F38.03 - Personnel Training, Qualification and Certification

SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides the minimum requirements for an Unmanned Aircraft Flight Manual (UFM) for an unmanned aircraft system (UAS) designed, manufactured, and operated in the light UAS category as defined by a Civil Aviation Authority (CAA). Depending on the size and complexity of the UAS, an UFM may also contain the instruction for maintenance and continuing airworthiness for owner / operator authorized maintenance. This document has been purposefully designed within the broader context of the Committee F38 library. Although the original source materials for the content presented here were intended to function as standalone documents, the committee has consciously removed any redundant information in favor of adopting a referential "single-source-of-truth" approach. Consequently, when applying this standard, it is essential to consider and integrate all relevant Committee F38 standards to ensure its comprehensive and accurate implementation.  
1.2 When intending to utilize the information provided in this document as a Means of Compliance for operational or design approval, or both, it is crucial to consult with the respective oversight authority (for example, CAA) regarding its acceptable use and application. To find out which oversight authorities have accepted this standard (in whole or in part) as an acceptable Means of Compliance to their regulatory requirements (hereinafter "the Rules"), please refer to the Committee F38 webpage (www.ASTM.org/COMMITTEE/F38.htm).  
1.3 This specification defines the UFM information that shall be provided by the manufacturer of a UAS as part of the initial sale or transfer to an end user.  
1.4 This specification applies to a UAS seeking a CAA approval, in the form of airworthiness certificates, type certificates, flight permits, or other like documentation as a UAS, in the configuration specified in the UFM delivered with the system.  
1.5 Any modifications that invalidate or otherwise affect the accuracy of UFM operating instructions shall be approved by the manufacturer and communicated to the regulatory authority in the certificate / permit application.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this standard practice is to provide the minimum requirements for the conduct of compliance audits.  
4.2 The intended use of this practice is to provide a basis for an internal or external entity to develop an audit program. An audit program defines specific requirements for the execution of audits for a particular objective. An example of an audit program would be an external (third party) audit of UAS manufacturer’s quality assurance system.  
4.3 Compliance to this practice would ensure that audit programs and those who develop and execute them are following a consensus set of minimum requirements.  
4.4 This practice does not mandate either internal or external audits.  
4.5 An auditing entity cannot request or approve an audit.  
4.6 Other Audit Criteria—Other audit criteria may be included in the audit scope if specified in the audit plan. Examples include safety, technical, operational, and management requirements. Items that are outside the scope of auditable criteria may be submitted as observations for possible resolution. However, these are not binding and are not mandatory.  
4.7 Additional Services—Additional services are outside the scope of an audit objective. Examples of such services are consultation to resolve negative or open findings or any other service where the auditing entity conducts an activity other than an audit for the audited entity.  
4.8 Compliance Assurance—An audit is only an indicator of the compliance health of the facility or organization, or both, during only the period under review and therefore has limited compliance assurance and is not assumed to be exhaustive.  
4.9 Level of Review is Variable—The audit scope may vary to meet different audit objectives. For example, the audit scope may include only selected audit criteria, selected period under review, or selected portions of a facility or organization.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard practice establishes the minimum set of requirements for auditing programs, methods, and systems, the responsibilities for all parties involved, and qualifications for entities conducting audits against ASTM standards on Unmanned Aircraft Systems. This document has been purposefully designed within the broader context of the Committee F38 library. Although the original source materials for the content presented here were intended to function as standalone documents, the committee has consciously removed any redundant information in favor of adopting a referential "single-source-of-truth" approach. Consequently, when applying this standard, it is essential to consider and integrate all relevant Committee F38 standards to ensure its comprehensive and accurate implementation.  
1.2 When intending to utilize the information provided in this document as a Means of Compliance for operational or design approval, or both, it is crucial to consult with the respective oversight authority (for example, CAA) regarding its acceptable use and application. To find out which oversight authorities have accepted this standard (in whole or in part) as an acceptable Means of Compliance to their regulatory requirements (hereinafter "the Rules"), please refer to the Committee F38 webpage (www.ASTM.org/COMMITTEE/F38.htm).  
1.3 This practice provides requirements to enable consistent and structured examination of objective evidence for compliance that is beneficial for the UAS industry and its consumers. It is the intent of this practice to provide the necessary minimum requirements for organizations to develop audit programs and procedures.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationa...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice establishes the minimum set of requirements for an independent audit program for unmanned aircraft system operators. The intended use is to provide minimum requirements for an initial assessment of operators bringing a new aircraft model or service to market, or for periodic review of an existing operator’s operations.  
4.2 Compliance to this practice would ensure that the audit program and those who execute it meet the consensus set of minimum requirements and qualifications.  
4.3 This practice does not mandate operator independent audits.  
4.4 Independent audits are to be conducted only at the request of the operator or the relevant CAA. This does not preclude an independent audit at the request of a court of law or arbitrator.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes a minimum set of requirements for an Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Operator Independent Audit Program in compliance with Practice F3365. This document has been purposefully designed within the broader context of the Committee F38 library. Although the original source materials for the content presented here were intended to function as standalone documents, the committee has consciously removed any redundant information in favor of adopting a referential "single-source-of-truth" approach. Consequently, when applying this standard, it is essential to consider and integrate all relevant Committee F38 standards to ensure its comprehensive and accurate implementation.  
1.2 When intending to utilize the information provided in this document as a Means of Compliance for operational or design approval, or both, it is crucial to consult with the respective oversight authority (for example, CAA) regarding its acceptable use and application. To find out which oversight authorities have accepted this standard (in whole or in part) as an acceptable Means of Compliance to their regulatory requirements (hereinafter "the Rules"), please refer to the Committee F38 webpage (www.ASTM.org/COMMITTEE/F38.htm).  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide a standardized means of facilitating Remote Pilot training. The guide should be used by all individuals and agencies that train such persons.  
4.2 Successful completion of this training course neither constitutes nor implies certification or licensure from the CAA.  
4.3 This guide is intended to provide guidance to:  
4.3.1 Individuals, who are currently manned pilots (that is, FAA Part 61 or EASA FCL certificate holders), interested in pursuing academic programs and professional opportunities as a remote pilot,  
4.3.2 Individuals, who are currently remote pilots (that is, FAA under Part 107, CASA RePL under Part 101) who want to voluntarily comply with a higher standard, and  
4.3.3 Public agencies that self-certify remote pilots interested in developing unmanned aircraft systems programs.  
4.4 This guide describes required education, training, and continuing professional development for those performing as professional remote pilot. Remote Pilot courses that do not include all of the knowledge and skill objectives of this guide may not be referred to as meeting this guide.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended for two distinct readers: educators who wish to develop curricula and training courses and individual pilots wishing to raise their knowledge level for particular flight operations. The guide describes the knowledge, skills, and abilities required to safely operate unmanned aircraft for commercial purposes. A Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) may, at their discretion, use this guide to aid the development of existing or future regulations. This guide addresses powered fixed-wing, vertical-take-off and lift and rotorcraft UAS and not other potential unmanned aircraft categories (for example, glider, lighter-than-air, etc.). This guide has been purposefully designed within the broader context of the ASTM F38 library. Although the original source materials for the content presented here were intended to function as standalone documents, the committee has consciously removed any redundant information in favor of adopting a referential “single-source-of-truth” approach. Consequently, when applying this standard, it is essential to consider and integrate all relevant ASTM F38 standards to ensure its comprehensive and accurate implementation.  
1.2 When intending to utilize the information provided in this guide as a means of compliance for operational and/or design approval, it is crucial to consult with the respective oversight authority (for example, CAA) regarding its acceptable use and application. To find out which oversight authorities have accepted this standard (in whole or in part) as an acceptable means of compliance to their regulatory requirements (hereinafter “the Rules”), please refer to the ASTM F38 webpage (www.ASTM.org/COMMITTEE/F38.htm).  
1.3 An unmanned aircraft system (UAS) is composed of the unmanned aircraft and all required on-board subsystems, payloads, control station, other required off-board subsystems, any required launch and recovery equipment, all required crew members, and command and control (C2) links between UA and the control station.  
1.4 This guide provides fundamental general knowledge, task performance and knowledge, and activities and functions for remote pilots of lightweight UAS (but not necessarily limited to UAs under 55 lb Gross Take Off Weight) or for certain CAA operational approvals using risk-based categories. Flight operations outside the scope of this guide require additional knowledge, experience, and training.  
1.5 This guide can be used to evaluate a training course outline and syllabus to determine when its content includes the topics necessary for training individuals to be proficient and competent remote pilot personnel. Likewise, this guide may be used to evaluate an existing training program to see when it meets the requirements in this guide.  
1.6 A person meeting the requirem...

SCOPE
1.1 This specification defines the requirements for training and the development of training manuals for the unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) operator.  
1.2 The specification addresses the requirements or best practices, or both, for documentation and organization of a professional operator (that is, for compensation and hire) for the purposes of internal training programs and for programs offered to the general public.  
1.3 This specification supports professional entities that will receive operator certification by a CAA, and provide standards of practice for self- or third-party audit of operators of UAS.  
1.4 The standard case study used to develop this specification focused on operators of light UAS (below 1320 lb/600 kg as defined by EASA), but the specification may be applied to larger aircraft for using other methods of classification (that is, risk based classes and pilot privileges classes).  
1.5 Training manuals that do not include all the minimum requirements of this specification may not be referred to as meeting this specification.  
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard covers definitions of terms and concepts related to unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). It is intended to encourage the consistent use of terminology throughout all ASTM unmanned aircraft system standards and is intended to complement F3060 Standard Terminology for Aircraft. Terms already included in Terminology F3060 are not duplicated here.  
1.2 A definition adapted from a particular standard within the ASTM F38 collection of standards is not limited to use within only those standards.  
1.3 Additional terms specific to a given standard may be defined solely within that standard and not included here.  
1.4 Units—The definitions of units will be as defined in NIST SP 330, and will not be duplicated in this document. NIST SP 330 is available on the internet.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Every person who is identified as a PS-RP shall have met the requirements of this guide.  
4.2 This guide is to be used by individuals and agencies having jurisdiction who wish to identify the minimum training standards for PS-RP.  
4.3 This guide is only the first level of training for PS-RP personnel, and as such, only establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities required for a person to perform as a PS-RP.  
4.4 Nothing in this guide precludes a user of this guide from adding additional requirements for its own members. The US-specific examples are intended to establish a common frame of reference.  
4.5 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is only an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating a PS-RP, but it can be used to develop a training document or program.  
4.6 It is up to the training authority to determine the depth or detail of training to meet its needs. Terminologies and requirements for secondary or associated training should be task/specialization-specific—not all operators require all types and levels of training. This guide supports alternatives and subsets of knowledge requirements appropriate to the type of operation, when part of a documented training program according to Specification F3330.  
4.7 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with the referenced documents to provide the specific information needed by the user.  
4.8 This guide can be used to evaluate a book or other document to determine if its content meets the necessary topics for training a PS-RP. Likewise, the guide can be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements of this guide.  
4.9 The knowledge, skill, and ability requirements presented in the following sections are not presented in any particular order and do not represent a training sequence.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the minimum training requirements for public safety remote pilots (PS-RPs) as it relates to their general, field, and search specific knowledge and skills.  
1.2 This guide does not provide the minimum training requirements for sUAS operations in partially or fully collapsed structures, in or on water, in confined spaces, or underground (such as caves, mines, and tunnels.)  
1.2.1 Basic remote piloting skills and knowledge are found in Guide F3266.  
1.3 Personnel trained to this guide are not qualified to operate in leadership positions outside of UAS teams.  
1.4 Further training may be required before a PS-RP can participate on a particular kind of UAS team, depending on local needs, regulations, or policies of the authority holding jurisdiction (AHJ).  
1.5 This guide is created without regard to the type of unmanned aircraft system or personal protective equipment that is used by a PS-RP individual. It is expected that all UAS are compliant with Specification F3298 or Specification F2910.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides the minimum requirements for a General Maintenance Manual (GMM) for an unmanned aircraft system (UAS) designed, manufactured, and operated in the small UAS category as defined by a Civil Aviation Authority (CAA).  
1.2 This specification applies to support professional entities that will receive operator certification by a CAA, and provide standards of practice for self- or third-party audit of operators of UAS.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard covers definitions of terms and concepts related to unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). It is intended to encourage the consistent use of terminology throughout all ASTM unmanned aircraft system standards and is intended to complement F3060 Standard Terminology for Aircraft. Terms already included in Terminology F3060 are not duplicated here.  
1.2 A definition adapted from a particular standard within the ASTM F38 collection of standards is not limited to use within only those standards.  
1.3 Additional terms specific to a given standard may be defined solely within that standard and not included here.  
1.4 Units—The definitions of units will be as defined in NIST SP 330, and will not be duplicated in this document. NIST SP 330 is available on the internet.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard covers definitions of terms and concepts related to unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). It is intended to encourage the consistent use of terminology throughout all ASTM unmanned aircraft system standards and is intended to complement F3060 Standard Terminology for Aircraft. Terms already included in Terminology F3060 are not duplicated here.  
1.2 A definition adapted from a particular standard within the ASTM F38 collection of standards is not limited to use within only those standards.  
1.3 Additional terms specific to a given standard may be defined solely within that standard and not included here.  
1.4 Units—The definitions of units will be as defined in NIST SP 330, and will not be duplicated in this document. NIST SP 330 is available on the internet.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard covers definitions of terms and concepts related to unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). It is intended to encourage the consistent use of terminology throughout all ASTM unmanned aircraft system standards and is intended to complement F3060 Standard Terminology for Aircraft. Terms already included in Terminology F3060 are not duplicated here.  
1.2 A definition adapted from a particular standard within the ASTM F38 collection of standards is not limited to use within only those standards.  
1.3 Additional terms specific to a given standard may be defined solely within that standard and not included here.  
1.4 Units—The definitions of units will be as defined in NIST SP 330, and will not be duplicated in this document. NIST SP 330 is available on the internet.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice establishes the minimum set of requirements for an independent audit program for unmanned aircraft system operators. The intended use is to provide minimum requirements for an initial assessment of operators bringing a new aircraft model or service to market, or for periodic review of an existing operator’s operations.  
4.2 Compliance to this practice would ensure that the audit program and those who execute it meet the consensus set of minimum requirements and qualifications.  
4.3 This practice does not mandate operator independent audits.  
4.4 Independent audits are to be conducted only at the request of the operator or the relevant CAA. This does not preclude an independent audit at the request of a court of law or arbitrator.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes a minimum set of requirements for an Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Operator Independent Audit Program in compliance with Practice F3365.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The purpose of this standard practice is to provide the minimum requirements for the conduct of compliance audits.  
3.2 The intended use of this practice is to provide a basis for an internal or external entity to develop an audit program. An audit program defines specific requirements for the execution of audits for a particular objective. An example of an audit program would be an external (third party) audit of UAS manufacturer’s quality assurance system.  
3.3 Compliance to this practice would ensure that audit programs and those who develop and execute them are following a consensus set of minimum requirements.  
3.4 This practice does not mandate either internal or external audits.  
3.5 An auditing entity cannot request or approve an audit.  
3.6 Other Audit Criteria—Other audit criteria may be included in the audit scope if specified in the audit plan. Examples include safety, technical, operational, and management requirements. Items that are outside the scope of auditable criteria may be submitted as observations for possible resolution. However, these are not binding and are not mandatory.  
3.7 Additional Services—Additional services are outside the scope of an audit objective. Examples of such services are consultation to resolve negative or open findings or any other service where the auditing entity conducts an activity other than an audit for the audited entity.  
3.8 Compliance Assurance—An audit is only an indicator of the compliance health of the facility or organization, or both, during only the period under review and therefore has limited compliance assurance and is not assumed to be exhaustive.  
3.9 Level of Review is Variable—The audit scope may vary to meet different audit objectives. For example, the audit scope may include only selected audit criteria, selected period under review, or selected portions of a facility or organization.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard practice establishes the minimum set of requirements for auditing programs, methods, and systems, the responsibilities for all parties involved, and qualifications for entities conducting audits against ASTM standards on Unmanned Aircraft Systems.  
1.2 This practice provides requirements to enable consistent and structured examination of objective evidence for compliance that is beneficial for the UAS industry and its consumers. It is the intent of this practice to provide the necessary minimum requirements for organizations to develop audit programs and procedures.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification defines the requirements for training and the development of training manuals for the unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) operator.  
1.2 The specification addresses the requirements or best practices, or both, for documentation and organization of a professional operator (that is, for compensation and hire) for the purposes of internal training programs and for programs offered to the general public.  
1.3 This specification supports professional entities that will receive operator certification by a CAA, and provide standards of practice for self- or third-party audit of operators of UAS.  
1.4 The standard case study used to develop this specification focused on operators of light UAS (below 1320 lb/600 kg as defined by EASA), but the specification may be applied to larger aircraft for using other methods of classification (that is, risk based classes and pilot privileges classes).  
1.5 Training manuals that do not include all the minimum requirements of this specification may not be referred to as meeting this specification.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides the minimum requirements for an Unmanned Aircraft Flight Manual (UFM) for an unmanned aircraft system (UAS) designed, manufactured, and operated in the light UAS category as defined by a Civil Aviation Authority (CAA). Depending on the size and complexity of the UAS, an UFM may also contain the instruction for maintenance and continuing airworthiness for owner / operator authorized maintenance.  
1.2 This specification defines the UFM information that shall be provided by the manufacturer of a UAS as part of the initial sale or transfer to an end user.  
1.3 This specification applies to a UAS seeking a CAA approval, in the form of airworthiness certificates, type certificates, flight permits, or other like documentation as a UAS, in the configuration specified in the UFM delivered with the system.  
1.4 Any modifications that invalidate or otherwise affect the accuracy of UFM operating instructions shall be approved by the manufacturer and communicated to the regulatory authority in the certificate / permit application.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide a standardized means of facilitating Remote Pilot training. The guide should be used by all individuals and agencies that train such persons.  
4.2 Successful completion of this training course neither constitutes nor implies certification or licensure from the CAA.  
4.3 This guide is intended to provide guidance to:  
4.3.1 Individuals, who are currently manned pilots (that is, FAA Part 61 or EASA FCL certificate holders), interested in pursuing academic programs and professional opportunities as a remote pilot,  
4.3.2 Individuals, who are currently remote pilots (that is, FAA under Part 107, CASA RePL under Part 101) who want to voluntarily comply with a higher standard, and  
4.3.3 Public agencies that self-certify remote pilots interested in developing unmanned aircraft systems programs.  
4.4 This guide describes required education, training, and continuing professional development for those performing as professional remote pilot. Remote Pilot courses that do not include all of the knowledge and skill objectives of this guide may not be referred to as meeting this guide.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended for two distinct readers: educators who wish to develop curricula and training courses and individual pilots wishing to raise their knowledge level for particular flight operations. The guide describes the knowledge, skills, and abilities required to safely operate unmanned aircraft for commercial purposes. A Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) may, at their discretion, use this guide to aid the development of existing or future regulations. This guide addresses powered fixed-wing, vertical-take-off and lift and rotorcraft UAS and not other potential unmanned aircraft categories (for example, glider, lighter-than-air, etc.).  
1.2 An unmanned aircraft system (UAS) is composed of the unmanned aircraft and all required on-board subsystems, payloads, control station, other required off-board subsystems, any required launch and recovery equipment, all required crew members, and command and control (C2) links between UA and the control station.  
1.3 This guide provides fundamental general knowledge, task performance and knowledge, and activities and functions for remote pilots of lightweight UAS (but not necessarily limited to UAs under 55 lb Gross Take Off Weight) or for certain CAA operational approvals using risk-based categories. Flight operations outside the scope of this guide require additional knowledge, experience, and training.  
1.4 This guide can be used to evaluate a training course outline and syllabus to determine when its content includes the topics necessary for training individuals to be proficient and competent remote pilot personnel. Likewise, this guide may be used to evaluate an existing training program to see when it meets the requirements in this guide.  
1.5 A person meeting the requirements of this guide does not necessarily possess adequate knowledge, experience, and training to make specific mission-critical decisions safely. This guide merely describes recommended topics and does not provide specific mission training.  
1.6 It is not the intent of this guide to require that a training course track the sequence or exact scope of the topics presented. However, the knowledge and skill objectives that are part of the training course should be included in any training course outline and syllabus to be used to train remote pilots. Furthermore, it is not the intent of this guide to limit the addition of knowledge and skill objectives required by local conditions or any governmental body.  
1.7 The knowledge, skills, and abilities described in the following sections are not intended to be a rigid training sequence and should be adjusted by the appropriate CAA for specific scope and context.  
1.8 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with other CAA/ASTM standards to identify the knowledge, skills, and abi...

SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides the minimum requirements for an Aircraft Flight Manual (AFM) for an unmanned aircraft system (UAS) designed, manufactured, and operated in the small UAS (sUAS) category as defined by a Civil Aviation Authority (CAA). Depending on the size and complexity of the sUAS, an AFM may also contain the instruction for maintenance and continuing airworthiness for owner / operator authorized maintenance.  
1.2 This specification defines the AFM information that shall be provided by the manufacturer of a sUAS as part of the initial sale or transfer to an end user.  
1.3 This specification applies to a sUAS seeking a CAA approval, in the form of airworthiness certificates, type certificates, flight permits, or other like documentation as a sUAS, in the configuration specified in the AFM delivered with the system.  
1.4 Any modifications that invalidate or otherwise affect the accuracy of AFM operating instructions shall be approved by the manufacturer and communicated to the regulatory authority in the certificate / permit application.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides the minimum requirements for an Aircraft Flight Manual (AFM) for an unmanned aircraft system (UAS) designed, manufactured, and operated in the small UAS (sUAS) category as defined by a nation’s Governing Aviation Authority (GAA). Depending on the size and complexity of the sUAS, an AFM may also contain the instruction for maintenance and continuing airworthiness for owner / operator authorized maintenance.  
1.2 This specification defines the AFM information that shall be provided by the manufacturer of a sUAS as part of the initial sale or transfer to an end user.  
1.3 This specification applies to a sUAS seeking a nation’s GAA approval, in the form of flight certificates, airworthiness certificates, type certificates, flight permits, or other like documentation as a sUAS, in the configuration specified in the AFM delivered with the system.  
1.4 Any modifications that invalidate or otherwise affect the accuracy of AFM operating instructions shall be approved by the manufacturer and communicated to the regulatory authority in the certificate / permit application.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Unmanned aircraft present unique challenges for applicants and examiners. Unlike manned aircraft, in which, regardless of the size and complexity of the aircraft, there are still basic similarities in concepts and operations, unmanned aircraft are varied in both flight capability and pilot interaction. Many aspects of unmanned aircraft operations are automated, and the pilots may not have the same information available to them (that is, pitch and bank) that pilots flying manned aircraft have available to them. This will create a situation in which some unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) will not be capable of meeting all the requirements of this practice or will not require the same skill sets that manned aircraft require.
The examiner will have to decide which tasks the applicant's UAS will be capable of completing and test those tasks. As required, the examiner will note any limitations as a result of the UAS being incapable of performing a task on the applicant's certificate per 14 CFR 61.45(b)(2). If the applicant desires to have a certificate with no restrictions or limitations, he/she will need to use a UAS that is capable of completing all the tasks in this practice.
Information considered directive in nature is described in this practice by the use of “shall” and “must” indicating the actions are mandatory. Guidance information is described in terms such as “should” and “may” indicating the actions are desirable or permissive but not mandatory. A list of acronyms is in Section 3.
This practice includes the areas of operation and tasks that will demonstrate the pilot's ability to fly the unmanned aircraft safely and proficiently.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice defines the knowledge, skills, and abilities required of unmanned aircraft pilots to be able to fly unmanned aircraft—single-engine land (SEL) in the national airspace system safely and for hire.
1.2 The commercial unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) pilot practical test standards (PTS)-unmanned aircraft include the areas of operation and tasks that will demonstrate the pilot's ability to fly the unmanned aircraft safely and proficiently.
1.3 This practice does not apply to pilots who will fly mini/small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for hire within visual range of the pilot, mini/small UAVs being those UAVs listed as lightly regulated.
1.4 This practice provides a PTS intended to meet the Civil Aviation Authority’s (CAA) requirements for issuing commercial UAS pilot authorizations.
1.5 The values given in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This practice defines the knowledge, skills, and abilities required of unmanned aircraft pilots to be able to fly unmanned aircraft—single-engine land (SEL) in the national airspace system safely and for hire.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee F38 on Unmanned Aircraft Systems, this practice was withdrawn without replacement in May 2014 due to its terminology being no longer applicable to the industry.

ABSTRACT
This classification provides a set of definitions and categories for the certification and licensing of Unmanned Aircraft (UA) pilots. It is designed for use by both industry and regulatory authorities applicable to UA across the entire size, weight and performance continuum, and is guided by the following principles: match existing regulations for manned aircraft to the maximum extent practical; similar words in other standards or regulations shall have similar meaning herein; avoid burdening regulatory agencies and users with an overabundance of new terms and definitions; and anticipate adoption by military and government users, although targeted primarily at commercial and private users.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification covers a set of definitions and categorization for the certification and licensing of Unmanned Aircraft (UA) pilots. It is designed for use by both industry and regulatory authorities applicable to UA across the entire size, weight and performance continuum. In creating this classification, contributors were guided by the following principles:
1.1.1 Parallel existing regulations for manned aircraft to the maximum extent practical.
1.1.2 Similar words in other standards or regulations shall have similar meaning herein (e.g., 14 CFR Part 61 and FAA Notice 07-01, and Australias CASR Part 101).
1.1.3 Avoid burdening regulatory agencies and users with an overabundance of new terms and definitions. Where new terms are required, their meanings shall strive to be self-evident.
1.1.4 Although targeted primarily at commercial and private users, the standard should anticipate adoption by military and government users.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This classification covers a set of definitions and categorization for the certification and licensing of Unmanned Aircraft (UA) pilots. It is designed for use by both industry and regulatory authorities applicable to UA across the entire size, weight and performance continuum.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee F38 on Unmanned Aircraft Systems, this classification was withdrawn without replacement in May 2014 due to its limited applicability to the industry.