ASTM C484-99(2014)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Thermal Shock Resistance of Glazed Ceramic Tile
Standard Test Method for Thermal Shock Resistance of Glazed Ceramic Tile
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for testing glazed ceramic tile that are to be used in areas in which they may be subjected to rapid or severe temperature changes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance to thermal shock of glazed ceramic tiles under normal conditions of use.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C484 − 99 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Test Method for
1
Thermal Shock Resistance of Glazed Ceramic Tile
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C484; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope greater than 10 %, respectively. After completing ten cycles,
the tiles are inspected for any damage as a result of the cycling.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resis-
tance to thermal shock of glazed ceramic tiles under normal
5. Significance and Use
conditions of use.
5.1 This test method is intended for testing glazed ceramic
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
tile that are to be used in areas in which they may be subjected
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
to rapid or severe temperature changes.
only.
6. Apparatus
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
6.1 Water Bath, for testing with immersion, through which
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
15 6 5°C (59 6 9°F) water flows at a rate of 1 gal/min. The
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bath shall hold at least 5 gal (19 L) of water and shall be of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
dimensions such that five whole tiles are immersed completely
when placed in the bath vertically.
2. Referenced Documents
6.2 Covered Water Bath, for testing without immersion,
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
consisting of the Water Bath in 6.1 covered with an aluminum
C242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related
sheet and layer of aluminum grains. The aluminum sheet shall
Products
be 5.18–mm (0.204–in.) thick—No. 4 B&S—gage and of
C373 Test Method for Water Absorption, Bulk Density,
dimensions such that five whole tiles can be placed glazed face
Apparent Porosity, andApparent Specific Gravity of Fired
down on it. The aluminum sheet shall cover the mouth of the
Whiteware Products, Ceramic Tiles, and Glass Tiles
bath with the flow of water directed such that it is in contact
with bottom surface of the aluminum sheet. The entire top
3. Terminology
surface of the aluminum sheet shall be covered with a 3–mm
(0.197–in.) thick layer of aluminum grains. The diameters of
3.1 Definitions—For the definitions of terms used on this
the aluminum grains shall be in the range of 0.3 mm (0.012 in.)
test method, refer to Terminology C242.
to 0.6 mm (0.024 in.).
4. Summary of Test Method
6.3 Oven, capable of maintaining a constant temperature of
145 6 5°C (293 6 9°F).
4.1 This test method consists of determining the thermal
shock resistance of ceramic tiles by cycling a sample ten times
7. Sampling
between the temperatures of 15 6 5°C (59 6 9°F) and 145 6
7.1 The test sample shall consist of five whole tiles or trim
5°C (293 6 9°F). This test method includes two procedures,
units, selected at random from the lot to be tested.
with and without immersion, for tiles with a water absorption
less than or equal to 10 % and tiles with a water absorption
8. Procedure
8.1 Before testing for resistance to thermal shock, inspect
the tiles for visible defects. To assist in detecting defects, a
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC21onCeramic
suitable stain, such as waterproof black India ink or a 1 %
Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C21.06 on Ceramic Tile.
aqueous solution of methylene blue, may be used. Apply the
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014. Published December 2014. Originally
ink or dye solution to the face of the tiles and wipe off with a
approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C484 – 99 (2009).
damp cloth after 1 min. All tiles should be free from defects
DOI: 10.1520/C0484-99R14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or before testing.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
8.2 Testing With Immersion—For tiles with a water absorp-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. tion less than or equal to 10 %, the low temperature condition
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C484 − 99 (2014)
shall consist of immersing the tiles vertically in the water bath, 9. Report
such that they are not in contact with each other, for 5 min.
9.1 The test report shall include the following information:
8.3 Testing Without Immersio
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C484 − 99 (Reapproved 2009) C484 − 99 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Test Method for
1
Thermal Shock Resistance of Glazed Ceramic Tile
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C484; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance to thermal shock of glazed ceramic tiles under normal conditions
of use.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products
C373 Test Method for Water Absorption, Bulk Density, Apparent Porosity, and Apparent Specific Gravity of Fired Whiteware
Products, Ceramic Tiles, and Glass Tiles
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For the definitions of terms used on this test method, refer to Terminology C242.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method consists of determining the thermal shock resistance of ceramic tiles by cycling a sample ten times between
the temperatures of 15 6 5°C (59 6 9°F) and 145 6 5°C (293 6 9°F). This test method includes two procedures, with and without
immersion, for tiles with a water absorption less than or equal to 10 % and tiles with a water absorption greater than 10 %,
respectively. After completing ten cycles, the tiles are inspected for any damage as a result of the cycling.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is intended for testing glazed ceramic tile that are to be used in areas in which they may be subjected to
rapid or severe temperature changes.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Water Bath, for testing with immersion, through which 15 6 5°C (59 6 9°F) water flows at a rate of 1 gal/min. The bath
shall hold at least 5 gal (19 L) of water and shall be of dimensions such that five whole tiles are immersed completely when placed
in the bath vertically.
6.2 Covered Water Bath, for testing without immersion, consisting of the Water Bath in 6.1 covered with an aluminum sheet
and layer of aluminum grains. The aluminum sheet shall be 5.18–mm (0.204–in.) thick—No. 4 B&S—gage and of dimensions
such that five whole tiles can be placed glazed face down on it. The aluminum sheet shall cover the mouth of the bath with the
flow of water directed such that it is in contact with bottom surface of the aluminum sheet. The entire top surface of the aluminum
sheet shall be covered with a 3–mm (0.197–in.) thick layer of aluminum grains. The diameters of the aluminum grains shall be
in the range of 0.3 mm (0.012 in.) to 0.6 mm (0.024 in.).
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C21 on Ceramic Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C21.06
on Ceramic Tile.
Current edition approved May 1, 2009Dec. 1, 2014. Published September 2009December 2014. Originally approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 20032009
as C484 – 99 (2009). (2003). DOI: 10.1520/C0484-99R09.10.1520/C0484-99R14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C484 − 99 (2014)
6.3 Oven, capable of maintaining a constant temperature of 145 6 5°C (293 6 9°F).
7. Sampling
7.1 The test sample shall consist of five whole tiles or trim units, selected at random from the lot to be tested.
8. Procedure
8.1 Before testing for resistance to thermal shock, inspect the tiles for visible defects. To assist in detecting defects, a suitable
stain, such as waterproof black India ink or a 1 % aqueous solution of methylene blue, may be used. Apply the ink or dye solution
to the face of the tiles and wipe off with a damp cloth after 1 min. All tiles should be free from de
...
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