ASTM E1962-19
(Practice)Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Surface Testing Using Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer (EMAT) Techniques
Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Surface Testing Using Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer (EMAT) Techniques
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 EMAT techniques show benefits and advantages over conventional piezoelectric ultrasonic techniques in special applications where flexibility in the type of wave mode generation and where no fluid coupling is desired. EMATs are highly efficient in the generation of surface waves.
5.2 Since EMATs are highly efficient in the generation of surface waves, and since acoustic techniques utilizing surface waves are proven effective for detecting surface and near-surface discontinuities, they should be considered for any applications where conventional penetrant testing and magnetic particle NDT techniques are effective but undesirable.
5.3 Since EMAT techniques are non-contacting, they should be considered for ultrasonic testing where applications involve automation, high-speed examinations, moving objects, applications in remote or hazardous locations, applications to objects at elevated temperatures, or objects with rough surfaces.
5.4 The purpose of this practice is to promote the EMAT technique of the ultrasonic method as a viable alternative to conventional PT and MPT methods for detecting the presence of surface and near-surface material discontinuities.
5.5 The use of EMATs and the selection of appropriate operating parameters presuppose a knowledge of the geometry of the component; the probable location, size, orientation, and reflectivity of the expected flaws; the allowable range of EMAT lift-off; and the laws of physics governing the propagation of ultrasonic waves. This procedure pertains to a specific EMAT surface inspection application.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers guidelines for utilizing EMAT techniques for detecting material discontinuities that are primarily open to the surface (for example, cracks, seams, laps, cold shuts, laminations, through leaks, lack of fusion). This technique can also be sensitive to flaws and discontinuities that are not surface-breaking, provided their proximity to the surface is less than or equal to the Rayleigh wave length.
1.2 This practice covers procedures for the non-contact coupling of surface waves into a material via electromagnetic fields.
1.3 The procedures of this practice are applicable to any material in which acoustic waves can be introduced electromagnetically. This includes any material that is either electrically conductive or ferromagnetic, or both.
1.4 This practice is intended to provide examination capabilities for in-process, final, and maintenance applications.
1.5 This practice does not provide standards for the evaluation of derived indications. Interpretation, classification, and ultimate evaluation of indications, albeit necessary, are beyond the scope of this practice. Separate specifications or agreement will be necessary to define the type, size, location, and direction of indications considered acceptable or non-acceptable.
1.6 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:E1962 −19
Standard Practice for
Ultrasonic Surface Testing Using Electromagnetic Acoustic
1
Transducer (EMAT) Techniques
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1962; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 This practice covers guidelines for utilizing EMAT
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
techniques for detecting material discontinuities that are pri-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
marily open to the surface (for example, cracks, seams, laps,
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
cold shuts, laminations, through leaks, lack of fusion). This
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
technique can also be sensitive to flaws and discontinuities that
are not surface-breaking, provided their proximity to the
2. Referenced Documents
surface is less than or equal to the Rayleigh wave length.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2 This practice covers procedures for the non-contact
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive
coupling of surface waves into a material via electromagnetic
Testing
fields.
E587 Practice for Ultrasonic Angle-Beam Contact Testing
1.3 The procedures of this practice are applicable to any E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
material in which acoustic waves can be introduced electro-
E1816 PracticeforMeasuringthicknessbyPulse-EchoElec-
magnetically. This includes any material that is either electri-
tromagnetic Acoustic Transducer (EMAT) Methods
3
cally conductive or ferromagnetic, or both.
2.2 ANSI/ASNT Standards:
Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A Personnel Qualifica-
1.4 This practice is intended to provide examination capa-
tion and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
bilities for in-process, final, and maintenance applications.
ANSI/ASNT CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certifi-
1.5 This practice does not provide standards for the evalu-
3
cation of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
ation of derived indications. Interpretation, classification, and
4
2.3 AIA Standard:
ultimate evaluation of indications, albeit necessary, are beyond
NAS-410 Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive
the scope of this practice. Separate specifications or agreement
Test Personnel
will be necessary to define the type, size, location, and
5
2.4 ISO Standard:
direction of indications considered acceptable or non-
ISO 9712 Qualification and Certification of NDT Personnel
acceptable.
1.6 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be
3. Terminology
regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
3.1 Definitions:
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for
3.1.1 Additional related terminology is defined inTerminol-
information only and are not considered standard.
ogy E1316.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde- 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
4
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.06 on Available from Aerospace Industries Association (AIA), 1000 Wilson Blvd.,
Ultrasonic Method. Suite 1700, Arlington, VA 22209, http://www.aia-aerospace.org.
5
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2019. Published December 2019. Originally Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as E1962 – 14. DOI: Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,
10.1520/E1962-19. Geneva, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1962 − 14 E1962 − 19
Standard Practice for
Ultrasonic Surface Testing Using Electromagnetic Acoustic
1
Transducer (EMAT) Techniques
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1962; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice covers guidelines for utilizing EMAT techniques for detecting material discontinuities that are primarily open
to the surface (for example, cracks, seams, laps, cold shuts, laminations, through leaks, lack of fusion). This technique can also
be sensitive to flaws and discontinuities that are not surface-breaking, provided their proximity to the surface is less than or equal
to the Rayleigh wave length.
1.2 This practice covers procedures for the non-contact coupling of surface waves into a material via electromagnetic fields.
1.3 The procedures of this practice are applicable to any material in which acoustic waves can be introduced electromagneti-
cally. This includes any material that is either electrically conductive or ferromagnetic, or both.
1.4 This practice is intended to provide examination capabilities for in-process, final, and maintenance applications.
1.5 This practice does not provide standards for the evaluation of derived indications. Interpretation, classification, and ultimate
evaluation of indications, albeit necessary, are beyond the scope of this practice. Separate specifications or agreement will be
necessary to define the type, size, location, and direction of indications considered acceptable or non-acceptable.
1.6 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standards. The SI units standard. The values given
in parentheses are for information only.mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not
considered standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
E587 Practice for Ultrasonic Angle-Beam Contact Testing
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
E1774 Guide for Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducers (EMATs)
E1816 Practice for Measuring thickness by Pulse-Echo Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer (EMAT) Methods
3
2.2 ANSI/ASNT Standards:
Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
3
ANSI/ASNT CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.06 on Ultrasonic Method.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014Dec. 1, 2019. Published October 2014December 2019. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 20092014
as E1962 - 09.E1962 – 14. DOI: 10.1520/E1962-14.10.1520/E1962-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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E1962 − 19
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2.3 MilitaryAIA Standard:
MIL-STD-410NAS-410 Nondestructive Testing Personnel Qualification and CertificationCertification and Qualification of
Nondestructive Test Personnel
5
2.4 ISO Standard:
ISO 9712 Qualification and Certification of N
...
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