ASTM C456-18
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Hydration Resistance of Basic Bricks and Shapes
Standard Test Method for Hydration Resistance of Basic Bricks and Shapes
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 This test method compares relative resistance to hydration of basic refractory brick and shapes in laboratory tests.
2.2 This test method allows an estimate to be made of the relative potential for hydration.
2.3 The test method is used in industry and in some cases it is used for specification purposes.
2.4 The results must be carefully used as a means of predicting whether or not basic brick or shapes will hydrate under actual conditions of storage or service.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers measurement of the relative resistance of basic brick and shapes to hydration.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C456 − 18
Standard Test Method for
1
Hydration Resistance of Basic Bricks and Shapes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C456; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Test Specimens
1.1 This test method covers measurement of the relative
4.1 The test specimens shall be 1-in. (25-mm) cubes cut
resistance of basic brick and shapes to hydration.
from the interior of basic refractory brick or shapes so that no
original surfaces are present. Only one specimen shall be cut
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
from each of five bricks or shapes.
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
information only.
5. Procedure
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1 Dry the test specimens to constant weight at 220 to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
230 °F (105 to 110 °C) in a forced-air drier.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
5.2 Add sufficient water to the autoclave to maintain 80 psi
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
(552 kPa) at 324 °F (162 °C) for the duration of each 5-h test,
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
but not enough to permit contact with any of the specimens.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
5.3 Place each specimen in a lidless No. 2 porcelain
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
crucible, and place the crucible in the autoclave on a suitable
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
rack to protect the specimen from drip or condensate. Fig. 1 is
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
an example of a rack designed for cylindrical autoclave.
5.4 Heat the autoclave with the pressure release valve open.
2. Significance and Use
After a steady flow of steam is obtained through the valve,
2.1 This test method compares relative resistance to hydra-
continue to purge for 3 min to remove all air, close the valve,
tion of basic refractory brick and shapes in laboratory tests.
and bring the autoclave to 80 psi (552 kPa) and at 324 °F
2.2 This test method allows an estimate to be made of the (162 °C) in a total time of 1 h. Maintain the autoclave at 80 6
relative potential for hydration.
5 psi (552 6 50 kPa) at 324 6 4 °F (162 6 2 °C) for 5 h.
2.3 The test method is used in industry and in some cases it
5.5 Allow sufficient cooling to lower the autoclave to 20 to
is used for specification purposes.
30 psi (138 to 207 kPa) with the release valve closed, and then
carefully open the relief valve to reduce the autoclave to
2.4 The results must be carefully used as a means of
atmospheric pressure in a total time between 30 and 60 min.
predicting whether or not basic brick or shapes will hydrate
Remove the specimens and examine them.
under actual conditions of storage or service.
5.6 Rep
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C456 − 13 C456 − 18
Standard Test Method for
1
Hydration Resistance of Basic Bricks and Shapes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C456; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers measurement of the relative resistance of basic brick and shapes to hydration.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems,concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and
determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Significance and Use
2.1 This test method compares relative resistance to hydration of basic refractory brick and shapes in laboratory tests.
2.2 This test method allows an estimate to be made of the relative potential for hydration.
2.3 The test method is used in industry and in some cases it is used for specification purposes.
2.4 The results must be carefully used as a means of predicting whether or not basic brick or shapes will hydrate under actual
conditions of storage or service.
3. Apparatus
2
3.1 Autoclave, suitable for operation at 80 lb/in.80 psi (552 kPa) at 324°F (162°C),324 °F (162 °C), and equipped with
pressure-pressure and temperature-measuring temperature measuring devices, a vent cock, and safety equipment. Capacity shall
be sufficient to hothold up to 12twelve specimens, generally 2 gallons.gal.
4. Test Specimens
4.1 The test specimens shall be 1-in. (25-mm) cubes cut from the interior of basic refractory brick or shapes so that no original
surfaces are present. Only one specimen shall be cut from each of five bricks or shapes.
5. Procedure
5.1 Dry the test specimens to constant weight at 220 to 230°F230 °F (105 to 110°C)110 °C) in a forced-air drier.
5.2 Add sufficient water to the autoclave to maintain 80 psi (552 kPa) at 324°F (162°C)324 °F (162 °C) for the duration of each
5-h test, but not enough to permit contact with any of the specimens.
5.3 Place each specimen in a lidless No. 2 porcelain crucible, and place the crucible in the autoclave on a suitable rack to protect
the specimen from drip or condensate. Fig. 1 is an example of a rack designed for cylindrical autoclave.
5.4 Heat the autoclave with the pressure release valve open; afteropen. After a steady flow of steam is obtained through the
valve, continue to purge for 3 min to remove all air, close the valve, and bring the autoclave to 80 psi (552 kPa) and at 324°F
(162°C)324 °F (162 °C) in a total time of 1 h. Maintain the autoclave at 80 6 5 psi (552 6 50 kPa) at 324 6 4°F4 °F (162 6
2°C)2 °C) for 5 h.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.04 on Chemical Behaviors.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2013Feb. 1, 2018. Published September 2013February 2018. Originally approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 20082013
as C456 – 93 (2008).C456 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/C0456-13.10.1520/C0456-18.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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C456 − 18
FIG. 1 Suitable Rack for Protecting Specimens from Drip or Con-
densate
5.5 Allow sufficient cooling to lower the autoclave to 20 to 30 psi (138 to 207 kPa) with the release valve closed, and then
carefully open the relief valve to reduce the autoclave to atmospheric pressure in a total time between 30 and 60 min. Remove the
specimens and examine them.
5.6 Repeat the hydration procedure on the same five specimens for successive 5-h periods up to 30 h, or until the specimens
have a rating of 4 after a given period (6.1).
6. Report
6.1 Determine the deterioration of the specimen qualit
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C456 − 18
Standard Test Method for
1
Hydration Resistance of Basic Bricks and Shapes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C456; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Test Specimens
1.1 This test method covers measurement of the relative
4.1 The test specimens shall be 1-in. (25-mm) cubes cut
resistance of basic brick and shapes to hydration.
from the interior of basic refractory brick or shapes so that no
original surfaces are present. Only one specimen shall be cut
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
from each of five bricks or shapes.
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
information only.
5. Procedure
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1 Dry the test specimens to constant weight at 220 to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
230 °F (105 to 110 °C) in a forced-air drier.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
5.2 Add sufficient water to the autoclave to maintain 80 psi
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
(552 kPa) at 324 °F (162 °C) for the duration of each 5-h test,
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
but not enough to permit contact with any of the specimens.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
5.3 Place each specimen in a lidless No. 2 porcelain
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
crucible, and place the crucible in the autoclave on a suitable
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
rack to protect the specimen from drip or condensate. Fig. 1 is
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
an example of a rack designed for cylindrical autoclave.
5.4 Heat the autoclave with the pressure release valve open.
2. Significance and Use
After a steady flow of steam is obtained through the valve,
2.1 This test method compares relative resistance to hydra-
continue to purge for 3 min to remove all air, close the valve,
tion of basic refractory brick and shapes in laboratory tests.
and bring the autoclave to 80 psi (552 kPa) and at 324 °F
2.2 This test method allows an estimate to be made of the
(162 °C) in a total time of 1 h. Maintain the autoclave at 80 6
relative potential for hydration. 5 psi (552 6 50 kPa) at 324 6 4 °F (162 6 2 °C) for 5 h.
2.3 The test method is used in industry and in some cases it
5.5 Allow sufficient cooling to lower the autoclave to 20 to
is used for specification purposes.
30 psi (138 to 207 kPa) with the release valve closed, and then
carefully open the relief valve to reduce the autoclave to
2.4 The results must be carefully used as a means of
atmospheric pressure in a total time between 30 and 60 min.
predicting whether or not basic brick or shapes will hydrate
Remove the specimens and examine them.
under actual conditions of storage or service.
5.6 Repeat the hydration procedure on the same five speci-
3. Apparatus
mens for successive 5-h
...
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