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ASTM D6389-99(2012)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resistance of Geotextiles to Liquids

Standard Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resistance of Geotextiles to Liquids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice provides a test procedure for determining the resistance of a geotextile with a liquid waste, leachate, or chemical. This practice should be used in the absence of other specifications required for the particular situation being addressed.  
5.2 The specification of test procedures in this practice is intended to serve as a guide for those wishing to compare or investigate the chemical resistance of a geotextile to a potentially harsh chemical environment.  
5.3 This practice is for the chemical resistance assessment of geotextiles and is written in parallel to similar standard practices for geomembranes, geogrids, geonets, and geopipes. Each standard is to be considered individually for the geosynthetic under investigation and collectively for all geosynthetics exposed to the potentially harsh chemical environment under consideration.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the procedures used for testing geotextiles for chemical resistance to liquids.  
1.2 This practice describes test methods for measuring changes in planar dimensions, tensile properties, and other optional physical, mechanical, and hydraulic properties caused by immersion in test liquids which may be representative of anticipated end-use conditions. This practice may be used to assess the extent to which a product's as-manufactured properties are affected by such immersion.  
1.3 This practice is intended to be used in conjunction with either Practices D5322 or D5496. The scope of this practice is limited to testing and reporting procedures for unexposed and exposed geotextile samples.  
1.4 Evaluation or interpretation of test data is beyond the scope of this practice.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  For specific warning statements, see Section 7.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2012
ICS
59.080.70 - Geotextiles
Technical Committee
D35 - Geosynthetics
Drafting Committee
D35.02 - Endurance Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6389-99(2005) - Standard Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resistance of Geotextiles to Liquids
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Replaced By
ASTM D6389-99(2016) - Standard Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resistance of Geotextiles to Liquids
Effective Date
01-Jun-2016
Referred By
ASTM D7931/D7931M-21a - Standard Guide for Specifying Drainage Geocomposites
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Referred By
ASTM D4884/D4884M-22 - Standard Test Method for Strength of Sewn or Bonded Seams of Geotextiles
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Referred By
ASTM D6917-16(2022) - Standard Guide for Selection of Test Methods for Prefabricated Vertical Drains (PVD)
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012

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ASTM D6389-99(2012) - Standard Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resistance of Geotextiles to LiquidsASTM D6389-99(2012) - Standard Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resistance of Geotextiles to Liquids
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ASTM D6389-99(2012) - Standard Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resistance of Geotextiles to Liquids
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6389 − 99(Reapproved 2012)
Standard Practice for
Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resistance of Geotextiles to
Liquids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6389; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D4491Test Methods for Water Permeability of Geotextiles
by Permittivity
1.1 This practice describes the procedures used for testing
D4533Test Method for Trapezoid Tearing Strength of Geo-
geotextiles for chemical resistance to liquids.
textiles
1.2 This practice describes test methods for measuring
D4595Test Method for Tensile Properties of Geotextiles by
changes in planar dimensions, tensile properties, and other
the Wide-Width Strip Method
optional physical, mechanical, and hydraulic properties caused
D4603Test Method for Determining Inherent Viscosity of
by immersion in test liquids which may be representative of
Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) (PET) by Glass Capillary
anticipated end-use conditions. This practice may be used to
Viscometer
assess the extent to which a product’s as-manufactured prop-
D4632TestMethodforGrabBreakingLoadandElongation
erties are affected by such immersion.
of Geotextiles
D4716Test Method for Determining the (In-plane) Flow
1.3 This practice is intended to be used in conjunction with
either Practices D5322 or D5496. The scope of this practice is Rate per Unit Width and Hydraulic Transmissivity of a
Geosynthetic Using a Constant Head
limited to testing and reporting procedures for unexposed and
exposed geotextile samples. D4751TestMethodforDeterminingApparentOpeningSize
of a Geotextile
1.4 Evaluation or interpretation of test data is beyond the
D4833 Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance of
scope of this practice.
Geomembranes and Related Products
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D5199Test Method for Measuring the Nominal Thickness
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of Geosynthetics
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D5261Test Method for Measuring Mass per Unit Area of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Geotextiles
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
D5322Practice for Laboratory Immersion Procedures for
warning statements, see Section 7.
Evaluating the Chemical Resistance of Geosynthetics to
Liquids
2. Referenced Documents
D5496Practice for In Field Immersion Testing of Geosyn-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
thetics
D123Terminology Relating to Textiles
D5747Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resis-
D1238Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplastics
tance of Geomembranes to Liquids
by Extrusion Plastometer
D5885Test Method for Oxidative Induction Time of Poly-
D3895Test Method for Oxidative-Induction Time of Poly-
olefin Geosynthetics by High-Pressure Differential Scan-
olefins by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
ning Calorimetry
D4439Terminology for Geosynthetics
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosyn-
3.1.1 chemical resistance, n—for geosynthetics, the extent
thetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.02 on Endurance
Properties.
to which a material or product retains its as-manufactured
Current edition approved July 1, 2012. Published July 2012. Orginally approved
physical and chemical characteristics when subjected to im-
in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D6389–99(2005). DOI:
mersion or contact with a foreign substance (see Practice
10.1520/D6389-99R12.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or D5747).
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3.1.2 geosynthetic, n—a planar product manufactured from
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. polymeric material used with foundation soil, rock, earth, or
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6389 − 99 (2012)
any other geotechnical engineering related material as an sion liquids, and any contaminated geotextile materials should
integral part of a manmade project, structure, or system (see be identified and implemented to provide full protection to all
Terminology D4439). personnel and to comply with applicable disposal regulations.
3.1.3 geotextile, n—any permeable textile used with
8. Sampling
foundation,soil,rock,earth,oranyothergeotechnicalmaterial
8.1 Determine the number of the test specimens according
as an integral part of manmade product, structure, or system
to the requirements of the property monitoring test and the
(see Terminology D4439).
number of test intervals.
3.1.4 For definitions of other terms used in this practice,
8.2 Cutindividualtestspecimensrandomlyintherollandin
refer to Terminologies D123 and D4439.
the cross directions along the length of the roll of geotextile,
4. Summary of Practice
staying at least 150 mm away from the selvage.
4.1 This practice defines test methods and procedures for
8.3 Mix or shuffle specimens in a random fashion, keeping
evaluating the resistance of geotextiles to liquid exposure by
the roll and cross roll specimens separate. From the shuffled
monitoring physical and chemical properties of geotextiles
specimens, select specimens for assignment to unexposed
specimens immersed in a test liquid.The physical condition of
(baseline) testing and for immersion in the test liquid for
the geotextile is monitored as a function of cumulative expo-
testing after exposure.
suretimebymeansofdimensionalmeasurementsandphysical
property tests. 9. Conditioning
9.1 Conditioning—Samples must be conditioned at a tem-
5. Significance and Use
peratureof2162°C(7064°F)andarelativehumiditybetween
5.1 This practice provides a test procedure for determining
50 and 70% for a period not less than 40 h prior to weighing
the resistance of a geotextile with a liquid waste, leachate, or
or baseline testing and immersion, or a combination thereof.
chemical. This practice should be used in the absence of other
9.2 Conditionthetestliquid,thatis,immersionliquid,inthe
specifications required for the particular situation being ad-
exposure tank, with stirring, as recommended in Practices
dressed.
D5322 or D5496, or both.
5.2 The specification of test procedures in this practice is
intended to serve as a guide for those wishing to compare or
10. Procedure
investigate the chemical resistance of a geotextile to a poten-
10.1 Immerse the samples in the liquid according to either
tially harsh chemical environment.
Practices D5322 or D5496.
5.3 This practice is for the chemical resistance assessment
10.2 Testing for Baseline Values—The unexposed speci-
of geotextiles and is written in parallel to similar standard
mens (not exposed to the test liquid) shall be moist when
practices for geomembranes, geogrids, geonets, and geopipes.
tested.Eachspecimenshallbeimmersedinwaterfor24hprior
Each standard is to be considered individually for the geosyn-
to testing. Excess water to drain from each of the specimens
thetic under investigation and collectively for all geosynthetics
prior to testing. Conduct testing prior to commencement of the
exposed to the potentially harsh chemical environment under
immersions.
consideration.
10.3 Exposed Sample Testing—Test the exposed specimens
6. Apparatus
moist.Allow excess liquid to drain from the specimens. Store
6.1 Analytical Balance, capable of weighing accurately to the exposed s
...

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1.3 This test method requires a large-diameter pressure vessel (610 mm). Information obtained from this test method may be more appropriate for design purposes than many small-scale index tests.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7747/D7747M-11(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Integrity of Seams Produced Using Thermo-Fusion Methods for Reinforced Geomembranes by the Strip Tensile Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The use of reinforced geomembranes as barrier materials has created a need for a standard test method to evaluate the quality of seams produced by thermo-fusion methods. This test method is used for quality control purposes and is intended to provide quality control and quality assurance personnel with data to evaluate seam quality.  
4.2 This standard arose from the need for a destructive test method for evaluating seams of reinforced geomembranes. Standards written for destructive testing of nonreinforced geomembranes do not include all break codes (Fig. 1) applicable to reinforced geomembranes.
FIG. 1 Break Codes for Dual Hot Wedge and Hot Air Seams of Reinforced Geomembranes Tested for Seam Strength in Shear and Peel Modes  
4.3 When reinforcement occurs in directions other than machine and cross-machine, scrim are cut at specimen edges, generally lowering results. To partially compensate for this, testing can be performed according to Test Method D7749 or the 2 in. wide strip specimen specified in this method can be utilized. Testing of 1 in. and 2 in. specimens is Method A and Method B, respectively.  
4.4 The shear test outlined in this method correlates to strength of parent material measured according to Test Method D7003/D7003M only if reinforcement is parallel to TD. For other materials, seam strength and parent material strength can be compared through Test Methods D7749 and D7004/D7004M. Values obtained with the strip methods shall not be compared to values obtained with grab methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes destructive quality control tests used to determine the integrity of thermo-fusion seams made with reinforced geomembranes. Test procedures are described for seam tests for peel and shear properties using strip specimens.  
1.2 The types of thermal field and factory seaming techniques used to construct geomembrane seams include the following:  
1.2.1 Hot Air—This technique introduces high-temperature air between two geomembrane surfaces to facilitate melting. Pressure is applied to the top or bottom geomembrane, forcing together the two surfaces to form a continuous bond.  
1.2.2 Hot Wedge—This technique melts the two geomembrane surfaces to be seamed by running a hot metal wedge between them. Pressure is applied to the top and bottom geomembrane to form a continuous bond. Some seams of this kind are made with dual tracks separated by a non-bonded gap. These seams are sometimes referred to as dual hot wedge seams or double-track seams.  
1.2.3 Extrusion—This technique encompasses extruding molten resin between two geomembranes or at the edge of two overlapped geomembranes to effect a continuous bond.  
1.2.4 Radio Frequency (RF) or Dielectric—High-frequency dielectric equipment is used to generate heat and pressure to form an overlap seam in factory fabrication.  
1.2.5 Impulse—Clamping bars heated by wires or a ribbon melt the sheets clamped between them. A cooling period while still clamped allows the polymer to solidify before being released.  
1.3 The types of materials covered by this test method include, but are not limited to, reinforced geomembranes made from the following polymers:  
1.3.1 Very low-density polyethylene (VLDPE).  
1.3.2 Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE).  
1.3.3 Flexible polypropylene (fPP).  
1.3.4 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC).  
1.3.5 Chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE).  
1.3.6 Ethylene interpolymer alloy (EIA).  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish ap...

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ASTM
ASTM D5101-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Filtration Compatibility of Soil-Geotextile Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is recommended for the evaluation of the performance of water-saturated soil-geotextile systems under unidirectional flow conditions. The results obtained may be used as an indication of the compatibility of the soil-geotextile system with respect to both particle retention and flow capacity.  
5.2 This test method is intended to evaluate the performance of specific on-site soils and geotextiles at the design stage of a project, or to provide qualitative data that may help identify causes of failure (for example, clogging, particle loss). It is not appropriate for acceptance testing of geotextiles. It is also improper to utilize the results from this test for job specifications or manufacturers' certifications.  
5.3 This test method is intended for site-specific investigation therefore is not an index property of the geotextile, and thus is not intended to be requested of the manufacturer or supplier of the geotextile.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers performance tests applicable for determining the compatibility of geotextiles with various types of water-saturated soils under unidirectional flow conditions.  
1.2 Two evaluation methods may be used to investigate soil-geotextile filtration behavior, depending on the soil type:  
1.2.1 For soils with a plasticity index lower than 5, the systems compatibility shall be evaluated per this standard.  
1.2.2 For soils with a plasticity index of 5 or more, it is recommended to use Test Method D5567 (‘HCR,’ Hydraulic Conductivity Ratio) instead of this test method.  
1.2.3 If the plasticity index of the soil is close to 5, the involved parties shall agree on the selection of the appropriate method prior to conducting the test. This task may require comparison of the permeability of the soil-geotextile system to the detection limits of the HCR and Gradient Ratio Test (GRT) test apparatus being used.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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