ASTM E2769-22

Standard Test Method for Elastic Modulus by Thermomechanical Analysis Using Three-Point Bending and Controlled Rate of Loading

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means of characterizing the mechanical behavior of materials using very small amounts of material including thermoplastic and thermoset polymers, composites, and metals.  
5.2 The data obtained may be used for research and development and establishment of optimum processing conditions. The data are not intended for use in design or for predicting performance.
Note 2: This test method may not be suitable for anisotropic materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the use of linear controlled-rate-of-loading in three-point bending to determine the elastic modulus of isotropic specimens in the form of rectangular bars using a thermomechanical analyzer (TMA).
Note 1: This method is intended to provide results similar to those of Test Methods D790 or D5934 but is performed on a thermomechanical analyzer using smaller test specimens. Until the user demonstrates equivalence, the results of this method shall be considered independent and unrelated to those of Test Methods D790 or D5934.  
1.2 This test method provides a means for determining the elastic modulus within the linear region of the stress-strain curves (see Fig. 1). This test is conducted under isothermal temperature conditions from –100 °C to 300 °C.
FIG. 1 Stress-Strain Curve (Linear Region)  
1.3 Typical test specimens are in the form of thin strips 0.5 mm in thickness, 1.5 mm in width, and 6 mm in length. The size of the test specimen is limited by the distance between the supports used in the three-point bending mode of operation, commonly 0.5 cm.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Jan-2022
• ICS: 29.035.20 - Plastics and rubber insulating materials
• Technical Committee: E37 - Thermal Measurements
• Drafting Committee: E37.10 - Fundamental, Statistical and Mechanical Properties

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E2769 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Elastic Modulus by Thermomechanical Analysis Using
1
Three-Point Bending and Controlled Rate of Loading
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2769; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method describes the use of linear controlled-
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
rate-of-loading in three-point bending to determine the elastic
D790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced
modulus of isotropic specimens in the form of rectangular bars
and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-
using a thermomechanical analyzer (TMA).
als
NOTE 1—This method is intended to provide results similar to those of
D5934 Test Method for Determination of Modulus of Elas-
Test Methods D790 or D5934 but is performed on a thermomechanical
ticity for Rigid and Semi-Rigid Plastic Specimens by
analyzer using smaller test specimens. Until the user demonstrates
Controlled Rate of Loading Using Three-Point Bending
equivalence, the results of this method shall be considered independent
3
(Withdrawn 2009)
and unrelated to those of Test Methods D790 or D5934.
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rhe-
1.2 This test method provides a means for determining the
ology
elastic modulus within the linear region of the stress-strain
E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
curves (see Fig. 1). This test is conducted under isothermal
E1363 Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Thermo-
temperature conditions from –100 °C to 300 °C.
mechanical Analyzers
E2092 Test Method for Distortion Temperature in Three-
1.3 Typical test specimens are in the form of thin strips
Point Bending by Thermomechanical Analysis
0.5 mminthickness,1.5 mminwidth,and6 mminlength.The
E2113 Test Method for Length Change Calibration of Ther-
size of the test specimen is limited by the distance between the
momechanical Analyzers
supports used in the three-point bending mode of operation,
E2206 Test Method for Force Calibration of Thermome-
commonly 0.5 cm.
chanical Analyzers
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this 3. Terminology
standard.
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of technical terms used in this
standard are defined in Terminologies E473 and E1142 includ-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ing anisotropic, Celsius, expansivity, isotropic, proportional
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
limit, storage modulus, strain, stress, thermodilatometry, ther-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
momechanical analysis, and yield point.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2.1 elastic modulus, n—the ratio of stress to correspond-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- ing strain within the elastic limit on the stress-strain curve (see
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Fig. 1) expressed in Pascal units.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4. Summary of Test Method
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.1 A specimen of rectangular cross section is tested in
three-point bending (flexure) as a beam.The beam rests on two
1 2
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE37onThermal For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.10 on contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Fundamental, Statistical and Mechanical Properties. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2022. Published September 2022. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 2011. Last previous version approved in 2018 as E2769 – 18. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/E2769-22. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 1942
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2769 − 18 E2769 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Elastic Modulus by Thermomechanical Analysis Using
1
Three-Point Bending and Controlled Rate of Loading
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2769; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method describes the use of linear controlled-rate-of-loading in three-point bending to determine the elastic modulus
of isotropic specimens in the form of rectangular bars using a thermomechanical analyzer (TMA).
NOTE 1—This method is intended to provide results similar to those of Test Methods D790 or D5934 but is performed on a thermomechanical analyzer
using smaller test specimens. Until the user demonstrates equivalence, the results of this method shall be considered independent and unrelated to those
of Test Methods D790 or D5934.
1.2 This test method provides a means for determining the elastic modulus within the linear region of the stress-strain curves (see
Fig. 1). This test is conducted under isothermal temperature conditions from –100 °C to 300 °C.
1.3 Typical test specimens are in the form of thin strips 0.5 mm in thickness, 1.5 mm in width, and 6 mm in length. The size of
the test specimen is limited by the distance between the supports used in the three-point bending mode of operation, commonly
0.5 cm.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
D5934 Test Method for Determination of Modulus of Elasticity for Rigid and Semi-Rigid Plastic Specimens by Controlled Rate
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E37 on Thermal Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.10 on Fundamental,
Statistical and Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved June 1, 2018Feb. 1, 2022. Published June 2018September 2022. Originally approved in 2011. Last previous version approved in 20162018 as
E2769 – 16.18. DOI: 10.1520/E2769-18.10.1520/E2769-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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E2769 − 22
FIG. 1 Stress-Strain Curve (Linear Region)
3
of Loading Using Three-Point Bending (Withdrawn 2009)
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology
E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
E1363 Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Thermomechanical Analyzers
E2092 Test Method for Distortion Temperature in Three-Point Bending by Thermomechanical Analysis
E2113 Test Method for Length Change Calibration of Thermomechanical Analyzers
E2206 Test Method for Force Calibration of Thermomechanical Analyzers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of technical terms used in this standard are defined in Terminologies E473 and E1142 including
anisotropic, Celsius, expansivity, isotropic, proportional limit, storage modulus, strain, stress, thermodilatometry, thermomechani-
cal analysis, and yield point.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 elastic modulus, n—the ratio of stress to corresponding strain within the elas
...