ASTM C895-87(2019)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Lead and Cadmium Extracted from Glazed Ceramic Tile
Standard Test Method for Lead and Cadmium Extracted from Glazed Ceramic Tile
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 There are several test methods available to measure the lead and cadmium release from dinnerware and cookware (see Test Methods C738 and C1034 and Specification C1035). These standards are used as a control to ensure the protection of the population against a possible health hazard.4 This potential hazard arises with improperly formulated, applied, fired glazes and decorations. This test method deals specifically with ceramic tile that are intended to come in contact with food during its preparation (for example, counter top tile).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the precise determination of lead and cadmium extracted by acetic acid from glazed ceramic tile that are intended for use in areas of food preparation. The procedure of extraction may be expected to accelerate the release of lead from the glaze and to serve, therefore, as a severe test that is unlikely to be matched under the actual conditions of usage of such ceramic tile. This test method is specific for lead and cadmium.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C895 − 87 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Test Method for
Lead and Cadmium Extracted from Glazed Ceramic Tile
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C895; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C1035 Specification for Lead and Cadmium Extracted from
Glazed Ceramic Cookware (Withdrawn 2001)
1.1 This test method covers the precise determination of
leadandcadmiumextractedbyaceticacidfromglazedceramic
3. Summary of Test Method
tile that are intended for use in areas of food preparation. The
3.1 The lead and cadmium extracted from the article under
procedure of extraction may be expected to accelerate the
test, by acetic acid at 20 to 24 °C (68 to 75 °F) after 24 h of
release of lead from the glaze and to serve, therefore, as a
leaching, are measured by atomic absorption spectrophotom-
severe test that is unlikely to be matched under the actual
etry using specific hollow-cathode lamps for lead and
conditions of usage of such ceramic tile. This test method is
cadmium, respectively.
specific for lead and cadmium.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
4. Significance and Use
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
4.1 There are several test methods available to measure the
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
lead and cadmium release from dinnerware and cookware (see
and are not considered standard.
Test Methods C738 and C1034 and Specification C1035).
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
These standards are used as a control to ensure the protection
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of the population against a possible health hazard. This
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
potential hazard arises with improperly formulated, applied,
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
firedglazesanddecorations.Thistestmethoddealsspecifically
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
withceramictilethatareintendedtocomeincontactwithfood
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
during its preparation (for example, counter top tile).
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
5. Interferences
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
5.1 Since specific hollow-cathode lamps for lead and cad-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
mium are used, there are no interferences.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
6. Apparatus
2. Referenced Documents
6.1 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, equipped with a
4-in. (102-mm) single slot or Boling burner head and digital
2.1 ASTM Standards:
concentration readout attachment (DCR) if available. This
C738 Test Method for Lead and Cadmium Extracted from
instrument should have a sensitivity of about 0.5 ppm of lead
Glazed Ceramic Surfaces
for 1 % absorption and a sensitivity of about 0.25 ppm of
C1034 Test Method for Lead and Cadmium Extracted From
cadmium for 1 % absorption. Use the operating conditions as
Glazed Ceramic Cookware (Withdrawn 2001)
specified in the instrument manufacturer’s analytical methods
manual.
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC21onCeramic NOTE 1—1 ppm = 1 mg/L or one part per million is one milligram per
Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee litre.
C21.06 on Ceramic Tile.
6.2 Hollow-Cathode Lead Lamp, with wavelength set at
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2019. Published August 2019. Originally
283.3 or 217.0 nm.
approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as C895 – 87 (2014).
DOI: 10.1520/C0895-87R19.
6.3 Hollow-Cathode Cadmium Lamp, with wavelength set
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
at 228.8 nm.
contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
theASTM website.
3 4
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on “Lead Industries, Inc.,” Proceedings, International Conference on Ceramic
www.astm.org. Foodware Safety, 1975, pp. 8–17.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C895 − 87 (2019)
6.4 Glassware of chemically resistant borosilicate glass to detergent rinse. Each mounted set constitutes one test sample.
make reagents and solutions. Cover each test with a glass plate to prevent evaporation of
solution, avoiding contact between cover and surface of
6.5 Test Cell—Chemically resistant borosilicate glass cylin-
leaching solution. The extraction shall be run in total darkness,
der to contain the leaching solution. An open-ended cell
and the test array must be covered with an opaque cloth or foil
approximately80mminlengthand60mmininternaldiameter
to prevent exposure to light. Let stand for 24 h at 20 to 24 °C
has proven suitable.
(68 to 74 °F).
7. Reagents
8.2 Preparation of Standards:
8.2.1 Lead Standards—Dilute lead nitrate solution (see 7.5)
7.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
with acetic acid (see 7.3) to obtain working standards having
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
final concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 ppm of Pb.
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
8.2.2 Cadmium Standards—Dilute cadmium stock solution
tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society
(see 7.7) with acetic acid (see 7.3) to obtain working standards
where such specifications are available. Other grades may be
having final concentrations of 0.0, 0.3, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2.0 ppm
used provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
of Cd.
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lesseni
...
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