ASTM D4884/D4884M-22

Standard Test Method for Strength of Sewn or Bonded Seams of Geotextiles

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 As explained in Test Method D4595, narrow geotextile specimens demonstrate the tendency to contract (neck down) in the gauge area when under stress. The wider width specimen will minimize this phenomenon in seams during strength testing. The results achieved in this test method can more accurately correlate to the seam strength values anticipated in the field.  
5.2 This test method can be used to measure the seam strength of geotextiles from the factory or field, and may also be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of geotextiles.  
5.3 This test method can be used to help determine seam design engineering for the geotextiles being evaluated, as well as comparing wet-conditioned specimens with dry specimen results.  
5.4 This test method is not intended to address long-term performance of a seam, nor any of its components such as the thread or the adhesive. However, it can be used as an index value to monitor the behavior of a seam exposed to any particular exposure, in example as part of an effort to assess its long-term performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the factory and field seam strength of geotextiles, using a wide specimen and wet and dry specimens.  
1.2 The long-term performance of a seaming technique is not addressed by this test method. This test method will provide data to indicate the short-term seam strength that can be achieved for each particular geotextile and seam assembly construction. To assess the long-term performance of a seaming technique, it is possible to use Practice D6389, using this test method to determine the anticipated strength reduction in the initial, short-term wide-width tensile strength (Test Method D4595) results.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2022
• ICS: 59.080.70 - Geotextiles
• Technical Committee: D35 - Geosynthetics
• Drafting Committee: D35.01 - Mechanical Properties

Relations

• Refers: ASTM D1776/D1776M-20 - Standard Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2020

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4884/D4884M − 22
Standard Test Method for
1
Strength of Sewn or Bonded Seams of Geotextiles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4884/D4884M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D76/D76M Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for
Textiles
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the factory
D1776/D1776M Practice for Conditioning and Testing Tex-
and field seam strength of geotextiles, using a wide specimen
tiles
and wet and dry specimens.
D1777 Test Method for Thickness of Textile Materials
1.2 The long-term performance of a seaming technique is
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
not addressed by this test method. This test method will
D4595 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Geotextiles by
provide data to indicate the short-term seam strength that can
the Wide-Width Strip Method
be achieved for each particular geotextile and seam assembly
D6389 Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resis-
construction. To assess the long-term performance of a seam-
tance of Geotextiles to Liquids
ing technique, it is possible to use Practice D6389, using this
E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
test method to determine the anticipated strength reduction in
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
the initial, short-term wide-width tensile strength (Test Method
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
D4595) results.
3
2.2 Federal Standard:
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
Fed. Std. No. 751a Stitches, Seams, and Stitchings
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to
3. Terminology
ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
3.1 For definitions of terms relating to geotextiles, refer to
used independently of the other, and values from the two
Terminology D4439.
systems shall not be combined.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.1 adhered seam, n—in geotextiles, a seam made by the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
application of an adhesive.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- 3.2.2 seam weld, n—the process by which a seam is formed
through the thermal bonding of separate layers of geotextile.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2.3 selvage, n—the woven edge portion of a geotextile
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
parallel to the machine direction.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.2.4 sewing thread, n—a flexible, small diameter yarn or
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
strand, usually treated with a surface coating, or lubricant, or
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
both, intended to be used to stitch one or more pieces of
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
material or an object to a material.
3.2.5 stitch, n—the repeated unit formed by the sewing
2. Referenced Documents
threadintheproductionofseamsinasewngeotextile(seeFed.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Std. No. 751a).
4. Summary of Test Method
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.01 on Mechani-
4.1 Material is divided into lots and a lot sample taken as
cal Properties.
described in an applicable material specification, or as agreed
Current edition approved July 1, 2022. Published August 2022. Originally
upon between the purchaser and the supplier.
approvedin1989.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2014asD4884/D4884M – 14a.
DOI: 10.1520/D4884_D4884M-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave.,
the ASTM website. Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, http://quicksearch.dla.mil.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D4884/D4884M − 22
4.2 Specimens with s
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4884/D4884M − 14a D4884/D4884M − 22
Standard Test Method for
1
Strength of Sewn or Bonded Seams of Geotextiles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4884/D4884M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the factory and field seam strength of geotextiles, using a wide specimen.speci-
men and wet and dry specimens.
1.2 The long term long-term performance of a seaming technique is not addressed by this test method. This test method will
provide data to indicate the short term short-term seam strength that can be achieved for each particular geotextile and seam
assembly construction. To assess the long term long-term performance of a seaming technique, it is possible to use Practice D6389,
using this test method to determine the anticipated strength reduction in the initial, short term short-term wide-width tensile
strength (Test Method D4595) results.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used
independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D76/D76M Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
D1776D1776/D1776M Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D1777 Test Method for Thickness of Textile Materials
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
D4595 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Geotextiles by the Wide-Width Strip Method
D6389 Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resistance of Geotextiles to Liquids
E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.01 on Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved May 1, 2014July 1, 2022. Published June 2014August 2022. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as
D4884/D4884M – 14.D4884/D4884M – 14a. DOI: 10.1520/D4884_D4884M-14A.10.1520/D4884_D4884M-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4884/D4884M − 22
3
2.2 Federal Standard:
Fed. Std. No. 751a Stitches, Seams, and Stitchings
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms relating to geotextiles, refer to Terminology D4439.
3.2 Definitions:Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 adhered seam, n—in geotextiles, a seam made by the application of an adhesive.
3.1.2 cross-machine direction—the direction in the plane of the geotextile perpendicular to the direction of manufacture.
3.1.3 geotextile, n—a permeable geosynthetic comprised solely of textiles.
3.1.4 linear density, n—mass per unit length; the quotient obtained by dividing the mass of a fiber or yarn by its length.
3.1.5 machine direction—the direction in the plane of the geotextile parallel to the direction of manufacture.
3.1.6 seam allowance, n—the width of geotextile used in making a seam assembly, for sewn seams bounded by the edge of the
geotextile and the furthest stitch line, and for thermally bonded
...