CEN/TC 335/WG 3 - Sampling and sample reduction

This European Standard describes methods for reducing combined samples (or increments) to laboratory samples and laboratory samples to sub-samples and general analysis samples and is applicable to solid biofuels.
The methods described in this European Standard may be used for sample preparation, for example, when the samples are to be tested for calorific value, moisture content, ash content, bulk density, durability, particle size distribution, ash melting behaviour, chemical composition, and impurities. The methods are not intended to be applied to the very large samples required for the testing of bridging properties.

This European Standard describes methods for preparing sampling plans and certificates and taking samples of solid biofuels, for example, from the place where the raw materials grow, from production plant, from deliveries e.g. lorry loads, or from stock. It includes both manual and mechanical methods, and is applicable to solid biofuels that are either:
-   fine (particle size up to about 10 mm) and regularly-shaped particulate materials that can be sampled using a scoop or pipe, for example: sawdust, olive stones and wood pellets;
-   coarse or irregularly-shaped particulate materials, particle sizes up to about 200 mm that can be sampled using a fork or shovel, for example: wood chips and nut shells, forest residue chips, and straw;
-   baled materials for example: baled straw or grass;
-   large pieces (particles sizes above 200 mm) which are either picked manually or automatically;
-   vegetable waste, fibrous waste from virgin pulp production and from production of paper from pulp that has been dewatered;
-    round wood.
It may be possible to use this standard on other solid biofuels. The methods described in this European Standard may be used, for example, when the samples are to be tested for moisture content, ash content, calorific value, bulk density, durability, particle size distribution, ash melting behaviour and chemical composition. The methods are not intended for obtaining the very large samples required for the testing of bridging properties.

This Part of this Technical Specification describes methods for taking samples of solid biofuels, for example, from the place where the raw materials grow, from production plant, from deliveries, or from stock. It includes both manual and mechanical methods, and is applicable to solid biofuels that are either:
-   fine and regularly-shaped particulate materials, particle sizes up to about 10 mm that can be sampled using a scoop or pipe, for example: sawdust, olive stones and wood pellets;
-   coarse or irregularly-shaped particulate materials, particle sizes up to about 200 mm that can be sampled using a fork or shovel, for example: wood chips and nut shells, forest residue chips, and loose straw;
-   baled materials that require a special sampling tool to be used if the bales are not to be broken open for sampling, for example: baled straw or grass;
-   large pieces (particles sizes above 200 mm) which are to be picked manually;
-   fibrous and vegetable waste dewatered in belt press.
The methods described in this Technical Specification may be used, for example, when the samples are to be tested for bulk density, durability, particle size distribution, moisture content, ash content, ash melting behaviour, calorific value, chemical composition, and impurities. The methods are not intended for obtaining the very large samples required for the testing of bridging properties. Informative Annex B gives recommendations for the sampling frequency for different situations. Part 2 of this Technical Specification describes methods to be used in the particular situation when samples are to be taken from lorry-loads of solid biofuels.

This Technical Specification describes methods for preparing sampling plans and sampling certificates, and is applicable to solid biofuels that are either:
-   fine and regularly-shaped particulate materials, particle sizes up to about 10 mm that can be sampled using a scoop or pipe, for example: sawdust, olive stones and wood pellets;
-   coarse or irregularly-shaped particulate materials, particle sizes up to about 200 mm that can be sampled using a fork or shovel, for example: wood chips and nut shells, forest residue chips, and loose straw;
-   baled materials that require a special sampling tool to be used if the bales are not to be broken open for sampling, for example baled straw or grass;
-   large pieces (particles sizes above 200 mm) which are to be picked manually;
-   Fibrous and vegetable waste dewatered in belt press.
The methods described in this Technical Specification may be used, for example, when the samples are to be tested for bulk density, durability, particle size distribution, moisture content, ash content, ash melting behaviour, calorific value, chemical composition, and impurities. The methods are not intended for obtaining the very large samples required for the testing of bridging properties.

This Technical Specification describes methods for taking samples of solid biofuels that are transported in lorries, and is applicable to solid biofuels that are either:
-   fine and regularly-shaped particulate materials, particle sizes up to about 10 mm that can be sampled using a scoop, for example: sawdust, olive stones and wood pellets;
-   coarse or irregularly-shaped particulate materials, particle sizes up to about 200 mm that can be sampled using a fork or shovel, for example: wood chips and nut shells, forest residue chips, and loose straw.
It may be used, for example, when the samples are to be tested for bulk density, durability, particle size distribution, moisture content, ash content, ash melting behaviour, calorific value, chemical composition and impurities. It is not intended for obtaining the very large samples required for the testing of bridging properties. It does not provide any information on how often lorry-loads should be selected for sampling.

This Technical Specification describes methods for reducing combined samples to laboratory samples and laboratory samples to sub-samples and general analysis samples, and is applicable to solid biofuels that are either:
-   fine and regularly-shaped particulate materials, particle sizes up to about 10 mm that can be sampled using a scoop or pipe, for example: sawdust, olive stones and wood pellets;
-   coarse or irregularly-shaped particulate materials, particle sizes up to about 200 mm that can be sampled using a fork or shovel, for example: wood chips and nut shells, forest residue chips, and loose straw;
-   large pieces with nominal top size above 200 mm;
The methods described in this Technical Specification may be used for sample preparation, for example, when the samples are to be tested for bulk density, durability, particle size distribution, moisture content, ash content, ash melting behaviour, calorific value, chemical composition, and impurities. The methods are not intended to be applied to the very large samples required for the testing of bridging properties.