ASTM E777-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Carbon and Hydrogen in the Analysis Sample of Refuse-Derived Fuel (Withdrawn 2017)
Standard Test Method for Carbon and Hydrogen in the Analysis Sample of Refuse-Derived Fuel (Withdrawn 2017)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The standard sample is available to producers and users of RDF as a method of determining the weight percent of carbon and hydrogen in the analysis sample.
Carbon and hydrogen are part of the ultimate analysis of a fuel and can be used for calculations of combustion parameters.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of total carbon and hydrogen in a sample of refuse-derived fuel (RDF). Both carbon and hydrogen are determined in one operation. This test method yields the total percentages of carbon and hydrogen in RDF as analyzed and the results include not only the carbon and hydrogen in the organic matter, but also the carbon present in mineral carbonates and the hydrogen present in the free moisture accompanying the analysis sample as well as hydrogen present as water of hydration.
Note 1—It is recognized that certain technical applications of the data derived from this test procedure may justify additional corrections. These corrections could involve compensation for the carbon present as carbonates, the hydrogen of free moisture accompanying the analysis sample, and the calculated hydrogen present as water of hydration.
1.2 This test method may be applicable to any waste material from which a laboratory analysis sample can be prepared.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements see Section 8.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covered the determination of total carbon and hydrogen in a sample of refuse-derived fuel (RDF).
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D34 on Waste Management, this practice was withdrawn in July 2017 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: E777 − 08
Standard Test Method for
Carbon and Hydrogen in the Analysis Sample of Refuse-
1
Derived Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E777; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E180 Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM
Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Spe-
1.1 This test method covers the determination of total
3
cialty Chemicals (Withdrawn 2009)
carbon and hydrogen in a sample of refuse-derived fuel (RDF).
E790 Test Method for Residual Moisture in a Refuse-
Both carbon and hydrogen are determined in one operation.
Derived Fuel Analysis Sample
This test method yields the total percentages of carbon and
E791 Test Method for Calculating Refuse-Derived Fuel
hydrogen in RDF as analyzed and the results include not only
Analysis Data from As-Determined to Different Bases
the carbon and hydrogen in the organic matter, but also the
E829 Practice for Preparing Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF)
carbon present in mineral carbonates and the hydrogen present
3
Laboratory Samples for Analysis (Withdrawn 2002)
in the free moisture accompanying the analysis sample as well
as hydrogen present as water of hydration.
3. Terminology
NOTE 1—It is recognized that certain technical applications of the data
3.1 For definition of terms used in this test method, refer to
derived from this test procedure may justify additional corrections. These
Terminology D5681.
corrections could involve compensation for the carbon present as
carbonates, the hydrogen of free moisture accompanying the analysis
4. Summary of Test Method
sample, and the calculated hydrogen present as water of hydration.
4.1 The determination is made by burning the sample to
1.2 This test method may be applicable to any waste
convert all of the carbon to carbon dioxide and all of the
material from which a laboratory analysis sample can be
hydrogen to water. The combustion is carried out by high
prepared.
purity oxygen that has been passed through a purifying train.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
The carbon dioxide and water are recovered in an absorption
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
train. The combustion tube packing is used to remove any
standard.
interfering substances.This test method gives the total percent-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
agesofcarbonandhydrogenintheRDFasanalyzed,including
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the carbon in carbonates and the hydrogen in any form of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
water.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5. Significance and Use
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
precautionary statements see Section 8.
5.1 The standard sample is available to producers and users
of RDF as a method of determining the weight percent of
2. Referenced Documents
carbon and hydrogen in the analysis sample.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.2 Carbon and hydrogen are part of the ultimate analysis of
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
a fuel and can be used for calculations of combustion param-
D5681 Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
eters.
6. Apparatus
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Treatment, 6.1 Oxygen-Purifying Train—The high-purity oxygen is
Recovery and Reuse.
passed through water and carbon dioxide absorbers prior to use
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originally
for combustion. The oxygen-purifying train consists of the
publishedasE777 – 81.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2004asE777 – 87(2004).
followingthreeunitsinorderofpassageofoxygen(seeFig.1):
DOI: 10.1520/E0777-08.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E777 − 08
A = flowmeter (6.2) E, F, G, H, I = combustion unit (6.3)
B, C, D = oxygen purifying train (6.1) E = furnace 1 (6.3.1)
B = first water absorber (6.1.1) F = furnace 2 (6.3.2)
C = carbon dioxide absorber (6.1.2) G = furnace 3 (6.3.3)
D = second water absor
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E777–87(Reapproved2004) Designation: E 777 – 08
Standard Test Method for
Carbon and Hydrogen in the Analysis Sample of Refuse-
1
Derived Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 777; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of total carbon and hydrogen in a sample of refuse-derived fuel (RDF). Both
carbonandhydrogenaredeterminedinoneoperation.ThistestmethodyieldsthetotalpercentagesofcarbonandhydrogeninRDF
as analyzed and the results include not only the carbon and hydrogen in the organic matter, but also the carbon present in mineral
carbonates and the hydrogen present in the free moisture accompanying the analysis sample as well as hydrogen present as water
of hydration.
NOTE 1—It is recognized that certain technical applications of the data derived from this test procedure may justify additional corrections. These
corrections could involve compensation for the carbon present as carbonates, the hydrogen of free moisture accompanying the analysis sample, and the
calculated hydrogen present as water of hydration.
1.2 This test method may be applicable to any waste material from which a laboratory analysis sample can be prepared.
1.3
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements see Section 8.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D 5681 Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
E 180 Practice for Determining the Precision ofASTM Methods forAnalysis andTesting of Industrial and Specialty Chemicals
E 790 Test Method for Residual Moisture in a Refuse-Derived Fuel Analysis Sample
E 791 Test Method for Calculating Refuse-Derived Fuel Analysis Data from As-Determined to Different Bases
E 829 Practice for Preparing Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) Laboratory Samples for Analysis
3. Terminology
3.1Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1refuse-derived fuels—solid forms of refuse-derived fuels from which appropriate analytical samples may be prepared are
defined as follows in ASTM STP 832:
RDF-1—Wastes used as a fuel in as-discarded form with only bulky wastes removed.
RDF-2—Wastes processed to coarse particle size with or without ferrous metal separation.
RDF-3—Combustible waste fraction processed to particle sizes, 95% passing 2-inch square screening.
RDF-4—Combustible waste fraction processed into powder form, 95% passing 10-mesh screening.
RDF-5—Combustible waste fraction densified (compressed) into the form of pellets, slugs, cubettes, or briquettes.
3.1 For definition of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D 5681.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The determination is made by burning the sample to convert all of the carbon to carbon dioxide and all of the hydrogen to
water.The combustion is carried out by high purity oxygen that has been passed through a purifying train.The carbon dioxide and
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03.02 on Municipal
Recovery and Reuse.
Current edition approved Aug. 28, 1987.Sept. 1, 2008. Published October 1987.2008. Originally published as E 777 – 81. Last previous edition E 777 – 817(2004).
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E777–08
water are recovered in an absorption train. The combustion tube packing is used to remove any interfering substances. This test
method gives the total percentages of carbon and hydrogen in the RDF as analyzed, including the carbon in carbonates
...
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