process. In some circumstances, there
can be several methods which could be applied and members of the investigative team will be required
to justify their selection of a particular process and show how it is equivalent to another process used
by other investigators. In other circumstances, investigators may have to devise new methods for
examining digital evidence which has not previously been considered and should be able to show that
the method produced is “fit for purpose”.
Application of a particular method can influence the interpretation of digital evidence processed by
that method. The available digital evidence can influence the selection of methods for further analysis
of digital evidence which has already been acquired.
This International Standard provides a common framework, for the analytical and interpretational
elements of information systems security incident handling, which can be used to assist in the
implementation of new methods and provide a minimum common standard for digital evidence
produced from such activities.
Informationstechnik - IT-Sicherheitsverfahren - Leitfaden für die Analyse und Interpretation digitaler Beweismittel (ISO/IEC 27042:2015)
Technologies de l'information - Techniques de sécurité - Lignes directrices pour l'analyse et l'interprétation de preuves numériques (ISO/IEC 27042:2015)
Informacijska tehnologija - Varnostne tehnike - Smernice za analizo in tolmačenje digitalnih dokazov (ISO/IEC 27042:2015)
Ta mednarodni standard podaja smernice za analizo in tolmačenje digitalnih dokazov na način, ki obravnava vprašanja o neprekinjenosti, preverjanju, reprodukciji in ponovljivosti. Vključuje najboljše prakse za izbiro, zasnovo in izvajanje analitičnih procesov in beleženje zadostne količine informacij, da lahko po potrebi takšni procesi postanejo predmet skrbnega pregleda. Podaja smernice za ustrezne mehanizme za prikaz strokovnosti in usposobljenosti preiskovalne ekipe.
Analiza in interpretacija digitalnih dokazov sta lahko zapleten proces. V nekaterih okoliščinah je mogoče uporabiti več metod, člani preiskovalne ekipe pa morajo v takšnem primeru utemeljiti izbiro določenega procesa in prikazati, da je enakovreden drugemu procesu, ki ga uporabljajo drugi preiskovalci. V drugih okoliščinah lahko preiskovalci zasnujejo nove metode za pregled digitalnih dokazov, ki še niso bile uporabljene, pri čemer naj bi prikazali, da je zasnovana metoda »primerna za uporabo«.
Uporaba določene metode lahko vpliva na interpretacijo digitalnih dokazov, obdelanih s
to metodo. Razpoložljivi digitalni dokazi lahko vplivajo na izbiro metod za nadaljnjo analizo digitalnih dokazov, ki so že pridobljeni.
Ta mednarodni standard podaja splošni okvir za analitične in interpretativne
elemente za obravnavanje informacijskega varnostnega incidenta in ga je mogoče uporabiti kot pomoč pri izvajanju novih metod in podaja minimalen skupni standard za digitalne dokaze, ki nastanejo pri takšnih aktivnostih.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO/IEC 27042:2017
01-januar-2017
,QIRUPDFLMVNDWHKQRORJLMD9DUQRVWQHWHKQLNH6PHUQLFH]DDQDOL]RLQWROPDþHQMH
GLJLWDOQLKGRND]RY ,62,(&
Information technology - Security techniques - Guidelines for the analysis and
interpretation of digital evidence (ISO/IEC 27042:2015)
Informationstechnik - IT-Sicherheitsverfahren - Leitfaden für die Analyse und
Interpretation digitaler Beweismittel (ISO/IEC 27042:2015)
Technologies de l'information - Techniques de sécurité - Lignes directrices pour l'analyse
et l'interprétation de preuves numériques (ISO/IEC 27042:2015)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO/IEC 27042:2016
ICS:
35.030 Informacijska varnost IT Security
SIST EN ISO/IEC 27042:2017 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO/IEC 27042:2017
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SIST EN ISO/IEC 27042:2017
EN ISO/IEC 27042
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
August 2016
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 35.040
English Version
Information technology - Security techniques - Guidelines
for the analysis and interpretation of digital evidence
(ISO/IEC 27042:2015)
Technologies de l'information - Techniques de sécurité Informationstechnik - IT-Sicherheitsverfahren -
- Lignes directrices pour l'analyse et l'interprétation de Leitfaden für die Analyse und Interpretation digitaler
preuves numériques (ISO/IEC 27042:2015) Beweismittel (ISO/IEC 27042:2015)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 19 June 2016.
CEN and CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions
for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical
references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to
any CEN and CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN and CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN and CENELEC members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIO N
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUN G
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2016 CEN and CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means Ref. No. EN ISO/IEC 27042:2016 E
reserved worldwide for CEN and CENELEC national
Members.
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SIST EN ISO/IEC 27042:2017
EN ISO/IEC 27042:2016 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
2
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SIST EN ISO/IEC 27042:2017
EN ISO/IEC 27042:2016 (E)
European foreword
The text of ISO/IEC 27042:2015 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1 “Information
technology” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and has been taken over as EN ISO/IEC 27042:2016.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2017, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2017.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO/IEC 27042:2015 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO/IEC 27042:2016 without any
modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO/IEC 27042:2017
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SIST EN ISO/IEC 27042:2017
INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 27042
First edition
2015-06-15
Information technology — Security
techniques — Guidelines for the
analysis and interpretation of digital
evidence
Technologies de l’information — Techniques de sécurité — Lignes
directrices pour l’analyse et l’interprétation de preuves numériques
Reference number
ISO/IEC 27042:2015(E)
©
ISO/IEC 2015
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SIST EN ISO/IEC 27042:2017
ISO/IEC 27042:2015(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO/IEC 2015, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
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Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO/IEC 2015 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO/IEC 27042:2017
ISO/IEC 27042:2015(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 4
5 Investigation . 4
5.1 Overview . 4
5.2 Continuity . 5
5.3 Repeatability and reproducibility. 5
5.4 Structured approach . 5
5.5 Uncertainty . 6
6 Analysis . 7
6.1 Overview . 7
6.2 General principles . 7
6.3 Use of tools . 8
6.4 Record keeping . 8
7 Analytical models . 8
7.1 Static analysis . 8
7.2 Live analysis . 8
7.2.1 Overview . 8
7.2.2 Live analysis of non-imageable and non-copyable systems . 9
7.2.3 Live analysis of imageable or copyable systems . 9
8 Interpretation . 9
8.1 General . 9
8.2 Accreditation of fact . . 9
8.3 Factors affecting interpretation .10
9 Reporting .10
9.1 Preparation .10
9.2 Suggested report content .10
10 Competence.11
10.1 Overview .11
10.2 Demonstration of competence .11
10.3 Recording competence .11
11 Proficiency .12
11.1 Overview .12
11.2 Mechanisms for demonstration of proficiency .12
Annex A (informative) Examples of Competence and Proficiency Specifications .13
Bibliography .14
© ISO/IEC 2015 – All rights reserved iii
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SIST EN ISO/IEC 27042:2017
ISO/IEC 27042:2015(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical
committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical
activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the
work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee,
ISO/IEC JTC 1.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for
the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject
of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction
and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, SC 27, IT
Security techniques.
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SIST EN ISO/IEC 27042:2017
ISO/IEC 27042:2015(E)
Introduction
General
This International Standard provides guidance on the conduct of the analysis and interpretation of
potential digital evidence in order to identify and evaluate digital evidence which can be used to aid
understanding of an incident. The exact nature of the data and information making up the potential
digital evidence will depend on the nature of the incident and the digital evidence sources involved in
that incident.
When using this International Standard, the user assumes that the guidance given in ISO/IEC 27035-2
and ISO/IEC 27037:2012 has been followed and that all processes used are compatible with the guidance
1)
given in ISO/IEC 27043:2015 and ISO/IEC 27041 .
Relationship to other standards
This International Standard is intended to complement other standards and documents which give
guidance on the investigation of, and preparation to investigate, information security incidents. It is not a
comprehensive guide, but lays down certain fundamental principles which are intended to ensure that tools,
techniques, and methods can be selected appropriately and shown to be fit for purpose should the need arise.
This International Standard also intends to inform decision-makers that need to determine the
reliability of digital evidence presented to them. It is applicable to organizations needing to protect,
analyse, and present potential digital evidence. It is relevant to policy-making bodies that create and
evaluate procedures relating to digital evidence, often as part of a larger body of evidence.
This International Standard describes part of a comprehensive investigative process which includes, but
is not limited to, the following topic areas:
— incident management, including preparation, and planning for investigations;
— handling of digital evidence;
— use of, and issues caused by, redaction;
— intrusion prevention and detection systems, including information which can be obtained from
these systems;
— security of storage, including sanitization of storage;
— ensuring that investigative methods are fit for purpose;
— carrying out analysis and interpretation of digital evidence;
— understanding principles and processes of digital evidence investigations;
— security incident event management, including derivation of evidence from systems involved in
security incident event management;
— relationship between electronic discovery and other investigative methods, as well as the use of
electronic discovery techniques in other investigations;
— governance of investigations, including forensic investigations.
These topic areas are addressed, in part, by the following ISO/IEC standards.
— ISO/IEC 27037
1) To be published.
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SIST EN ISO/IEC 27042:2017
ISO/IEC 27042:2015(E)
This International Standard describes the means by which those involved in the early stages of an
investigation, including initial response, can assure that sufficient potential digital evidence is captured
to allow the investigation to proceed appropriately.
— ISO/IEC 27038
Some documents can contain information that must not be disclosed to some communities. Modified
documents can be released to these communities after an appropriate processing of the original
document. The process of removing information that is not to be disclosed is called “redaction”.
The digital redaction of documents is a relatively new area of document management practice, raising
unique issues and potential risks. Where digital documents are redacted, removed information must not
be recoverable. Hence, care needs to be taken so that redacted information is permanently removed from
the digital document (e.g. it must not be simply hidden within non-displayable portions of the document).
ISO/IEC 27038 specifies methods for digital redaction of digital documents. It also specifies requirements
for software that can be used for redaction.
— ISO/IEC 27040:2015
This International Standard provides detailed technical guidance on how organizations can define
an appropriate level of risk mitigation by employing a well-proven and consistent approach to the
planning, design, documentation, and implementation of data storage security. Storage security applies
to the protection (security) of information where it is stored and to the security of the information
being transferred across the communication links associated with storage. Storage security includes
the security of devices and media, the security of management activities related to the devices and
media, the security of applications and services, and security relevant to end-users during the lifetime
of devices and media and after end of use.
Security mechanisms like encryption and sanitization can affect one’s ability to investigate by
introducing obfuscation mechanisms. They have to be considered prior to and during the conduct of
an investigation. They can also be important in ensuring that storage of evidential material during and
after an investigation is adequately prepared and secured.
— ISO/IEC 27041
It is important that methods and processes deployed during an investigation can be shown to be
appropriate. This International Standard provides guidance on how to provide assurance that methods
and processes meet the requirements of the investigation and have been appropriately tested.
— ISO/IEC 27043:2015
This International Standard defines the key common principles and processes underlying the
investigation of incidents and provides a framework model for all stages of investigations.
The following ISO/IEC projects also address, in part, the topic areas identified above and can lead to the
publication of relevant standards at some time after the publications of this International Standard.
— ISO/IEC 27035 (all parts)
This is a three-part standard that provides organizations with a structured and planned approach to
the management of security incident management. It is composed of
— ISO/IEC 27035-1
This part presents basic concepts and phases of information security incident management. It combines
these concepts with principles in a structured approach to detecting, reporting, assessing, responding,
and applying lessons learned.
— ISO/IEC 27035-2
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SIST EN ISO/IEC 27042:2017
ISO/IEC 27042:2015(E)
This part presents the concepts to plan and prepare for incident response. The concepts, including
incident management policy and plan, incident response team establishment, and awareness briefing
and training, are based on the plan and prepare phase of the model presented in ISO/IEC 27035-1. This
part also covers the “Lessons Learned” phase of the model.
— ISO/IEC 27035-3
This part includes staff responsibilities and practical incident response activities across the organization.
Particular focus is given to the incident response team activities such including monitoring, detection,
analysis, and response activities for the collected data or security events.
2)
— ISO/IEC 27044
This provides guidelines to organizations in preparing to deploy security information and event
management processes/systems. In particular, it addresses the selection, deployment, and operations of
SIEM. It intends specifically to offer assistance in satisfying requirements of ISO/IEC 27001 regarding
the implementation of procedures and other controls capable of enabling prompt detection and response
to security incidents, to execute monitoring, and review procedures to properly identify attempted and
successful security breaches and incidents.
3)
— ISO/IEC 27050 (all parts)
This addresses activities in electronic discovery, including, but not limited to identification, preservation,
collection, processing, review, analysis, and production of electronically stored information (ESI).
In addition, it provides guidance on measures, spanning from initial creation of ESI through its final
disposition, which an organization can undertake to mitigate risk and expense should electronic
discovery become an issue. It is relevant to both non-technical and technical personnel involved in some
or all of the electronic discovery activities. It is important to note that this guidance is not intended to
contradict or supersede local jurisdictional laws and regulations.
Electronic discovery often serves as a driver for investigations, as well as evidence acquisition and
handling activities. In addition, the sensitivity and criticality of the data sometimes necessitate
protections like storage security to guard against data breaches.
— ISO/IEC 30121:2015
This International Standard provides a framework for governing bodies of organizations (including
owners, board members, directors, partners, senior executives, or similar) on the best way to prepare
an organization for digital investigations before they occur. This International Standard applies to the
development of strategic processes (and decisions) relating to the retention, availability, access, and
cost effectiveness of digital evidence disclosure. This International Standard is applicable to all types
and sizes of organizations. The International Standard is about the prudent strategic preparation for
digital investigation of an organization. Forensic readiness assures that an organization has made the
appropriate and relevant strategic preparation for accepting potential events of an evidential nature.
Actions can occur as the result of inevitable security breaches, fraud, and reputation assertion. In every
situation, information technology (IT) has to be strategically deployed to maximize the effectiveness of
evidential availability, accessibility, and cost efficiency
Figure 1 shows typical activities surrounding an incident and its investigation. The numbers shown in
this diagram (e.g. 27037) indicate the International Standards listed above and the shaded bars show
where each is most likely to be directly applicable or has some influence over the investigative process
(e.g. by setting policy or creating constraints). It is recommended, however, that all should be consulted
prior to, and during, the planning and preparation phases. The process classes shown are defined fully
in this International Standard and the activities identified match those discussed in more detail in
ISO/IEC 27035-2, and ISO/IEC 27037.
2) To be published.
3) To be published.
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SIST EN ISO/IEC 27042:2017
ISO/IEC 27042:2015(E)
Figure 1 — Applicability of standards to investigation process classes and activities
viii © ISO/IEC 2015 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO/IEC 27042:2017
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 27042:2015(E)
Information technology — Security techniques — Guidelines
for the analysis and interpretation of digital evidence
1 Scope
This International Standard provides guidance on the analysis and interpretation of digital evidence
in a manner which addresses issues of continuity, validity, reproducibility, and repeatability. It
encapsulates best practice for selection, design, and implementation of analytical processes and
recording sufficient information to allow such processes to be subjected to independent scrutiny
when required. It provides guidance on appropriate mechanisms for demonstrating proficiency and
competence of the investigative team.
Analysis and interpretation of digital evidence can be a complex process. In some circumstances, there
can be several methods which could be applied and members of the investigative team will be required
to justify their selection of a particular process and show how it is equivalent to another process used
by other investigators. In other circumstances, investigators may have to devise new methods for
examining digital evidence which has not previously been considered and should be able to show that
the method produced is “fit for purpose”.
Application of a particular method can influence the interpretation of digital evidence processed by
that method. The available digital evidence can influence the selection of methods for further analysis
of digital evidence which has already been acquired.
This International Standard provides a common framework, for the analytical and interpretational
elements of information systems security incident handling, which can be used to assist in the
implementation of new methods and provide a minimum common standard for digital evidence
produced from such activities.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 27000:2013, Information technology — Security techniques — Information security management
systems — Overview and vocabulary
ISO/IEC 27037:2012, Information technology — Security techniques — Guideline
...
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