ASTM B189-05(2021)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Lead-Coated and Lead-Alloy-Coated Soft Copper Wire for Electrical Purposes
Standard Specification for Lead-Coated and Lead-Alloy-Coated Soft Copper Wire for Electrical Purposes
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard general requirements for lead-coated and lead-alloy-coated, round, soft or annealed copper wire for electrical purposes. The base metal shall be made of copper while the coating material shall be a commercially pure lead or a lead alloy which consists of lead, tin, and antimony elements. Ammonium persulfate test or sodium polysulfide-hydrochloric acid test shall be employed to determine the continuity of the coatings. The wire shall undergo dimensional measurements using a micrometer caliper with a vernier, as well as tension and resistivity tests. The specimen shall conform to the required tensile strength, elongation, and electrical resistivity specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers lead-coated and lead-alloy-coated, round, soft or annealed copper wire for electrical purposes.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. The SI values for density and resistivity are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. The hazard statement applies only to Section 6 of this specification.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:B189 −05 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Specification for
Lead-Coated and Lead-Alloy-Coated Soft Copper Wire for
Electrical Purposes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B189; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope B258 Specification for Standard Nominal Diameters and
Cross-Sectional Areas of AWG Sizes of Solid Round
1.1 This specification covers lead-coated and lead-alloy-
Wires Used as Electrical Conductors
coated, round, soft or annealed copper wire for electrical
purposes. 2.3 NIST Standard:
NBS Handbook 100 Copper Wire Tables
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
3. Ordering Information
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard. The SI values for density and
3.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include
resistivity are to be regarded as the standard.
the following information:
3.1.1 Quantity of each size and type of coating;
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.2 Wire size: diameter in inches (see 5.3 and Table 1);
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3.1.3 Type of coating (see Section 1);
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1.4 Type of copper, if special (see 4.2);
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.5 Package size (see 8.1);
The hazard statement applies only to Section 6 of this
3.1.6 Special package marking, if required; and
specification.
3.1.7 Place of inspection (see 6.1).
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4. Material
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4.1 Coating Material—The coating material shall be com-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mercially pure lead or a lead alloy. The lead alloy shall
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
conform to the following requirements as to chemical compo-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
sition as determined by analysis of samples from the coating
bath:
2. Referenced Documents
Lead, min, % 25
2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect at the
A
Tin, max, % 75
time of reference form a part of these methods to the extent Antimony, max, % 6
referenced herein:
A
It is permissible to use alloying constituents other than those specified above to
2.2 ASTM Standards:
replace a portion of the tin.
B49 Specification for Copper Rod for Electrical Purposes
4.2 Copper-Base Metal—The base metal shall be copper of
B193 Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical Conductor
such quality and purity that the finished product shall have
Materials
properties and characteristics prescribed in this specification.
4.2.1 Copper of special qualities, forms, or types, as may be
agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser, and
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B01 on
which will conform to the requirements prescribed in this
Electrical Conductors and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B01.04 on
specification may also be used.
Conductors of Copper and Copper Alloys.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2021. Published October 2021. Originally
NOTE 1—Specification B49 defines copper suitable for use.
approved in 1944. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as B189 – 05 (2015).
DOI: 10.1520/B0189-05R21.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100
the ASTM website. Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http://www.nist.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
B189−05 (2021)
TABLE 1 Tensile Requirements TABLE 2 Electrical Resistivity Requirements
Area at 20 °C Resistivity at
Elongation in 10
Diameter, in.
Nominal Diameter, in. 20 °C,
in., min, %
cmils in.
Ω·lb/mile
0.4600 211 600 0.1662 30
0.460 to 0.290, incl 896.15
0.4096 167 800 0.1318 30
Under 0.290 to 0.103, incl 900.77
0.3648 133 100 0.1045 30
Under 0.103 to 0.0201, incl 910.15
0.3249 105 600 0.08291 30
Under 0.0201 to 0.0111, incl 929.52
Under 0.0111 to 0.0030, incl 939.51
0.2893 83 690 0.06573 25
0.2576 66 360 0.05212 25
0.2294 52 620 0.04133 25
0.2043 41 740 0.03278 25
5.3 Dimensions and Permissible Variations (Explanatory
0.1819 33 090 0.02599 25
Note 1)—The wire sizes shall be expressed as the diameter of
0.1620 26 240 0.02061 25
thewireindecimalfractionsofaninchtothenearest0.0001in.
0.1443 20 820 0.01635 25
0.1285 16 510 0.01297 25
(0.1 mil). The coated wire shall not vary from the specified
diameter by more than the amounts prescribed in Table 3.
0.1144 13 090 0.01028 25
0.1019 10 380 0.008155 20
5.4 Continuity of Coating—The lead or lead-alloy coating
0.0907 8 230 0.00646 20
shall be continuous.The continuity of coating on the wire shall
0.0808 6 530 0.00513 20
be determined on representative samples taken before strand-
0.0720 5 180 0.00407 20
ing or insulating.The continuity of coating shall be determined
0.0641 4 110 0.00323 20
by the ammonium persulfate test in accordance with 6.4 or by
0.0571 3 260 0.00256 20
0.0508 2 580 0.00203 20
the sodium polysulfide-hydrochloric acid test in accordance
with 6.5. In case the results obtained in the sodium polysulfide-
0.0453 2 050 0.00161 20
hydrochloric acid test are not conclusive, the ammonium
0.0403 1 620 0.00128 20
0.0359 1 290 0.00101 20
persulfate test shall be employed and the results obtained by
0.0320 1 020 0.000804 20
this latter test shall be final.
0.0285 812 0.000638 20
5.5 Joints—Necessary joints in the completed wire and in
0.0253 640 0.000503 20
the wire and rods prior to final drawing shall be made in
0.0226 511 0.000401 20
0.0201 404 0.000317 15 accordance with the best commercial practice.
5.6 Finish—The coating shall consist of a smooth continu-
0.0179 320 0.000252 15
0.0159 253 0.000199 15
ouslayer,firmlyadherenttothesurfaceofthecopper.Thewire
0.0142 202 0.000158 15
shall be free of all imperfections not consistent with the best
0.0126 159 0.000125 15
commercial practice.
0.0113 128 0.000100 15
0.0100 100 0.0000785 10
6. Test Methods
0.0089 79.2 0.0000622 10
0.0080 64.0 0.0000503 10 6.1 Tensile Strength and Elongation (Explanatory Note
3)—No test for tensile strength shall be required.
0.0071 50.4 0.0000396 10
6.1.1 The elongation of wire whose nominal diameter is
0.0063 39.7 0.0000312 10
0.0056 31.4 0.0000246 10 larger than 0.0808 in. (2.052 mm) in diameter shall be
0.0050 25.0 0.0000196 10
determined as the permanent increase in length, expressed in
percent of the original length, due to the breaking of the wire
0.0045 20.2 0.0000159 10
0.0040 16.0 0.0000126 10 in tension, measured between gage marks placed originally
0.0035 12.2 0.00000962 10
10 in. (254 mm) apart upon the test specimen. The elongation
0.0031 9.61 0.00000755 10
of the wire whose nominal diameter is 0.0808 in. (2.052 mm)
and under may be determined as just described or by measure-
mentsmadebetweenthejawsofthetestingmachine.Whenthe
latter method is used, the zero length shall be the distance
5. General Requirements (See Section 9) between the jaws at the start of the tension test and be as near
10 in. (254 mm) as practical, and the final length shall be the
5.1 Tensile Strength and Elongation (Explanatory Note
distance between the jaws at the time of rupture. The fracture
1)—The coated wire shall conform to the requirements for
shall be between gage marks in the case of specimens so
elongation prescribed in Table 1. No requirements for tensile
strength are specified. For wire whose nominal diameter is
more than 0.001 in. (1 mil) greater than a size listed in Table 1,
TABLE 3 Permissible Variations in Diameter
butlessthanthatofthenextlargersize,therequirementsofthe
Nominal Diameter of Permissible Variations in Diameter
next larger size shall apply. Wire, in. plus minus
Under 0.0100 0.0003 in. (0.3 mil) 0.0001 in. (0.1 mil)
A A
5.2 Resistivity (Explanatory Note 2)—The electrical resis-
0.0100 and over 3 % 1%
tivity of the coated wire at a temperature of 20 °C shall not A
Expressed to the nearest 0.0001 in. (0.1 mil).
exceed the values prescribed in Table 2.
B189−05 (2021)
marked or between the jaws of the testing machine and not per sulfate in distilled water, add 75 mL of cp NH OH (sp gr
closer than 1 in. (25.4 mm) to either gage mark or either jaw. 0.90), and dilute to 1 L.
6.4.3 Procedure—Immerse a specimen of the required
6.2 Resistivity (Explanatory Note 2)—The electrical resis-
length(see6.4.1.1)inthequantityoftestsolutionprescribedin
tivity of the material shall be determined in accordance with
Table 4, using as the container a test tube of appropriate
Test Method B193. The purchaser may accept certification that
dimensions. Immerse the specimen in the test solution at a
the wire was drawn from rod stock meeting the international
temperature between 83 and 87 °F (28 and 31 °C) for a period
standard for annealed copper in lieu of resistivity tests on the
of 15 min. Then remove the specimen and compare the test
finished wire.
solution with an equal depth of the reference color standard
6.3 Dimensional Measurements—Dimensional measure-
contained in a similar test tube. Make the color comparison by
ments shall be made with a micrometer caliper equipped with
viewing the solutions lengthwise of the test tubes. The color of
a vernier graduated in 0.0001 in. (0.1 mil). Measurements shall
the test solution after immersion of the test specimen shall not
be made on at least three places on each unit selected for this
be darker than that of the reference color-standard solution.
test. If accessible, one measurement shall be taken on each end
6.5 Continuity of Coating (Sodium Polysulfide-
and one near the middle. The average of the three measure-
Hydrochloric Acid Test):
ments shall determine compliance with the requirements.
6.5.1 Specimens:
6.4 Continuity of Coating (Ammonium Persulfate Test):
6.5.1.1 Length of Specimens—The test specimens shall each
6.4.1 Specimens:
have a length of about 6 in. (152 mm). They shall be tagged or
6.4.1.1 Length of Specimens—The length of test specimens
marked to correspond with the coil, spool, or reel from which
shall be determined by substituting the appropriate value of K,
they were cut.
as given in Table 4, in the following equation:
6.5.1.2 Treatment of Specimens—The test specimens shall
L 5 K/D
be thoroughly cleaned by immersion in a suitable organic
solvent, such as benzene, ether, or trichloroethylene for at least
where:
3 min, then removed and wiped dry with a clean, soft cloth.
L = length of test specimen, in. (or mm), and
(Warning—Explanatory Note 4.) The specimens thus cleaned
D = diameter of the coated wire, in. (or mm).
shall be kept wrapped in a clean, dry cloth until tested.
In cases where the length of a specimen, determined by the
(Warning—That part of the specimen to be immersed in the
above equation, is such that it cannot be immersed as a single
test solution shall not be handled. Care shall be taken to avoid
length in the specified manner, it may be divided into shorter
abrasion by the cut ends.)
sections which will permit complete immersion.
6.5.2 Special Solutions (Explanatory Note 5):
6.4.1.2 Treatment of Specimens—The specimens shall be
6.5.2.1 Sodium Polysulfide Solution (sp gr 1.142)—A con-
thoroughly cleaned by immersion in a suitable organic solvent
centrated solution shall be made by dissolving sodium sulfide
such as benzene, ether, or trichloroethylene for at least 3 min,
cp crystals in distilled water until the solution is saturated at
then removed and wiped dry with a clean soft cloth.
about 21 °C and adding sufficient flowers of sulfur (in excess
(Warning—Explanatory Note 4. ) The ends of each specimen
of 250 g/L of solution) to provide complete saturation, as
shall be completely coated with wax to protect the exposed
shown by the presence in the solution of an excess of sulfur
copper. The wax-coated length shall not be included in
after the solution has been allowed to stand for at least 24 h.
determining the length of the specimen.
The test solution shall be made by diluting a portion of the
6.4.2 Special Solutions:
concentrated solution with distilled water to a specific gravity
6.4.2.1 Test Solution (Ammonium Persulfate)—Dissolve
of 1.142 at 16 °C. The sodium polysulfide test solution should
10 g of ammonium persulfate (cp crystals containing not less
have sufficient strength to blacken thoroughly a piece of clean,
than 95 % of ammonium persulfate) in 500 mL of distilled
untinned copper wire in 5 s.Aportion of the test solution used
water.Add 75 mL of cp NH OH (sp gr 0.90) and dilute to 1 L
for testing specimens shall not be considered to be exhausted
with distilled water. The ammonium persulfate solution shall
until it fails to blacken a piece of clean copper as described
be freshly prepared each day. Tests are to be conducted and
above.
shall not be subjected to temperatures above 100 °F (38 °C).
6.5.2.2 Hydrochloric Acid Solution (sp gr 1.088)—
6.4.2.2 Reference Color Standard (Copper Sulfate-
Commercial HCl (sp gr 1.12) shall be diluted with distilled
Ammonium Hydroxide)—Dissolve 0.100 g of anhydrous cop-
water to a specific gravity of 1.088 measured at 16 °C. A
portion of HCl solution having a volume of 180 mL shall be
considered to be exhausted when the number of test specimens
prescribed in Table 5 have been immersed in it for two cycles.
TABLE 4 Data for Ammonium Persulfate Test
6.5.3 Procedure—Immerse a length of at least 4.5 in.
Quantity of Test
Wire Diameter, in. K
(114 mm) from each of the cleaned specimens in accordance
Solutions, mL
with the following cycles, in test solutions maintained at a
0.460 to 0.321, incl 1.2 150
temperature between 16 and 21 °C:
Under 0.321 to 0.161, incl 0.8 100
Under 0.161 to 0.0810, incl 0.4 50
6.5.3.1 Immerse the specimen for 30 s in the sodium
Under 0.0810 to 0.0400, incl 0.2 25
polysulfide solution, wash, and then sha
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