ASTM F659-98
(Specification)Standard Specification for Skier Goggles and Faceshields
Standard Specification for Skier Goggles and Faceshields
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the minimal requirements for alpine skier goggles and faceshields, to provide a reasonable degree of protection against foreign objects striking or lodging in the eye or surrounding soft tissue causing eye irritation or damage; and to minimize fogging and vision restrictions that distract or handicap the skier and thereby may cause accidents.
1.2 The scope of this specification shall include requirements for materials, lens size, optical properties, lens strength, field of vision, labeling, identification, and testing procedures for goggles and faceshields for alpine skiers.
1.2.1 Contact lenses, sunglasses, and corrective dress eye wear are not included within the scope of this specification.
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portions, Sections 7 and 8 and Annex A1 of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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e1
Designation: F 659 – 98
Standard Specification for
Skier Goggles and Faceshields
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 659; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Criterion No. 1 in A1.5 was corrected editorially in September 2001.
1. Scope Resolving Power of Photographic Lenses (1973)
1.1 This specification covers the minimal requirements for
3. Terminology
alpine skier goggles and faceshields, to provide a reasonable
3.1 Definitions:
degree of protection against foreign objects striking or lodging
3.1.1 central viewing zone—that part of a lens which has its
in the eye or surrounding soft tissue causing eye irritation or
center in line with the wearer’s line of sight when looking
damage; and to minimize fogging and vision restrictions that
straight ahead. The zone is circular in shape. For the purpose of
distract or handicap the skier and thereby may cause accidents.
this specification, it shall be considered to be 38 mm in
1.2 The scope of this specification shall include require-
diameter. The center of the central viewing zone shall be the
ments for materials, lens size, optical properties, lens strength,
point of intersection of the line of sight with the lens as
field of vision, labeling, identification, and testing procedures
mounted on the Alderson headform.
for goggles and faceshields for alpine skiers.
3.1.2 diopter—a unit of measure of the refractive power of
1.2.1 Contact lenses, sunglasses, and corrective dress eye
a lens with a focal distance of 1 m.
wear are not included within the scope of this specification.
3.1.3 eye glasses—spectacles, sunglasses, or goggles hav-
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
ing two separately mounted lenses, but excluding contact
test method portions, Sections 7 and 8 and Annex A1 of this
lenses.
specification: This standard does not purport to address all of
3.1.4 face shield—an eye protective device attached to a
the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
helmet or headband(s) and which covers the wearer’s eyes and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
face at least to a point located approximately at the tip of the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
nose and whose predominant function is protection of the eye.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.5 frame—those parts of eye glasses or goggles contain-
2. Referenced Documents ing the lens housings. The frame may be associated with
padding.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.6 goggles—an optical device worn before the eyes, the
E 275 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance
predominant function of which is to protect the eyes from the
of Ultraviolet, Visible, and Near Infrared Spectrophotom-
2 elements without obstructing peripheral vision. They provide
eters
protection from the front and sides, and may or may not form
2.2 American National Standards:
a complete seal with the face.
ANSI Z80.1 Requirements for First-Quality Prescription
3.1.7 headband—that part of the device consisting of a
Ophthalmic Lenses
supporting band or other structure that either encircles the head
ANSI Z80.3 Requirements for Nonprescription Sunglasses
or protective helmet, or can be attached thereto.
and Fashion Eyewear
3.1.8 headform optical parameters—key dimensions for the
2.3 Federal Standard:
headforms as provided in Fig. 1.
National Institute of Standards and Technology Special
3.1.9 mid-saggital plane—the anteroposterior plane through
Technical Publication 374 Method for Determining the
the longitudinal axis of the body.
3.1.10 spherical power—the average of the maximum me-
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F27 on Snow
ridional astigmatic power and the minimum meridional astig-
Skiing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.57 on Ancillary
matic power of a lens.
Equipment.
Current edition approved April 10, 1998. Published August 1998. Originally
4. Materials and Design
published as F 659 – 80. Last previous edition F 659 – 92.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.06.
4.1 All parts of a goggle or faceshield shall be free of sharp
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
edges or projections that could cause harm or discomfort to the
Floor, New York, NY 10036.
wearer.
Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Depart-
ment of Commerce, Washington, DC 20234.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F 659
A = 66.0 6 1.3 mm (2.60 6 0.05 in.)
B=C= 31.8 6 0.8 mm (1.256 0.03 in.)
D=E= 109.2 6 2.5 mm (4.30 6 0.10 in.)
F=G= 102.96 2.5 mm (4.056 0.10 in.)
H = I = 78.7 6 2.5 mm (3.106 0.10 in.)
J = 82.6 6 1.3 mm (3.256 0.05 in.)
NOTE 1—If headform is found to be symmetrical or is to be made symmetrical then B = C, D = E, F = G, and H = I.
NOTE 2—A = Interpupillary distance.
B = Distance of right eye pupil from sagittal plane.
C = Distance of left eye pupil from sagittal plane.
D = Distance of right eye pupil from top of headform.
E = Distance of left eye pupil from top of headform.
F = Distance of top of right ear/headform junction from top of headform.
G = Distance of top of left ear/headform junction from top of headform.
H = Distance from right side of headform to sagittal plane.
I = Distance from left side of headform to sagittal plane.
FIG. 1 50th Percentile
4.1.1 Exposed lens edges shall have a minimum radius in applied to the skin or hair).
the cross-sectional plane at the entire circumference to limit 4.4 Material(s) commonly known to cause skin irritation or
skin-penetrating ability. disease shall not be used for those parts of the device which
4.1.2 Lens retention shall be sufficient to adequately retain come into contact with the skin.
the lens in position, and the frame shall be composed of 4.5 Because of environmental climatic changes and per-
material that in itself is not hazardous with regard to skin sonal changes it is considered impossible to control “lens
penetration. fogging,” but any effort to minimize this condition is urged.
4.1.3 Facial contact surfaces shall be of sufficient softness
5. Optical Properties of Skier Goggles and Faceshields
(suggested width 10 mm) and flexibility to minimize body
5.1 Optical Requirements:
surface injury in case of hard impacts.
4.2 A headband shall be capable of holding the goggle or
NOTE 1—5.1.2-5.1.6 apply to plano lensed goggles. Prescription lenses
faceshield securely under normal operating conditions. It shall must comply with requirements of ANSI Z80.1. Goggles for prescription
lenses are to be supplied to the test laboratory with nominal 3-mm thick
be capable of easy adjustment and replacement. The “goggle-
plano lenses.
to-head” holding device shall not contain sharp edges.
4.3 Material(s) utilized in any portion of a goggle or 5.1.1 Field of View—When tested in accordance with 8.1,
faceshield shall be of durable quality, that is, material charac- goggles or faceshields shall have fields of view equal to or
teristics shall not undergo appreciable alterations under the exceeding the following:
influence of aging or of the circumstances of use to which the 5.1.1.1 Temporal field—50°,
device is normally subjected (exposure to sun, rain, cold, dust, 5.1.1.2 Nasal field—45°,
vibrations, contact of the skin, effects of sweat, or of products 5.1.1.3 Superior field—45°, and
F 659
5.1.1.4 Inferior field—60°. experienced in snow skiing.
5.1.2 Refractive Tolerances—When tested in accordance
7.1.2 Apparatus—An Alderson 50th percentile male head-
with 8.7, the spherical power (as defined in 3.1.10) shall not be
form (see Fig. 1) shall be used to hold the goggle or faceshield.
less than −0.37 diopters and shall not exceed +0.06 diopters.
It shall be rigidly mounted in the horizontal position, face up,
5.1.3 Astigmatism—When tested in accordance with 8.7,
on a base that has a mass of 30 kg (66 lb) or greater. The static
the astigmatism shall not exceed 0.18 diopters.
stiffness of the headform shall be such that, when a vertically
5.1.4 Power Imbalance—When tested in accordance with
downward force of 20 kg (44 lb) is applied to the forehead of
8.7, the maximum meridional power imbalance between the
the headform, the back of the headform shall not deflect more
two eyes for straight ahead seeing shall not exceed 0.18
than 2 mm (0.08 in.). The missile for impacting the goggle or
diopters.
faceshield shall be a polished steel ball, 22 mm ( ⁄8 in.) nominal
5.1.5 Prism—For the primary viewing position of either eye
diameter, and shall have a mass not less than 43 g (1.52 oz). A
of a shield or pair of lenses shall not exceed 0.65 prism diopters
loose-fitting guide tube shall be provided for the missile.
when tested in accordance with 8.6.
7.1.3 Procedure—Place the goggle or faceshield on the
5.1.6 Prism Imbalance—When tested in accordance with
headform as it would be worn by the user. Drop the ball in free
8.6, the prism imbalance shall meet the following criteria:
fall from a height (measured from the bottom of the ball) of
5.1.6.1 Vertical Imbalance—Shall not exceed +0.25 prism
1.30 m (51 in.) above the exterior surface of the goggle or
diopters.
faceshield. Impact the goggle or faceshield three times: once
5.1.6.2 Horizontal Imbalances—Negative values (base in)
above the center of each eye of the headform and once above
shall not be less than −0.25 prism diopters, and positive values
the bridge of the nose of the headform. Test four representative
(base out) shall not be more than +1.00 prism diopters.
samples of the type of goggle or faceshield.
5.1.7 Optical Defects—Within the central viewing zone,
7.1.4 Analysis of Results—The lens shall be retained in its
striae, warpage, surface ripples, or other defects that are
frame, and it shall not fracture into two or more pieces. If all
apparent under the optical inspection test conditions of 8.3
four samples pass the test, then the goggle or faceshield passes,
shall be considered a failure; except that small specks or
but if any fail, then the goggle or faceshield fails.
inclusions that are not seen when the lens is held close to the
7.1.5 Report—Fully identify the goggle or faceshield and
eye in the as worn position shall not be a cause of rejection.
record whether it passed or failed the basic impact test with
5.1.8 Physical Lens Defects—Within the central viewing
spherical projectile. This report is for internal use by the
zone, pits, scratches, grayness, bubbles, cracks, water marks, or
manufacturer and is not included in statements for labeling.
other defects that are apparent under the visible inspection test
7.1.6 Precision and Bias—Precision and bias information is
conditions of 8.5 shall be considered a failure; except that
not applicable, because the results of the test are stated
small specks or inclusions that are not seen when the lens is
qualitatively and not as numerical values of physical quantities.
held close to the eye in the as worn position shall not be a cause
7.2 Higher Impact Resistance Test:
of rejection.
7.2.1 Significance and Use—This test method is intended to
5.1.9 When tested in accordance with any applicable optical
ensure a level of protection from relatively heavy, pointed
test in 8.6 and 8.7, any goggle or faceshield that does not
objects traveling at low speed. It may not be representative of
permit the test target to be brought into focus well enough to
all of the conditions of impact experienced in snow skiing.
make the required measurement will be deemed to have failed
7.2.2 Apparatus—An Alderson 50th percentile male head-
that test.
form (see Fig. 1) shall be used to hold the goggle or faceshield.
6. Light-Transmitting Ability of Eye Protective Devices
It shall be rigidly mounted in the horizontal position, face up,
6.1 Clear Goggle or Faceshield—A “clear” goggle or
on a base that has a mass of 30 kg (66 lb) or greater. The static
faceshield shall transmit not less than 80 % of the incident
stiffness of the headform shall be such that, when a vertically
visible radiation. A goggle or faceshield that transmits less than
downward force of 20 kg (44 lb) is applied to the forehead of
80 % of incident visible radiation shall be considered “tinted.”
the headform, the back of the headform shall not deflect more
6.2 Ultraviolet and Infrared Filtration—Ultraviolet and
than 2 mm (0.08 in.). The missile shall have a 30° conical tip
infrared filtration shall meet the requirements of ANSI Z80.3
witha1mm (0.04 in.) radius, shall have a mass of 500 g (17.6
for Special Purpose Lenses.
oz), and shall have a diameter of 25.4 mm (1 in.). The missile
6.3 Resistance to Fogging—A goggle or faceshield that is
shall have a heat treated steel tip. A loose-fitting guide tube
described as being resistant to fogging shall pass the test
with a smooth internal surface shall be provided for the missile.
specified in Annex A1.
This guide tube is to prevent the missile from tumbling and
also to protect the operator. Partial shielding of the headform
NOTE 2—To claim or describe a goggle or faceshield as being resistant
may be desirable to protect the feet of the operator.
to fogging is optional.
7.2.3 Procedure—Place the goggle or faceshield on the
7. Lens Strength—Test Methods
headform as it would be worn by the user. Hold the missile
7.1 Basic Impact Resistance Test: above the headform with its tip 130 cm (51 in.) above the
7.1.1 Significance and Use—This test method is intended to exterior surface of the transparent portion of the goggle or
ensure a basic level of protection from impact on the surface of faceshield and aligned vertically above one eye of the head-
a lens of a goggle or on the viewing portion of a faceshield. It form. Allow the missile to fall freely through 130 cm. Test four
may not be representative of all of the conditions of impact representative samples of the type of goggle or faceshield.
F 659
7.2.4 Analysis of Results—The lens shall be retained in its trophotometric method can be determined by checking the
frame, and it shall not crack, fracture, nor be penetrated by the performance of the spectrophotometer according to Practice
tip of the missile. If all four samples pass the test, then the E 275. However, such determinations may not be necessary,
goggle or faceshield passes, but if any fail, then the goggle or because these luminous transmittance tests
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