ASTM D5729-97(2004)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Thickness of Nonwoven Fabrics (Withdrawn 2008)
Standard Test Method for Thickness of Nonwoven Fabrics (Withdrawn 2008)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used in the trade for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of nonwoven fabrics; however, caution is advised since information about between-laboratory precision is incomplete. Comparative tests as directed in 5.1.1 may be advisable.
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. Test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using the appropriate Student’t-test and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either is cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results with consideration to the known bias.
Thickness is one of the basic physical properties of nonwoven fabrics. In certain industrial applications, the thickness may require rigid control within specified limits. Bulk and warmth properties of nonwoven fabrics are often estimated from their thickness values, and thickness is also useful in measuring performance characteristics, such as, before and after abrasion and shrinkage.
The thickness values of most nonwoven fabrics will vary considerably depending on the pressure applied to the specimen at the time the thickness measurement is taken. In all cases, the apparent thickness varies inversely with the pressure applied. For this reason, it is essential that the pressure be specified when discussing or listing any thic...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the thickness of most nonwoven fabrics.
1.2 This test method applies to most nonwoven fabrics that are treated or untreated, including those heavily sized, coated or resin-treated.
1.3 This test method may not be useful for highloft nonwoven fabrics. For thickness of highloft nonwoven fabric see Test Method D 5736.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The U.S. customary units (inch-pound) may be approximate.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers the measurement of the thickness of most nonwoven fabrics.
This standard is being withdrawn with no replacement because D13 no longer has the technical expertise to maintain.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D13 on Textiles, this test methods were withdrawn in October 2008.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
e1
Designation:D5729–97 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Test Method for
Thickness of Nonwoven Fabrics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5729; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Section 6.1.2 was corrected editorially in September 2006.
1. Scope 3.1.2.1 Discussion—In textiles, the distance between the
upper and lower surfaces of the material, measured under a
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the thick-
specified pressure. Thickness is usually determined as the
ness of most nonwoven fabrics.
distance between an anvil, or base, and a presser foot used to
1.2 This test method applies to most nonwoven fabrics that
apply the specified pressure.
are treated or untreated, including those heavily sized, coated
3.1.3 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test
or resin-treated.
method, refer to Terminology D 123.
1.3 This test method may not be useful for highloft non-
woven fabrics. For thickness of highloft nonwoven fabric see
4. Summary of Test Method
Test Method D 5736.
4.1 The thickness of a textile material is determined by
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
observing the linear distance that a movable plane is displaced
standard. The U.S. customary units (inch-pound) may be
from a parallel surface by the specimen while under a specified
approximate.
pressure.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1 This test method is used in the trade for acceptance
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
testing of commercial shipments of nonwoven fabrics; how-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ever, caution is advised since information about between-
2. Referenced Documents laboratory precision is incomplete. Comparative tests as di-
2 rected in 5.1.1 may be advisable.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
reported test results when using this test method for acceptance
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing
testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the sup-
D 5736 Test Method for Thickness of Highloft Nonwoven
plier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is
Fabrics
a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statis-
3. Terminology tical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias.
As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test
3.1 Definitions:
specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are
3.1.1 pressure, n—the force or load per unit area.
from a lot of material of the type in question. Test specimens
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Pressure may be expressed in any ap-
should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each
propriate or specified units, such as Pascals (Pa), Newtons per
laboratory for testing. The average results from the two
square meter (N/m2), or pounds-force per square inch (psi).
laboratories should be compared using the appropriate Stu-
3.1.2 thickness, n—the distance between one surface and its
dent’s t-test and an acceptable probability level chosen by the
opposite.
two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either is
cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the
supplier must agree to interpret future test results with consid-
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD13onTextiles,
eration to the known bias.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.90 on Executive .
5.2 Thickness is one of the basic physical properties of
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1997. Published August 1998. Originally
published as D 5729 – 95. Last previous edition D 5729 – 95.
nonwoven fabrics. In certain industrial applications, the thick-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
ness may require rigid control within specified limits. Bulk and
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
warmth properties of nonwoven fabrics are often estimated
Standardsvolume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. from their thickness values, and thickness is also useful in
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
e1
D5729–97 (2004)
measuring performance characteristics, such as, before and fabric without cutting providing it can be maintained in a plane
after abrasion and shrinkage. parallel to the presser foot and anvil while making measure-
5.3 The thickness values of most nonwoven fabrics will ments.
vary considerably depending on the pressure applied to the 7.3.1 Cutting Test Specimens—Whencuttingspecimens,cut
specimen at the time the thickness measurement is taken. In all having linear dimensions at least 20 % greater in size than the
cases, the apparent thickness varies inversely with the pressure presser foot to be used. Label to maintain specimen identity.
applied. For this reason, it is essential that the pressure be 7.3.1.1 Cut specimens representing a broad distribution
specified when discussing or listing any thickness value. within the laboratory sampling units and no nearer the edge
than one-tenth its width. Ensure specimens are free of folds,
6. Apparatus creases,orwrinkles.Avoidgettingoil,water,grease,etc.onthe
specimens when handling.
6.1 Thickness Testing Gage—of the dead-weight, calibrated
spring force, or string gage type and having dimensions and
8. Conditioning
capabilities specified below, unless otherwise agreed upon
8.1 Condition 1, Unspecified Testing Conditioning:
between the purchaser and the supplier.
8.2 No conditioning is required unless otherwise specified
6.1.1 Presser foot, circular presser foot 25.40 6 0.02 mm
in a material specification or contract order.
(1.000 6 0.001 in.) diameter.
8.3 Condition 2, Standard Testing Conditioning:
6.1.2 Anvil, 38 mm (1.5 in.) diameter or greater.
8.3.1 When specified, precondition the specimens by bring-
6.1.3 Anvil/Presser Foot Parallelism, 0.01 mm (0.0005 in.).
ing them to approximate moisture equilibrium in the standard
6.1.4 Foot Surface Parallelism, 0.002 mm (0.0001 in.).
atmosphere for preconditioning textiles as directed in Practice
6.1.5 Applied Force, 4.14 6 0.21 kPa (0.60 6 0.03 psi).
D 1776.
6.1.6 Readability, 0.02 mm (0.001 in.).
8.3.2 After preconditioning, bring the test specimens to
6.1.7 Automatic, microprocessor data gathering systems,
moisture equilibrium for testing in the standard atmosphere for
optional.
testing textiles as directed in Practice D 1776 or, if applicable,
6.2 Cutting Dies—Dies to cut specimens having linear
in the specified atmosphere in which the testing is to be
dimensions at least 20 % greater than the presser foot to be
performed.
used in measuring the thickness, optional.
9. Procedure
7. Sampling and Test Specimens
9.1 Test the specimens in the environment as directed in an
7.1 Lot Sample—As a lot sample for acceptance testing,
applicable material specification or contract order.
take at random the number of rolls, or pieces, of fabric directed
9.2 Verifycalibrationofthethicknessgageasdirectedinthe
in an applicable material specification or other agreement
manufacturer’s instructions.
between the purchaser and the supplier. Consider the rolls, or
9.3 When using microprocessor automatic data gathering
pieces, of fabric to be the primary sampling units. In the
systems, set the appropriate parameters as defined in the
absence of such an agreement, take the number of fabric rolls
manufacturer’s instructions.
specified in Table 1.
9.4 Handle the test specimens carefully to avoid altering the
NOTE 1—An adequate specification or other agreement between the
natural state of the material. Place the specimen on the anvil of
purchaserandsupplierrequirestakingintoaccountthevariabilitybetween
the test apparatus and bring the presser foot into contact with
rolls or pieces of fabric and between specimens from a swatch from a roll
the opposite side of the material (often referred to as the
or pieces of fabric to provide a sampling plan with meaningful producer’s
“face”).
risk, consumer’s risk, acceptable quality level, and limiting quality level.
9.5 Gradually increase the pressure to the specified level
7.2 Laboratory Sample—For the laboratory sample, take a
allowing approximately5sto a
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