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ASTM D5886-95(2001)

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Selection of Test Methods to Determine Rate of Fluid Permeation Through Geomembranes for Specific Applications

Standard Guide for Selection of Test Methods to Determine Rate of Fluid Permeation Through Geomembranes for Specific Applications

SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers selecting one or more appropriate test methods to assess the permeability of all candidate geomembranes for a proposed specific application to various permeants. The widely different uses of geomembranes as barriers to the transport and migration of different gases, vapors, and liquids under different service conditions require determinations of permeability by test methods that relate to and simulate the service. Geomembranes are nonporous homogeneous materials that are permeable in varying degrees to gases, vapors, and liquids on a molecular scale in a three-step process (1 ) by dissolution in or absorption by the geomembrane on the upstream side, (2 ) diffusion through the geomembrane, and (3 ) desorption on the downstream side of the barrier.  
1.2 The rate of transmission of a given chemical species, whether as a single permeant or in mixtures, is driven by its chemical potential or in practical terms by its concentration gradient across the geomembrane. Various methods to assess the permeability of geomembranes to single component permeants, such as individual gases, vapors, and liquids are referenced and briefly described.  
1.3 Various test methods for the measurement of permeation and transmission through geomembranes of individual species in complex mixtures such as waste liquids are discussed.  
1.4  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Dec-1995
ICS
13.060.30 - Sewage water
17.120.01 - Measurement of fluid flow in general
Technical Committee
D35 - Geosynthetics
Drafting Committee
D35.10 - Geomembranes
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5886-95 - Standard Guide for Selection of Test Methods to Determine Rate of Fluid Permeation Through Geomembranes for Specific Applications
Effective Date
10-Dec-1995
Replaced By
ASTM D5886-95(2006) - Standard Guide for Selection of Test Methods to Determine Rate of Fluid Permeation Through Geomembranes for Specific Applications
Effective Date
01-Jun-2006

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ASTM D5886-95(2001) - Standard Guide for Selection of Test Methods to Determine Rate of Fluid Permeation Through Geomembranes for Specific ApplicationsASTM D5886-95(2001) - Standard Guide for Selection of Test Methods to Determine Rate of Fluid Permeation Through Geomembranes for Specific Applications
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ASTM D5886-95(2001) - Standard Guide for Selection of Test Methods to Determine Rate of Fluid Permeation Through Geomembranes for Specific Applications
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 5886 – 95 (Reapproved 2001)
Standard Guide for
Selection of Test Methods to Determine Rate of Fluid
Permeation Through Geomembranes for Specific
1
Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5886; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D814 Test Method for Rubber Property—Vapor Transmis-
2
sion of Volatile Liquids
1.1 Thisguidecoversselectingoneormoreappropriatetest
D815 Method for Testing Coated Fabrics—Hydrogen Per-
methods to assess the permeability of all candidate geomem-
3
meability
branes for a proposed specific application to various per-
D1434 Test Method for Determining Gas Permeability
meants.Thewidelydifferentusesofgeomembranesasbarriers
4
Characteristics of Plastic Film and Sheeting
to the transport and migration of different gases, vapors, and
D1653 Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of
liquids under different service conditions require determina-
5
Organic Coating Films
tionsofpermeabilitybytestmethodsthatrelatetoandsimulate
6
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
the service. Geomembranes are nonporous homogeneous ma-
D4491 TestMethodsforWaterPermeabilityofGeotextiles
terials that are permeable in varying degrees to gases, vapors,
6
by Permittivity
and liquids on a molecular scale in a three-step process (1)by
E96 Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Mate-
dissolution in or absorption by the geomembrane on the
7
rials
upstream side, (2) diffusion through the geomembrane, and (3)
F372 Test Method for Water Vapor Transmission Rate of
desorption on the downstream side of the barrier.
Flexible Barrier Materials Using an Infrared Detection
1.2 The rate of transmission of a given chemical species,
4
Technique
whether as a single permeant or in mixtures, is driven by its
F739 Test Method for Resistance of Protective Clothing
chemical potential or in practical terms by its concentration
Materials to Permeation by Liquids or Gases Under Con-
gradient across the geomembrane. Various methods to assess
8
ditions of Continuous Contact
the permeability of geomembranes to single component per-
meants, such as individual gases, vapors, and liquids are
3. Terminology
referenced and briefly described.
3.1 Definitions:
1.3 Varioustestmethodsforthemeasurementofpermeation
3.1.1 downstream, n—the space adjacent to the geomem-
and transmission through geomembranes of individual species
brane through which the permeant is flowing.
in complex mixtures such as waste liquids are discussed.
3.1.2 geomembrane, n—an essentially impermeable geo-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
synthetic composed of one or more synthetic sheets. (See
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Terminology D4439.)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.2.1 Discussion—In geotechnical engineering, essen-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tially impermeable means that no measurable liquid flows
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
through a geosynthetic when tested in accordance with Termi-
2. Referenced Documents nology D4491.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D471 Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liq-
2
uids
3
Discontinued; see 1988 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.02.
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.
1 5
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthet- Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.
6
icsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10 on Geomembranes. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.13.
7
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1995. Published February 1996. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.06.
2 8
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.03.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 5886 – 95 (2001)
3.1.3 geosynthetic, n—a planar product manufactured from permeates porous materials in a condensed state that can carry
polymeric material used with soil, rock, earth, or other geo- the dissolved constituents, and the driving force for such
technical engineering-related material as an integral part of a permeationishydraulicpressure.Duetotheselectivenatureof
man-made project, structure, or system. (See Terminology geomembranes,thepermeationofthedissolvedconstituentsin
D4439.) liquids can vary greatly, that is, components of a mixture can
3.1.4 permeability, n—the rate of flow under a differential permeate at different rates due to differences
...

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Standard Guide for Selection of Test Methods to Determine Rate of Fluid Permeation Through Geomembranes for Specific Applications

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The principal characteristic of geomembranes is their intrinsically low permeability to a broad range of gases, vapors, and liquids, both as single-component fluids and as complex mixtures of many constituents. As low-permeable materials, geomembranes are being used in a wide range of engineering applications in geotechnical, environmental, and transportation areas as barriers to control the migration of mobile fluids and their constituents. The range of potential permeants is broad and the service conditions can differ greatly. This guide shows users test methods available for determining the permeability of geomembranes to various permeants.  
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1.1 This guide covers selecting one or more appropriate test methods to assess the permeability of all candidate geomembranes for a proposed specific application to various permeants. The widely different uses of geomembranes as barriers to the transport and migration of different gases, vapors, and liquids under different service conditions require determinations of permeability by test methods that relate to and simulate the service. Geomembranes are nonporous, homogeneous materials that are permeable in varying degrees to gases, vapors, and liquids on a molecular scale in a three-step process by: (1) dissolution in or absorption by the geomembrane on the upstream side, (2) diffusion through the geomembrane, and (3) desorption on the downstream side of the barrier.  
1.2 The rate of transmission of a given chemical species, whether as a single permeant or in mixtures, is driven by its chemical potential or in practical terms by its concentration gradient across the geomembrane. Various methods to assess the permeability of geomembranes to single component permeants, such as individual gases, vapors, and liquids are referenced and briefly described.  
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Standard Guide for Selection of Test Methods to Determine Rate of Fluid Permeation Through Geomembranes for Specific Applications

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The principal characteristic of geomembranes is their intrinsically low permeability to a broad range of gases, vapors, and liquids, both as single-component fluids and as complex mixtures of many constituents. As low-permeable materials, geomembranes are being used in a wide range of engineering applications in geotechnical, environmental, and transportation areas as barriers to control the migration of mobile fluids and their constituents. The range of potential permeants is broad and the service conditions can differ greatly. This guide shows users test methods available for determining the permeability of geomembranes to various permeants.  
5.2 The transmission of various species through a geomembrane is subject to many factors that must be assessed in order to be able to predict its effectiveness for a specific service. Permeability measurements are affected by test conditions, and measurements made by one method cannot be translated from one application to another. A wide variety of permeability tests have been devised to measure the permeability of polymeric materials; however, only a limited number of these procedures have been applied to geomembranes. Test conditions and procedures should be selected to reflect actual service requirements as closely as possible. It should be noted that field conditions may be difficult to model or maintain in the laboratory. This may impact apparent performance of geomembrane samples.  
5.3 This guide discusses the mechanism of permeation of mobile chemical species through geomembranes and the permeability tests that are relevant to various types of applications and permeating species. Specific tests for the permeability of geomembranes to both single-component fluids and multicomponent fluids that contain a variety of permeants are described and discussed.
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