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ASTM D5661-95(2001)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Relative Solvency of Petroleum Oils by the PKP Method (Withdrawn 2010)

Standard Test Method for Relative Solvency of Petroleum Oils by the PKP Method (Withdrawn 2010)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
PKP values indicate high aromatic or high naphthenic content, or both, which contributes to high relative solvency of the oil.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the relative solvency of petroleum oils used in ink formulations by a pentaerythritol ester of resin acids (PKP) titration.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to petroleum oils that have an initial boiling point over 90oC and a dry point under 500oC as determined by Method D86.
1.3 This test method, along with viscosity measurements as determined by Test Method D445, is used to ensure the compositional consistency of petroleum oils. It can also differentiate between hydrotreated and non-hydrotreated oils that have the same viscosity.  
1.4 This test method includes the use of a U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)-designated flammable chemical, pentane. Consult the suppliers' material safety data sheet for specific hazard information and guidance relative to use.  
1.5  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in 1.3.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers a procedure for determining the relative solvency of petroleum oils used in ink formulations by a pentaerythritol ester of resin acids (PKP) titration.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications, this test method was withdrawn in January 2010 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

General Information

Status
Withdrawn
Publication Date
31-Dec-2000
Withdrawal Date
30-Jan-2010
ICS
75.040 - Crude petroleum
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.37 - Ink Vehicles
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5661-95 - Standard Test Method for Relative Solvency of Petroleum Oils by the PKP Method
Effective Date
01-Jan-2001

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ASTM D5661-95(2001) - Standard Test Method for Relative Solvency of Petroleum Oils by the PKP Method (Withdrawn 2010)ASTM D5661-95(2001) - Standard Test Method for Relative Solvency of Petroleum Oils by the PKP Method (Withdrawn 2010)
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ASTM D5661-95(2001) - Standard Test Method for Relative Solvency of Petroleum Oils by the PKP Method (Withdrawn 2010)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:D5661–95(Reapproved2001)
Standard Test Method for
Relative Solvency of Petroleum Oils by the PKP Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5661; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D611 Test Methods for Aniline Point and Mixed Aniline
Point of Petroleum Products and Hydrocarbon Solvents
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the
D841 Specification for Nitration Grade Toluene
relative solvency of petroleum oils used in ink formulations by
2 E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
a pentaerythritol ester of resin acids (PKP) titration.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.2 This test method is applicable to petroleum oils that
have an initial boiling point over 90°C and a dry point under
3. Terminology
500°C as determined by Test Method D86.
3.1 Definitions:
1.3 This test method, along with viscosity measurements as
3.1.1 PKP value of a solvent—the volume in millilitres, at
determined by Test Method D445, is used to ensure the
25 6 2°C, of pentane required to produce a defined degree of
compositional consistency of petroleum oils. It can also differ-
turbidity of a mixture containing 10 g of the test oil and5gof
entiate between hydrotreated and non-hydrotreated oils that
a standard solution of a pentaerythritol ester of resin acids in
have the same viscosity.
toluene.
1.4 ThistestmethodincludestheuseofaU.S.Occupational
Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)—designated flam-
4. Summary of Test Method
mablechemical,pentane.Consultthesuppliers’materialsafety
4.1 A 40 % solution by weight of PKP in toluene is stan-
datasheetforspecifichazardinformationandguidancerelative
dardized in two steps by mixing with toluene and titrating with
to use.
pentane, and also by mixing with a toluene-heptane solution
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
and titrating with pentane until a turbidity end point is reached.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.2 The standardized PKPsolution is mixed with the test oil
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
and titrated with pentane. The test result is expressed as
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
millilitres of pentane.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard
statements are given in 1.3.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 PKP values indicate high aromatic or high naphthenic
2. Referenced Documents
content, or both, which contributes to high relative solvency of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the oil.
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
Atmospheric Pressure
6. Apparatus
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
6.1 Magnetic Stirrer, with stir bar.
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
6.2 Erlenmeyer Flask, 1000-mL capacity.
ity)
6.3 Glass Beaker, 250-mL capacity.
6.4 Burette, 50-mL capacity.
6.5 Print Specimen, such as a 152 by 152 mm sheet of
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
newspaper with 10-point type.
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.37 on Ink Vehicles.
6.6 Analytical Balance, 100-g capacity, with reproducibility
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 1995. Published April 1995. DOI: 10.1520/
of 0.01 g.
D5661-95R01.
2 6.7 Sieve Screen, 10 mesh.
PentalyntK (PKP) is a pentaerythritol ester of dimeric resin acids and is
available from Hercules Incorporated, Resins Group, Hercules Plaza, Wilmington,
7. Reagents
DE 19894.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
7.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. all reagents conform to the specifications of the Committee on
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D5661–95 (2001)
Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society where the millilitres of pentane required. This pentane volume is
such specifications are available. Other grades may be used, value B in the equation.
provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently
9. Procedure
high purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of
9.1 Weigh out 5.00 6 0.01 g of PKP solution and 10.00 6
the determination.
0.01 g of the ink oil or solvent into a 250-mL glass beaker.
7.2 PKP Solution (40 %)—Weigh out 200 g of fresh (less
Titrate with pentane as just described, and record the volume.
than 60 days old) high-dilutability PentalyntK flakes, which
This pentane volume is value C in the equation.
have been sieved through a No. 10 mesh screen to remove
fines. Add this to a
...

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5.1 In the absence of water, the crude oil is noncorrosive. However, trace amounts of water and sediment have the potential to create corrosive situations during crude oil handling or transport if such materials accumulate and persist on steel surfaces. Test Methods D473 and D4006 provide methods for determination of the water and sediment content of crude oil.  
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1.4 This guide is intended to assist in the selection of methodologies that can be used for determining the corrosivity of crude oil under conditions in which water is present in the liquid state (typically up to 100 °C). These conditions normally occur during oil and gas production, storage, and transportation in the pipelines.  
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1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of total vanadium and nickel in crude and residual oil in the concentration ranges shown in Table 1 using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry.  
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4.1 Theoretically, all of the sediment and water determination methods are valid for crude oils containing from 0 % to 100 % by volume sediment and water; the range of application is specified within the scope of each method. The round robins for all methods were conducted on relatively dry oil. All precision and bias statements included in the methods are based upon the round robin data. Analysis becomes more challenging with crude oils containing higher water contents due to the difficulty in obtaining a representative sample, and maintaining the sample quality until analysis begins.  
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1.1 This guide covers a summary of the water and sediment determination methods from the API MPMS Chapter 10 for crude oils. The purpose of this guide is to provide a quick reference to these methodologies such that the reader can make the appropriate decision regarding which method to use based on the associated benefits, uses, drawbacks and limitations.  
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Standard Test Method for Multielement Analysis of Crude Oils Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)

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5.1 Most often determined trace elements in crude oils are nickel and vanadium, which are usually the most abundant; however, as many as 45 elements in crude oils have been reported. Knowledge of trace elements in crude oil is important because they can have an adverse effect on petroleum refining and product quality. These effects can include catalyst poisoning in the refinery and excessive atmospheric emission in combustion of fuels. Trace element concentrations are also useful in correlating production from different wells and horizons in a field. Elements such as iron, arsenic, and lead are catalyst poisons. Vanadium compounds can cause refractory damage in furnaces, and sodium compounds have been found to cause superficial fusion on fire brick. Some organometallic compounds are volatile which can lead to the contamination of distillate fractions, and a reduction in their stability or malfunctions of equipment when they are combusted.  
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5.3 Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) is a widely used technique in the oil industry. Its advantages over traditional atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) include greater sensitivity, freedom from molecular interferences, wide dynamic range, and multi-element capability. See Practice D7260.
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5.2 This test method can be used by petroleum refiners to control and optimize the refinery processes and by blenders and marketers to assess the intrinsic stability of blended asphaltene-containing heavy fuel oils.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for quantifying the intrinsic stability of the asphaltenes in an oil by automatic instruments using optical detection.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to residual products from thermal and hydrocracking processes, to products typical of Specifications D396 Grades No. 5L, 5H, and 6, and D2880 Grades No. 3-GT and 4-GT, and to crude oils, providing these products contain 0.5 % by mass or greater concentration of asphaltenes (see Test Method D6560).  
1.3 This test method quantifies asphaltene stability in terms of state of peptization of the asphaltenes (S-value), intrinsic stability of the oily medium (So) and the solvency requirements of the peptized asphaltenes (Sa).  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
    13 pages
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ASTM
ASTM F3633-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Measuring the Adhesion of Crude Oils and Fuel Oils

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 A standard procedure is necessary to measure the adhesive properties of oil to enable comparison between oils.  
3.2 This procedure uses standardized equipment and test procedures.  
3.3 This procedure should be performed at the stages of weathering corresponding to the spill conditions of interest.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide summarizes a method to measure the adhesion to a stainless-steel needle as means to compare the relative adhesion of the target oil.  
1.2 This guide covers general procedures for measuring the adhesion of oils to stainless steel and does not cover all possible procedures that may be applicable to this topic.  
1.3 The accuracy of this guide depends very much on the representative nature of the oil sample used. Certain oils can have different properties depending on their chemical contents at the time a sample is taken.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8045-17(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Acid Number of Crude Oils and Petroleum Products by Catalytic Thermometric Titration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Crude oils and oil sands bitumen contain naturally occurring acidic species. Acidity of crude oil has been implicated in corrosion of distribution and process systems. The relative amount of these materials can be determined by titrating with bases. The acid number is a measure of this amount of acidic substance in the oil under the conditions of the test.  
5.2 Acid number of crude and distilled petroleum fractions has been measured by Test Method D664. Test Method D664 was developed for the analysis of lubricants and biodiesel. The titration solvent used in Test Method D664 does not properly address dissolving difficult samples such as crude oil, bitumen, and high wax samples addressed in this test method. Refer to Appendix X1.  
5.3 Test Method D974 is also not applicable to measuring acidity of crudes and highly colored samples because the indicator is not visible or it is difficult to discern a color change to detect the end point of the titration.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of acidic components in crude oil and petroleum products including waxes, bitumen, base stocks, and asphalts that are soluble in mixtures of xylenes and propan-2-ol. It is applicable for the determination of acids whose dissociation constants in water are larger than 10–9; extremely weak acids whose dissociation constants are smaller than 10–9 do not interfere. The values obtained by this test method may not be numerically equivalent to other acid value measurements. The range of KOH acid numbers included in the precision statement is 0.1 mg/g to 16 mg/g.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Some specific hazards statements are given in Section 7 on Safety Precautions.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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