ASTM B49-98(2004)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Copper Rod Drawing Stock for Electrical Purposes
Standard Specification for Copper Rod Drawing Stock for Electrical Purposes
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for rod drawing stock in diameters from 1/4 to 13/8 in. (6.4 to 35 mm) produced from electrolytic tough-pitch or oxygen-free coppers and are suitable for further fabrication into electrical conductors.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to Section 13. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: B 49 – 98 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Specification for
Copper Rod Drawing Stock for Electrical Purposes
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationB49;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell
Superficial Hardness of Metallic Materials
1.1 Thisspecificationcoverstherequirementsforroddraw-
1 3 E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
ing stock in diameters from ⁄4 to 1 ⁄8 in. (6.4 to 35 mm)
Determine Conformance with Specifications
produced from electrolytic tough-pitch or oxygen-free coppers
E53 Test Methods for Determination of Copper in Unal-
and are suitable for further fabrication into electrical conduc-
loyed Copper by Gravimetry
tors.
E478 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are the standard.
Alloys
The values given in parentheses are for information only.
2.3 Other Document:
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to
NBS Handbook 100 Copper Wire Tables
Section13.Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthe
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3. Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1 For definitions of general terms relating to copper and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
copper alloys refer to Terminology B846.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Ordering Information
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 Orders for rod under this specification shall include the
2.1 The following documents in the current issue of the
following information:
BookofStandardsformapartofthisspecificationtotheextent
4.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue,
referenced herein and define materials suitable for use in rod
4.1.2 Quantity of each size,
manufacture:
2 4.1.3 Type and requirements of copper (Sections 5-10),
2.2 ASTM Standards:
4.1.4 Finish (Sections 9 and 10),
B5 Specification for High Conductivity Tough-Pitch Cop-
4.1.5 Package with or without joints (see 5.3),
per Refinery Shapes
4.1.6 Rod diameter (see 9.2),
B115 Specification for Electrolytic Copper Cathode
4.1.7 Inspection (Section 15),
B170 SpecificationforOxygen-FreeElectrolyticCopper—
4.1.8 Package size (see 19.1), and
Refinery Shapes
4.1.9 Special package marking as agreed upon between the
B193 Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical Conductor
manufacturer and the purchaser (Section 19).
Materials
4.2 The following requirements are optional and should be
B224 Classification of Coppers
specified in the contract or purchase order when required.
B577 Test Methods for Detection of Cuprous Oxide (Hy-
4.2.1 Certification (Section 17) and
drogen Embrittlement Susceptibility) in Copper
4.2.2 Test Report (Section 18).
B846 Terminology for Copper and Copper Alloys
E8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
5. Material and Manufacture
5.1 The rod shall be fabricated from copper of such quality
and purity that the finished product shall have the properties
ThisspecificationisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeB05onCopper
and Copper Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B05.07 on
and characteristics prescribed in this specification.
Refined Copper.
Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published May 2004. Originally NOTE 1—Thefollowingspecificationsdefinematerialssuitableforuse:
e2
approved in 1923. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as B49–98 .
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal
the ASTM website. Rd., Springfield, VA 22161.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
B 49 – 98 (2004)
Specification B5, or Specification B115, or Specification B170.
7. Physical Property Requirements
5.2 Copper of special qualities, forms, or types, as agreed
7.1 Electrical Resistivity—Resistivity of the copper in the
uponbetweenthemanufacturerandthepurchaserandthatwill
annealed condition (See Note X1.1) shall not exceed the
conform to the requirements prescribed in this specification
following values at 20°C:
may also be used.
Type of Copper Resistivity, max, at 20°C
5.3 The rod coils shall be furnished in continuous lengths Annealed, V ·g/m
with or without joints, as ordered.
UNS C10100 only 0.15176 (101.00 % IACS min)
All others 0.15328 (100.00 % IACS min)
A
TABLE 1 Chemical Composition
UNS Number C11040 C10100 C10200 C11000
B C D
Copper Type ETP OFE OF ETP
8. Mechanical Property Requirements
E E F F
Copper, min 99.90 % 99.99 % 99.95 % 99.90 %
8.1 TensileTests—Rodfinishedbyhotworkingorannealing
incl silver incl silver
ppm ppm ppm ppm shall have a minimum elongation of 30% in 10 in. (250 mm).
Tellurium, max 2 2 . . . . . .
(Note X1.2 and Test Methods E8.)
Selenium, max 2 3 . . . . . .
8.2 Torsion Tests—If torsion tests are requested, refer to
Bismuth, max 1.0 1.0 . . . . . .
Group total, max 3 . . .
Note X1.3.
Antimony, max 4 4 . . . . . .
8.3 Embrittlement (Bend) Test:
Arsenic, max 5 5 . . . . . .
Tin, max 5 2 . .
8.3.1 A test to reflect propensity towards hydrogen em-
Lead, max 5 5 . . . . . .
brittlement shall be performed only on oxygen-free copper.
Iron, max 10 10 . . . . . .
Nickel, max 10 10 . . . . . .
8.3.2 The specimen shall be tested in accordance with 13.6
Sulfur, max 15 15 . . . . . .
and Specification B170.
Silver, max 25 25 . . . . . .
8.3.3 The specimen, prepared and tested from the OFE
Oxygen 100–650 5 max 10 max . . .
G
Maximum allowable 65 . . .
(oxygen-free electronic) copper (UNS C10100) listed in Table
total
1,shallwithstandwithoutbreakingintotwopieces,aminimum
Cadmium, max . . . 1 . . . . . .
of ten (10) reverse bends.
Phosphorus, max . . . 3 . . . . . .
Zinc, max . 1 . .
8.3.4 The specimen, prepared and tested from the OF
Manganese, max . . . 0.5 . . . . . .
(oxygen-free) copper (UNS C10200) listed in Table 1, shall
withstand, without breaking into two pieces, a minimum of
A
See 13.1.2.
B
From B 115 Grade 1 copper or equivalent. eight (8) reverse bends.
C
From B 170 Grade 1 copper or equivalent.
8.4 Annealability—Annealability is not a requirement of
D
From B 170 Grade 2 copper or equivalent.
E
thisspecification.However,adiscussionwillbefoundinNotes
By difference. See 13.1.2 and 13.1.3.
F
See 13.1.1.
X1.4-X1.6.
G
Not including oxygen.
9. Other Requirements
6. Chemical Composition 9.1 Surface Oxide—The surface oxide film thickness shall
be determined in accordance with 13.5.
6.1 Each rod type shall conform to the chemical composi-
9.1.1 Total thickness of the copper oxide film on cleaned
tion requirements prescribed in Table 1 for the type of copper
copper rod or annealed shaved rod or cold-finished rod shall
ordered (Section 4).
−7
not exceed 1000 Å (10 m).
6.2 By agreement between the manufacturer and the pur-
chaser,theadditionof silver up to an average of 30 troyozper 9.1.2 The residual oxide film thickness on as-shaved rod
does not need to be specified.
short ton of copper (0.10%) will be considered within the
specification, copper including silver in the chemical analysis,
9.1.3 A surface oxide requirement is not necessary for rod
withnoindividualsilveranalysistoexceed35troyozpershort
ordered uncleaned.
ton(0.12%).Inthecaseofoxygen-freesilver-bearingcoppers,
9.2 Diameter—The diameter of the rod at any point shall
the designation OFS (oxygen-free, silver-bearing) will be used
not vary from that specified by more than the amounts
as shown in Classification B224 and will include the UNS
prescribed in Table 2.
Nos. C10400, C10500, and C10700 as defined by the agreed
silver content.
6.3 Silver-bearing tough-pitch copper corresponds to the
TABLE 2 Permissible Variations in Diameter
designation STP (silver-bearing tough-pitch) as shown in
Permissible Variation, in.
Nominal Diameter, in. (mm)
ClassificationB224andtocoppershavingUNSNos.C11300,
(mm)
C11400, C11500, and C11600.
⁄4 (6.4) +0.020 (+0.51)
6.4 Oxygen Content—Oxygen-free copper as described −0.010 (−0.25)
1 3
Over ⁄4 (6.4) to ⁄4 in. (19 mm) incl. 60.015 (60.38)
herein is defined as a copper containing not in excess of
Over ⁄4 (19) to 1.0 in. (25 mm) incl. 60.020 (60.51)
0.0010% (10 ppm) oxygen and produced without the use of
Over 1.0 (25) to 1 ⁄8 in. (35 mm) incl. 60.030 (60.76)
metallic or other deoxidizers.
B 49 – 98 (2004)
A
TABLE 3 Equivalent Resistivity Values
13.1.3 Calculate copper content of UNS C10100 and UNS
Conductivity at 68°F (20°C), % IACS 100.00 101.00 C11040 types by subtracting from 100% the total impurity
V · lb/mile 875.20 866.53
concentration determined.The impurity total for UNS C10100
V ·g/m 0.153 28 0.151 76
is defined as the sum of sulfur, silver, lead, tin, bismuth,
V · c mil/ft 10.371 10.268
V ·mm /m 0.017 241 0 0.017 070 arsenic, antimony, iron, nickel, zinc, phosphorus, selenium,
µV · in. 0.678 79 0.672 07
tellurium, manganese, cadmium, and oxygen present in the
µV · cm 1.7241 1.7070
sample. The impurity total for UNS C11040 is defined as the
A
The equivalent resistivity values for 100 % IACS (soft copper) were each
sumofsulfur,silver,lead,tin,bismuth,arsenic,antimony,iron,
computed from the fundamental IEC value (1/58 V ·mm /m) using conversion
nickel, selenium, tellurium, and oxygen present in the sample.
factors each accurate to at least seven significant figures.
13.1.4 The test methods annex of Specification B170
shouldbereferencedfortheoxygen-freecoppers.TestMethod
10. Workmanship, Finish and Appearance
E478 should be referenced for the determination of silver-
10.1 The rod shall be free of defects, but blemishes of a
bearing alloys permitted under this specification.
nature that do not interfere with the intended application are
13.1.5 Oxygen content is determined on cleaned copper
acceptable.
samples using a suitable laboratory apparatus or a commercial
instrument designed specifically for this purpose. An ASTM
11. Sampling
method has not been developed.
11.1 Thisprocedureshallbeusedincaseofdisputebetween
13.2 Elongation—Determine the elongation as the perma-
the manufacturer and the purchaser.
nent increase in length, caused by breaking of the rod in
11.2 One sample shall be taken from each 200000-lb
tension,measuredbetweengagemarksplacedoriginally10in.
(90000-kg) lot for resistivity, elongation, surface oxide, em-
(250 mm) apart upon the test specimen (Note X1.2). The
brittlement (bend) test, and chemical analysis.
fracture shall be between gage marks and not closer than 1 in.
11.3 When a cast refinery shape has been chemically
(25 mm) to either gage mark.
analyzed and converted into rod without remelting, further
13.3 Electrical Resistivity:
chemical analysis shall not be required.
13.3.1 At the option of the manufacturer, electrical resistiv-
ity may be determined in accordance with 13.3.2 or 13.3.3.
12. Number of Tests and Retests
However, in case of dispute, 13.3.2 shall apply.
12.1 Tests:
13.3.2 Makeresistancemeasurements(NoteX1.3)onspeci-
12.1.1 Chemical Analysis—Chemical composition shall be
mens of the rod after cleaning and processing down to a
determined as per the element mean of the results from at least
diameterofapproximately0.080in.(2.0mm)andannealingat
two replicate analyses of the sample(s).
approximately 932°F (500°C) for 30 min. Other equivalent
12.1.2 Other Tests:
annealing methods may be used. Test specimens processed to
12.1.2.1 Electrical Resistivity, Elongation, and Surface
a diameter other than 0.080 in. may be used if agreed upon
Oxide—Results shall be reported as the average obtained from
between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
at least two test specimens, each taken from a separate test
13.3.3 Resistance measurements may be determined on
piece where possible.
specimens of the rod after cleaning, but without further
12.1.2.2 Hydrogen Embrittlement Test and Microscopical
processingandannealing.However,intheeventoffailureofa
Examination—All specimens tested must meet the require-
rod specimen to conform to the criteria of 7.1, a retest is
ments of the specification.
permitted using the procedure of 13.3.2.
12.2 Retests:
13.3.4 Determine the electrical resistivity in accordance
12.2.1 When requested by the manufacturer or supplier, a
with Test Method B193 except that when the option of 13.3.3
retest shall be permitted when results of tests obtained by the
is elected, the plus and minus tolerance for the cross-sectional
purchaser fail to conform to the requirements of the product
area as specified in Test Method B193 shall not apply.
specification.
12.2.2 The retest shall be as directed in the product speci-
fication for the initial test except the number of test specimens
shall be twice that normally required for the specified test.
12.2.3 All test specimens shall conform to the product
specification requirement(s) in retest. Failure to conform shall
be cause for rejection.
13. Test Methods
13.1 Chemical Analysis:
13.1.1 In case of dispute, determine copper content of the
coppers other than UNS C10100 and UNS C11040 in Table 1
in accordance with Test Method E53.
13.1.2 Analyticalmethodfordeterminingimpuritylevelsof
coppers listed in Table 1 shall be in accordance with Specifi-
FIG. 1 Schematic Illustration Showing Electrolytic Reduction Test
cation B115. Method
B 49 – 98 (2004)
13.5.3 Atypicalcurveofvoltageversustimeispresentedin
Fig.2.Cuprousoxideisreducedinitially.Whenthisreactionis
complete, reduction of the cupric oxide occurs at a higher
voltage.
13.5.4 Calculate thickness of each oxide present as follows:
ItM
T 5 (1)
Sd Fn
where:
T = oxide thickness, cm;
I = current, A;
t = time of reaction, s;
M = molecular weight of the oxide, g;
S = surface area of immersed sample, cm ;
3 3
d = oxide density (6.0 g/cm for Cu O and 6.4 g/cm for
CuO);
F = Faraday constant, 96500 C; and
n = hydrogen equivalent (2).
13.6 Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility:
13.6.1 Draw the specimen of oxygen-free copper rod into
0.080-in. (2.03-mm) diameter wire. Then anneal it in an
atmosphere containing not less than 10% of hydrogen for 30
min at 1560 645°F (850 625°C) and cool quickly in the
same atmosphere, or without undue exposure to air, quench
int
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