ASTM C648-20
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Breaking Strength of Ceramic Tile
Standard Test Method for Breaking Strength of Ceramic Tile
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The test method provides means for establishing whether or not a lot of ceramic tile meets the strength requirements which may appear in tile specifications. Tile strength is the force in pounds-force (or newtons), as read from the pressure gage, necessary to cause the tile to break.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the breaking strength of ceramic tile, ceramic mosaic tile, quarry tile, porcelain tile and paver tile, having a facial area of at least 1 in.2 (6.4 cm2). Tiles may be glazed or unglazed.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C648 − 20
Standard Test Method for
1
Breaking Strength of Ceramic Tile
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C648; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
2 2
1. Scope having an actual facial area of 9 in. (58 cm ) or less, arranged
in an equilateral triangle, and applying force at a definite rate
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the break-
to the center of the tile, which coincides with the center of the
ing strength of ceramic tile, ceramic mosaic tile, quarry tile,
triangular support, until the specimen breaks.
porcelain tile and paver tile, having a facial area of at least
2 2
1 in. (6.4 cm ). Tiles may be glazed or unglazed.
NOTE 1—The size (facial dimensions) of otherwise equal tile affects the
value of breaking strength obtained by this test method. For instance, a 6
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
by 6-in. (152 by 152 mm) tile equal in mature body properties and
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
1 1
thickness to a 4 ⁄4 by 4 ⁄4-in. (108 by 108 mm) tile will have a breaking
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only 1 1
strength higher than the 4 ⁄4 by 4 ⁄4-in. tile.
and are not considered standard.
5. Significance and Use
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1 The test method provides means for establishing
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
whether or not a lot of ceramic tile meets the strength
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
requirements which may appear in tile specifications. Tile
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
strength is the force in pounds-force (or newtons), as read from
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
the pressure gage, necessary to cause the tile to break.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
6. Apparatus
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1 1
6.1 Specimen-support, consisting of a 5 ⁄2 by 5 ⁄2 by 1-in.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1
(139.7 by 139.7 by 25.4 mm) steel block. Three ⁄4-in.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3
(6.4 mm) diameter and ⁄8-in. (9.5 mm) deep tapped holes are
2. Referenced Documents arranged in an equilateral triangle having 3-in. (76.2 mm) sides
2
and whose circumscribed circle has a radius of 1.732 in.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
(44.0 mm).Theequilateraltriangleislocatedonthe steel block
C242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related
so that its center coincides with that of the steel block and one
Products
side of the triangle runs parallel to one side of the steel block.
E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
3 3
Three ⁄8-in. diameter steel rods, 1 ⁄8 in. with (34.9 mm) long,
3. Terminology 3 1
one end threaded for a distance of ⁄8 in. with the same ⁄4-in.
threadasthetappedholes,andtheotherendgroundflat,fitinto
3.1 Definitions:
3
the three holes. In a similar manner, a second set of three ⁄8-in.
3.1.1 For definitions of the types of tile listed in Section 1,
3
diameter steel rods, but ⁄4 in. (19.0 mm) long only, are
refer to Terminology C242.
3
threaded on one end for a distance of ⁄8-in., are ground flat on
4. Summary of Test Method
1
the other end and fit three other ⁄4-in. tapped holes. The three
1 3
4.1 The test method consists of supporting the tile on the ⁄4-in. holes, tapped for a distance of ⁄8 in. to receive this
ends of three cylindrical rods, or on three ball bearings for tiles
second set of steel rods are located at the apexes of an
1
equilateral triangle having 1 ⁄2-in. (38.1 mm) long sides and
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C21 on Ceramic
whosecircumscribedcirclehasaradiusof0.866in.(22.0mm).
Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
Thissecondequilateraltriangleislocatedwithinthefirstonein
C21.06 on Ceramic Tile.
such a manner that its circumscribed circle is identical with the
Current edition approved April 1, 2020. Published April 2020. Originally
inscribed circle of the first triangle, and its sides are parallel to
approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as C648 – 04 (2014).
DOI: 10.1520/C0648-20.
those of the larger triangle.The ball bearing suppo
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C648 − 04 (Reapproved 2014) C648 − 20
Standard Test Method for
1
Breaking Strength of Ceramic Tile
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C648; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the breaking strength of glazed ceramic wall tile, ceramic mosaic tile, quarry
2 2
tile, porcelain tile and paver tile, having a facial area of at least 1 in.1 in. (6.4 cm(6.4 cm ). Tiles may be glazed or unglazed.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products
E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of the types of tile listed in Section 1, refer to Terminology C242.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The test method consists of supporting the tile on the ends of three cylindrical rods, or on three ball bearings for tiles having
2 2
an actual facial area of 9 in. (58 cm ) (or less),or less, arranged in an equilateral triangle, and applying force at a definite rate to
the center of the tile, which coincides with the center of the triangular support, until the specimen breaks.
NOTE 1—The size (facial dimensions) of otherwise equal tile affects the value of breaking strength obtained by this test method. For instance, a 6 by
1 1
6-in. (152 by 152-mm)152 mm) tile equal in mature body properties and thickness to a 4 ⁄4 by 4 ⁄4-in. (108 by 108-mm) 108 mm) tile will have a breaking
1 1
strength higher than the 4 ⁄4 by 4 ⁄4-in. tile.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The test method provides means for establishing whether or not a lot of ceramic tile meets the strength requirements which
may appear in tile specifications. Tile strength is the force in pounds-force (or newtons), as read from the pressure gage, necessary
to cause the tile to break.
6. Apparatus
1 1
6.1 Specimen-Support,Specimen-support, consisting of a 5 ⁄2 by 5 ⁄2 by 1-in. (139.7 by 139.7 by 25.4-mm) 25.4 mm) steel block.
1 3
Three ⁄4-in. (6.4-mm)(6.4 mm) diameter and ⁄8-in. (9.5-mm) (9.5 mm) deep tapped holes are arranged in an equilateral triangle
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C21 on Ceramic Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C21.06
on Ceramic Tile.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014April 1, 2020. Published December 2014April 2020. Originally approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 20092014 as
C648 – 04 (2009).(2014). DOI: 10.1520/C0648-04R14.10.1520/C0648-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C648 − 20
having 3-in. (76.2-mm) (76.2 mm) sides and whose circumscribed circle has a radius of 1.732 in. (44.0 mm). The equilateral
triangle is located on the steel block so that its center coincides with that of the steel block and one side of the triangle runs parallel
3 3
to one side of the steel block. Three ⁄8-in. diameter steel rods, 1 ⁄8 in. with (34.9 mm) long, one end threaded for a distance of
3 1
⁄8 in. with the same ⁄4-in. thread as the tapped holes, and the other end gro
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.