ASTM E2769-18

Standard Test Method for Elastic Modulus by Thermomechanical Analysis Using Three-Point Bending and Controlled Rate of Loading

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means of characterizing the mechanical behavior of materials using very small amounts of material.  
5.2 The data obtained may be used for quality control, research and development and establishment of optimum processing conditions. The data are not intended for use in design or predicting performance.
Note 2: This test method may not be suitable for anisotropic materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the use of linear controlled-rate-of-loading in three-point bending to determine the elastic modulus of isotropic specimens in the form of rectangular bars using a thermomechanical analyzer (TMA).
Note 1: This method is intended to provide results similar to those of Test Methods D790 or D5934 but is performed on a thermomechanical analyzer using smaller test specimens. Until the user demonstrates equivalence, the results of this method shall be considered independent and unrelated to those of Test Methods D790 or D5934.  
1.2 This test method provides a means for determining the elastic modulus within the linear region of the stress-strain curves (see Fig. 1). This test is conducted under isothermal temperature conditions from –100 °C to 300 °C.
FIG. 1 Stress-Strain Curve (Linear Region)  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-May-2018
• ICS: 29.035.20 - Plastics and rubber insulating materials
• Technical Committee: E37 - Thermal Measurements
• Drafting Committee: E37.10 - Fundamental, Statistical and Mechanical Properties

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E2769 − 18
Standard Test Method for
Elastic Modulus by Thermomechanical Analysis Using
1
Three-Point Bending and Controlled Rate of Loading
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2769; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced
and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-
1.1 This test method describes the use of linear controlled-
als
rate-of-loading in three-point bending to determine the elastic
D5934 Test Method for Determination of Modulus of Elas-
modulus of isotropic specimens in the form of rectangular bars
ticity for Rigid and Semi-Rigid Plastic Specimens by
using a thermomechanical analyzer (TMA).
Controlled Rate of Loading Using Three-Point Bending
3
NOTE 1—This method is intended to provide results similar to those of
(Withdrawn 2009)
Test Methods D790 or D5934 but is performed on a thermomechanical
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rhe-
analyzer using smaller test specimens. Until the user demonstrates
ology
equivalence, the results of this method shall be considered independent
and unrelated to those of Test Methods D790 or D5934. E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
E1363 Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Thermo-
1.2 This test method provides a means for determining the
mechanical Analyzers
elastic modulus within the linear region of the stress-strain
E2113 Test Method for Length Change Calibration of Ther-
curves (see Fig. 1). This test is conducted under isothermal
momechanical Analyzers
temperature conditions from –100 °C to 300 °C.
E2206 Test Method for Force Calibration of Thermome-
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
chanical Analyzers
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
3. Terminology
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of technical terms used in this
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
standard are defined in Terminologies E473 and E1142 includ-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ing anisotropic, Celsius, expansivity, isotropic, proportional
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
limit, storage modulus, strain, stress, thermodilatometry, ther-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
momechanical analysis, and yield point.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.2.1 elastic modulus, n—the ratio of stress to correspond-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
ing strain within the elastic limit on the stress-strain curve (see
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Fig. 1) expressed in Pascal units.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4. Summary of Test Method
2. Referenced Documents
2 4.1 A specimen of rectangular cross section is tested in
2.1 ASTM Standards:
three-point bending (flexure) as a beam.The beam rests on two
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
supports and is loaded midway between the supports by means
of a loading nose.Alinearly increasing load (stress) is applied
1
to the test specimen of known geometry while the resulting
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE37onThermal
Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.10 on
deflection (strain) is measured under isothermal conditions.
Fundamental, Statistical and Mechanical Properties.
The elastic modulus is obtained from the linear portion of the
Current edition approved June 1, 2018. Published June 2018. Originally
display of resultant strain versus applied stress.
approved in 2011. Last previous version approved in 2016 as E2769 – 16. DOI:
10.1520/E2769-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2769 − 18
FIG. 1 Stress-Strain Curve (Linear Region)
5. Significance and
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2769 − 16 E2769 − 18
Standard Test Method for
Elastic Modulus by Thermomechanical Analysis Using
1
Three-Point Bending and Controlled Rate of Loading
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2769; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method describes the use of linear controlled-rate-of-loading in three-point bending to determine the elastic
modulus of isotropic specimens in the form of rectangular bars using a thermomechanical analyzer (TMA).
NOTE 1—This method is intended to provide results similar to those of Test Methods D790 or D5934 but is performed on a thermomechanical analyzer
using smaller test specimens. Until the user demonstrates equivalence, the results of this method shall be considered independent and unrelated to those
of Test Methods D790 or D5934.
1.2 This test method provides a means for determining the elastic modulus within the linear region of the stress-strain curves
(see Fig. 1). This test is conducted under isothermal temperature conditions from –100 °C to 300°C.300 °C.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 There is no ISO standard equivalent to this test method.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
D5934 Test Method for Determination of Modulus of Elasticity for Rigid and Semi-Rigid Plastic Specimens by Controlled Rate
3
of Loading Using Three-Point Bending (Withdrawn 2009)
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology
E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
E1363 Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Thermomechanical Analyzers
E2113 Test Method for Length Change Calibration of Thermomechanical Analyzers
E2206 Test Method for Force Calibration of Thermomechanical Analyzers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of technical terms used in this standard are defined in Terminologies E473 and E1142 including
anisotropic, Celsius, expansivity, isotropic, proportional limit, storage modulus, strain, stress, thermodilatometry, thermomechani-
cal analysis, and yield point.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E37 on Thermal Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.10 on Fundamental,
Statistical and Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved April 1, 2016June 1, 2018. Published April 2016June 2018. Originally approved in 2011. Last previous version approved in 20152016 as E2769
– 15.16. DOI: 10.1520/E2769-16.10.1520/E2769-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2769 − 18
FIG. 1 Stress-Strain Curve (Linear Region)
3.2.1 elastic modulus, n—the ratio of stress to corresponding strain within the elastic limit on the stress-strain curve (see Fig.
1) expressed in Pascal units.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A specimen of rectangular cross section is tested in three-point bending (flexure) as a b
...