ASTM C485-16
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring Warpage of Ceramic Tile
Standard Test Method for Measuring Warpage of Ceramic Tile
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means for determining whether or not a lot of ceramic tile meets the warpage requirements that may appear in specifications to assure satisfactory tile installations. In accordance with this test method, warpage is calculated as a percentage of the length of the edge or diagonal being tested. It is realized that the percentage values based on the overall edge length, or on the overall diagonal length of a tile will be slightly lower than those based on the distance between reference points. However, the ratio of the overall lengths to the distance between reference points will be practically constant for any particular size of tile and, therefore, the percentage values will be comparable and equally indicative of warpage.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for measuring the corner, diagonal, and edge warpages of the following categories of ceramic tile:
1.1.1 Square Tile, 2 by 2 in. (51 by 51 mm) or larger, that are nominally flat, of uniform overall thickness, and have a smooth face of one of the types: unglazed, bright glazed, matte glazed, or finely crystalline glazed.
1.1.2 Oblong Tile, no facial dimension smaller than 2 in. (51 mm), that are flat, of uniform overall thickness, and have a smooth face of one of the types: unglazed, bright glazed, matte glazed, or finely crystalline glazed.
1.1.3 Square and Oblong Tile, no facial dimension smaller than 2 in. (51 mm), that are flat, but have an irregular face such as embossed, sloped, bumpy, wavy, coarsely crystalline, or wire-cut textured.
1.1.4 Nonrectilinear Tile, larger than 4 in.2 (26 cm2), that are flat and of uniform body thickness with smooth or irregular face, such as hexagonal, diamond, Spanish type, and so forth.
1.1.5 Trim Tile meeting one of the descriptions in 1.1.1 – 1.1.4 except that only a part of the tile surface is flat. (Surface trim tile should be treated as flat tile whenever possible.)
1.1.6 Square or Oblong Tile with facial area less than 4 in.2 (26 cm2) and at least two straight sides equal to or greater than 1.0 in. (25 mm) long. (Modular 1- by 1-in. tile are not in the scope of this test method.)
1.2 This test method is not applicable to tile having embossed surfaces that are not flat, or that have a combination of variable body thickness and an irregular face.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:C485 −16
Standard Test Method for
1
Measuring Warpage of Ceramic Tile
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C485; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This test method covers procedures for measuring the
corner, diagonal, and edge warpages of the following catego-
2. Referenced Documents
ries of ceramic tile:
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1.1 Square Tile, 2 by 2 in. (51 by 51 mm) or larger, that
C242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related
are nominally flat, of uniform overall thickness, and have a
Products
smooth face of one of the types: unglazed, bright glazed, matte
glazed, or finely crystalline glazed. 2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
3
Warpage Gage for Ceramic Tile
1.1.2 Oblong Tile,nofacialdimensionsmallerthan2in.(51
mm), that are flat, of uniform overall thickness, and have a
3. Terminology
smooth face of one of the types: unglazed, bright glazed, matte
glazed, or finely crystalline glazed.
3.1 Definitions:
1.1.3 Square and Oblong Tile, no facial dimension smaller
3.1.1 contact warpage device, n—consisting of a fixture that
than 2 in. (51 mm), that are flat, but have an irregular face such
has reference pins, contact gauges, and zero blank plates. The
as embossed, sloped, bumpy, wavy, coarsely crystalline, or
device can be specific to a tile size or adjustable. Typically the
wire-cut textured.
tile rests on the pins and the zero plane is fixed from these
2 2
1.1.4 Nonrectilinear Tile, larger than 4 in. (26 cm ), that
contact points.
are flat and of uniform body thickness with smooth or irregular
3.1.2 non-contact warpage device, n—a device that uses
face, such as hexagonal, diamond, Spanish type, and so forth.
some form of non-contact method to take measurements. An
1.1.5 Trim Tile meeting one of the descriptions in 1.1.1 –
example would be laser measurement. These devices can used
1.1.4 except that only a part of the tile surface is flat. (Surface
a fixed reference plane (zero with flat blanks) or calculate a
trim tile should be treated as flat tile whenever possible.)
theoretical reference plane.
1.1.6 Square or Oblong Tile with facial area less than 4
2 2 3.1.3 reference plane, n—the zero plane from which tile
in. (26 cm ) and at least two straight sides equal to or greater
planar deviations are measured.
than 1.0 in. (25 mm) long. (Modular 1- by 1-in. tile are not in
3.1.4 tile, n—see Definitions C242.
the scope of this test method.)
3.1.5 warpage, n—curvature of a flat tile measured as
1.2 This test method is not applicable to tile having em-
deviation of the tile surface from a true plane along the edges,
bossed surfaces that are not flat, or that have a combination of
at the corners, or the diagonals. The deviation is measured at
variable body thickness and an irregular face.
the mid-length of an edge or diagonal, or at a corner, expressed
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as a percentage of the length of the edge, diagonal, or corner,
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
and called convex or concave with respect to the face of the
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
tile.
and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the 4. Summary of Test Method
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 This method calculates the deviation of a ceramic tile
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
from a flat plane. Measurements are made along the edges,
1 2
This method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C21 on Ceramic For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
C21.06 on Ceramic Tile. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016. Published January 2017. Originally theASTM website.
3
approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C485 – 09. DOI: Three drawings showing construction details are available from ASTM
10.1520/C0485-16. Headquarters. Order ADJC0485.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
--------
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C485 − 09 C485 − 16
Standard Test Method for
1
Measuring Warpage of Ceramic Tile
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C485; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers procedures for measuring diagonal the corner, diagonal, and edge warpages of the following
categories of ceramic tile:
1.1.1 Square Tile, 2 by 2 in. (51 by 51 mm) 51 mm) or larger, that are nominally flat, of uniform overall thickness, and have
a smooth face of one of the types: unglazed, bright glazed, matte glazed, or finely crystalline glazed.
1.1.2 Oblong Tile, no facial dimension smaller than 2 in. (51 mm), that are flat, of uniform overall thickness, and have a smooth
face of one of the types: unglazed, bright glazed, matte glazed, or finely crystalline glazed.
1.1.3 Square and Oblong Tile, no facial dimension smaller than 2 in. (51 mm), that are flat, but have an irregular face such as
embossed, sloped, bumpy, wavy, coarsely crystalline, or wire-cut textured.
2 2
1.1.4 Nonrectilinear Tile, larger than 4 in.4 in. (26 cm (26 cm ), that are flat and of uniform body thickness with smooth or
irregular face, such as hexagonal, diamond, Spanish type, and so forth.
1.1.5 Trim Tile meeting one of the descriptions in 1.1.1 – 1.1.4 except that only a part of the tile surface is flat. (Surface trim
tile should be treated as flat tile whenever possible.)
2 2
1.1.6 Square or Oblong Tile with facial area less than 4 in. (26 cm ) and at least two straight sides equal to or greater than 1.0
in. (25 mm) long. (Modular 1- by 1-in. tile are not in the scope of this test method.)
1.2 This test method is not applicable to tile having embossed surfaces that are not flat, or that have a combination of variable
body thickness and an irregular face.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
3
Warpage Gage for Ceramic Tile
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 contact warpage device, n—consisting of a fixture that has reference pins, contact gauges, and zero blank plates. The
device can be specific to a tile size or adjustable. Typically the tile rests on the pins and the zero plane is fixed from these contact
points.
3.1.2 non-contact warpage device, n—a device that uses some form of non-contact method to take measurements. An example
would be laser measurement. These devices can used a fixed reference plane (zero with flat blanks) or calculate a theoretical
reference plane.
1
This method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C21 on Ceramic Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C21.06
on Ceramic Tile.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2009Dec. 1, 2016. Published January 2009January 2017. Originally approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 20032009 as
ε1
C485 – 83 (2003)C485 – 09. . DOI: 10.1520/C0485-09.10.1520/C0485-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Three drawings showing construction details are available from ASTM Headquarters. Order ADJC0485.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C485 − 16
3.1.3 reference plane, n—the zero plane from which tile planar deviations are measured.
3.1.4 tile—tile, n—see Definitions C242.
3.1.5 warpage—warpage, n—curvature of a flat tile measured as deviation of the tile surface from a true plane along the edges
edges, at the corners, or the diagonals. The deviation is measured at the mid-length of an edge or diag
...
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