ASTM D7098-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Lubricants by Thin-Film Oxygen Uptake (TFOUT) Catalyst B
Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Lubricants by Thin-Film Oxygen Uptake (TFOUT) Catalyst B
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method was originally developed to evaluate oxidation stability of lubricating base oils combined with additives chemistries similar to those found in gasoline engine oils and service.
This test method is useful for screening formulated oils before engine tests. Within similar additive chemistries and base oil types, the ranking of oils in this test appears to be predictive of ranking in certain engine tests. When oils having different additive chemistries or base oil type are compared, results may or may not reflect results in engine tests. Only gasoline engine oils were used in generating the precision statements in this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the oxidation stability of lubricants by thin-film oxygen uptake (TFOUT) Catalyst B. This test method evaluates the oxidation stability of petroleum products, and it was originally developed as a screening test to indicate whether a given re-refined base stock could be formulated for use as automotive engine oil (see Test Method D 4742). The test is run at 160°C in a pressure vessel under oxygen pressure, and the sample contains a metal catalyst package, a fuel catalyst, and water to partially simulate oil conditions in an operating engine. In addition, the test method has since been found broadly useful as an oxidation test of petroleum products.
1.2 The applicable range of the induction time is from a few minutes up to several hundred minutes or more. However, the range of induction times used for developing the precision statements in this test method was from 40 to 280 min.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D7098 – 08
Standard Test Method for
Oxidation Stability of Lubricants by Thin-Film Oxygen
,
1 2
Uptake (TFOUT) Catalyst B
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7098; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
5
1.1 This test method covers the oxidation stability of 2.1 ASTM Standards:
lubricants by thin-film oxygen uptake (TFOUT) Catalyst B. A314 Specification for Stainless Steel Billets and Bars for
This test method evaluates the oxidation stability of petroleum Forging
products, and it was originally developed as a screening test to B211 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy
indicate whether a given re-refined base stock could be Bar, Rod, and Wire
3
formulated for use as automotive engine oil (see Test Method D664 Test Method forAcid Number of Petroleum Products
D4742). The test is run at 160°C in a pressure vessel under by Potentiometric Titration
oxygen pressure, and the sample contains a metal catalyst D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
package, a fuel catalyst, and water to partially simulate oil D2272 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Steam Tur-
conditions in an operating engine. In addition, the test method bine Oils by Rotating Pressure Vessel
has since been found broadly useful as an oxidation test of D4742 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline
4
petroleum products. Automotive Engine Oils by Thin-Film Oxygen Uptake
1.2 The applicable range of the induction time is from a few (TFOUT)
minutes up to several hundred minutes or more. However, the E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
range of induction times used for developing the precision E144 Practice for Safe Use of Oxygen Combustion Bombs
statements in this test method was from 40 to 280 min.
3. Terminology
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3.1.1 break point—the precise point of time at which rapid
only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the oxidation of the oil begins.
3.1.2 oxidation induction time—the time until the oil begins
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- to oxidize at a relatively rapid rate as indicated by the decrease
of oxygen pressure.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 3.1.3 oxygen uptake—oxygen absorbed by oil as a result of
oil oxidation.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
4. Summary of Test Method
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
4.1 The test oil is mixed in a glass container with four other
D02.09.0G on Oxidation Testing of Engine Oils.
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2008. Published November 2008. Originally liquids used to simulate engine conditions: (1) an oxidized/
´1
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D7098–06 . DOI:
nitrated fuel component (Annex A3), (2) a mixture of soluble
10.1520/D7098-08.
metal naphthenates (lead, iron, manganese, and tin naphthen-
2
While Catalyst B can be used for testing oxidation stability of many lubricant
ates (AnnexA4), (3) a nitro-paraffinic compound, and (4)Type
types, the mixture of fuel, nitro-paraffin, and catalyst components used in this test
method simulates the Sequence IIIE Engine Test. Test results on several ASTM
I reagent water.
reference oils have been found to correlate with Sequence IIIE engine tests in hours
4.2 The glass container holding the oil mixture is placed in
for a 375 % viscosity increase. (See Ku, Chia-Soon, Pei, Patrick T., and Hsu,
apressurevesselequippedwithapressuresensor.Thepressure
Stephen M., “A Modified Thin-Film Oxygen Uptake Test (TFOUT) for the
vessel is sealed, charged with oxygen to a pressure of 620 kPa
Evaluation of Lubricant Stability in ASTM Sequence IIIE Test, SAE Technical
Paper Series 902121, Tulsa, OK, Oct. 22-25, 1990.)
3
Ku, C. S. and Hsu, S. M., “A Thin Film Uptake Test for the Evaluation of
5
Automotive Lubricants,” Lubrication Engineering, 40, 2, 1984, pp. 75–83. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4
Selby, Theodore W., “Oxidation Studies with a Modified Thin-Film Oxygen contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Uptake Test”, SAE Technical Paper Series 872127, Toronto, Ontario, Nov. 2-5, Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
´1
Designation:D7098–06 Designation: D 7098 – 08
Standard Test Method for
Oxidation Stability of Lubricants by Thin-Film Oxygen
,
1 2
Uptake (TFOUT) Catalyst B
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7098; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Adjusted footnote placement and added Summary of Changes editorially in April 2007.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the oxidation stability of lubricants by thin-film oxygen uptake (TFOUT) Catalyst B. This test
method evaluates the oxidation stability of petroleum products, and it was originally developed as a screening test to indicate
3
whether a given re-refined base stock could be formulated for use as automotive engine oil (see Test Method D 4742). The test
is run at 160°C in a pressure vessel under oxygen pressure, and the sample contains a metal catalyst package, a fuel catalyst, and
water to partially simulate oil conditions in an operating engine. In addition, the test method has since been found broadly useful
4
as an oxidation test of petroleum products.
1.2 Theapplicablerangeoftheinductiontimeisfromafewminutesuptoseveralhundredminutesormore.However,therange
of induction times used for developing the precision statements in this test method was from 40 to 280 min.
1.3
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
5
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A 314 Specification for Stainless Steel Billets and Bars for Forging
B 211 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Bar, Rod, and Wire
D 664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D 2272 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Steam Turbine Oils by Rotating Pressure Vessel
D 4742 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline Automotive Engine Oils by Thin-Film Oxygen Uptake (TFOUT)
E 1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E 144 Practice for Safe Use of Oxygen Combustion Bombs
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 break point—the precise point of time at which rapid oxidation of the oil begins.
3.1.2 oxidation induction time—the time until the oil begins to oxidize at a relatively rapid rate as indicated by the decrease of
oxygen pressure.
3.1.3 oxygen uptake—oxygen absorbed by oil as a result of oil oxidation.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.09.0G
on Oxidation Testing of Engine Oils.
Current edition approved . Published June 2006. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D7098–05.
´1
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2008. Published November 2008. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D 7098–06 .
2
While Catalyst B can be used for testing oxidation stability of many lubricant types, the mixture of fuel, nitro-paraffin, and catalyst components used in this test method
simulates the Sequence IIIE Engine Test. Test results on several ASTM reference oils have been found to correlate with Sequence IIIE engine tests in hours for a 375 %
viscosity increase. (See Ku, Chia-Soon, Pei, PatrickT., and Hsu, Stephen M., “AModifiedThin-Film Oxygen UptakeTest (TFOUT) for the Evaluation of Lubricant Stability
in ASTM Sequence IIIE Test, SAE Technical Paper Series 902121, Tulsa, OK, Oct. 22-25, 1990.)
3
Ku, C. S. and Hsu, S. M., “A Thin Film Uptake Test for the Evaluation of Automotive Lubricants,” Lubrication Engineering, 40, 2, 1984, pp. 75–83.
4
Selby, Theodore W., “Oxidation Studies with a Modified Thin-Film Oxygen Uptake Test”, SAE Technical Paper Series 872127, Toronto, Ontario, Nov. 2-5, 1987.
5
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document S
...
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