ASTM D3045-92(2003)

Standard Practice for Heat Aging of Plastics Without Load

SCOPE
1.1 This practice is intended to define the exposure conditions for testing the resistance of plastics to oxidation or other degradation when exposed solely to hot air for extended periods of time. Only the procedure for heat exposure is specified, not the test method or specimen. The effect of heat on any particular property may be determined by selection of the appropriate test method and specimen.
1.2 This practice should be used as a guide to compare thermal aging characteristics of materials as measured by the change in some property of interest. This practice recommends procedures for comparing the thermal aging characteristics of materials at a single temperature. Recommended procedures for determining the thermal aging characteristics of a material at a series of temperatures for the purpose of estimating time to a defined property change at some lower temperature are also described.
1.3 This practice does not predict thermal aging characteristics where interactions between stress, environment, temperature, and time control failure occurs.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1—ISO-2578 is considered to be technically equivalent to this practice.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Mar-2003
• ICS: 83.080.01 - Plastics in general
• Technical Committee: D20 - Plastics
• Drafting Committee: D20.50 - Durability of Plastics

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D3045-92(1997) - Standard Practice for Heat Aging of Plastics Without Load
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Replaced By: ASTM D3045-92(2010) - Standard Practice for Heat Aging of Plastics Without Load
• Effective Date: 15-Mar-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D7444-18a - Standard Practice for Heat and Humidity Aging of Oxidatively Degradable Plastics
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Referred By: ASTM E1877-21 - Standard Practice for Calculating Thermal Endurance of Materials from Thermogravimetric Decomposition Data
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Referred By: ASTM C1173-22 - Standard Specification for Flexible Transition Couplings for Underground Piping Systems
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D5870-22 - Standard Practice for Calculating Property Retention Index of Plastics
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D7194-19 - Standard Specification for Aerospace Parts Machined from Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE)
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Referred By: ASTM E2785-14(2022) - Standard Test Method for Exposure of Firestop Materials to Severe Environmental Conditions
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Referred By: ASTM E2925-19a - Standard Specification for Manufactured Polymeric Drainage and Ventilation Materials Used to Provide a Rainscreen Function
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D8280-20a - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Blooming of Brominated Flame Retardants onto the Surface of Plastic Materials by Ion Chromatography
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D5721-22 - Standard Practice for Air-Oven Aging of Polyolefin Geomembranes
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Referred By: ASTM G114-21 - Standard Practices for Evaluating the Age Resistance of Polymeric Materials Used in Oxygen Service
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D6754/D6754M-23 - Standard Specification for Ketone Ethylene Ester Based Sheet Roofing
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D5592-94(2018) - Standard Guide for Material Properties Needed in Engineering Design Using Plastics
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D4434/D4434M-21 - Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Sheet Roofing
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:D3045–92 (Reapproved 2003)
Standard Practice for
HeatAging of Plastics Without Load
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3045; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
1.1 This practice is intended to define the exposure condi-
D1870 Practice for Elevated Temperature Aging Using a
tions for testing the resistance of plastics to oxidation or other
Tubular Oven
degradation when exposed solely to hot air for extended
D1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics
periods of time. Only the procedure for heat exposure is
E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-
specified, not the test method or specimen. The effect of heat
Ventilation Ovens
on any particular property may be determined by selection of
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
the appropriate test method and specimen.
2.2 ISO Standard:
1.2 This practice should be used as a guide to compare
ISO 2578 (1974) Determination of Time-Temperature Lim-
thermal aging characteristics of materials as measured by the
its After Exposure to Prolonged Action of Heat
change in some property of interest.This practice recommends
procedures for comparing the thermal aging characteristics of
3. Terminology
materials at a single temperature. Recommended procedures
3.1 The terminology given in Terminology D883 and Ter-
for determining the thermal aging characteristics of a material
minology E456 is applicable to this practice.
at a series of temperatures for the purpose of estimating time to
a defined property change at some lower temperature are also
4. Significance and Use
described.
4.1 The use of this practice presupposes that the failure
1.3 This practice does not predict thermal aging character-
criteria selected to evaluate materials (that is, the property or
isticswhereinteractionsbetweenstress,environment,tempera-
properties being measured as a function of exposure time) and
ture, and time control failure occurs.
the duration of the exposure can be shown to relate to the
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
intended use of the materials.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.2 Plastic materials exposed to heat may be subject to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
many types of physical and chemical changes. The severity of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
the exposures in both time and temperature determines the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
extent and type of change that takes place.Aplastic material is
NOTE 1—ISO-2578 is considered to be technically equivalent to this
notnecessarilydegradedbyexposuretoelevatedtemperatures,
practice.
but may be unchanged or improved. However, extended
periods of exposure of plastics to elevated temperatures will
2. Referenced Documents
generally cause some degradation, with progressive change in
2.1 ASTM Standards:
physical properties.
D573 Test Method for Rubber—Deterioration in an Air
4.3 Generally,shortexposuresatelevatedtemperaturesmay
Oven
drive out volatiles such as moisture, solvents, or plasticizers,
relieve molding stresses, advance the cure of thermosets, and
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlasticsand may cause some change in color of the plastic or coloring
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.50 on Durability of Plastics.
agent, or both. Normally, additional shrinkage should be
Current edition approved March 10, 2003. Published April 2003. Originally
expected with loss of volatiles or advance in polymerization.
approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D3045 – 92 (1997).
DOI: 10.1520/D3045-92R03.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Withdrawn.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D3045–92 (2003)
4.4 Someplasticmaterialsmaybecomebrittleduetolossof apparatus shall be in accordance with Specifications E145,
plasticizers after exposure at elevated temperatures. Other Type IIB for temperature up to 70°C. For higher temperature,
types of plastics may become soft and sticky, either due to Type IIAis required. Provision should be made for suspending
sorption of volatilized plasticizer or due to breakdown of the specimens without touching each other or the side of the
polymer. chamber. Recording instrumentation to monitor the tempera-
4.5 The degree of change observed will depend on the ture of exposure is recommended.
property measured. Different properties, mechanical or electri- 5.3 Test Equipment to determine the selected property or
cal, may not change at the same rate. For instance, the arc properties, in accordance with appropriate ASTM procedures.
resistance of thermosetting compounds improves up to the
6. Sampling
carbonization point of the material. Mechanical properties,
such as flexural properties, are sensitive to heat degradation 6.1 The number and type of test specimens required shall be
in accordance with the ASTM test method for the specific
and may change at a more rapid rate. Ultimate properties such
asstrengthorelongationaremoresensitivetodegradationthan property to be determined; this requirement should be met at
each time and temperature selected.
bulk properties such as modulus, in most cases.
6.2 Sampling should also be in accordance with the perti-
4.6 Effects of exposure may be quite variable, especially
when specimens are exposed for long intervals of time. Factors nent considerations outlined in Practice D1898.
that affect the reproducibility of data are the degree of
7. Test Specimens
temperature control of the enclosure, humidity of the oven, air
7.1 The number and type of test specimens required shall be
velocity over the specimen, and period of exposure. Errors in
in accordance with the ASTM test method for the specific
exposure are cumulative with time. Certain materials are
property to be determined; this requirement should be met at
susceptible to degradation due to the influence of humidity in
each time and temperature selected. Unless otherwise specified
long-term heat resistance tests. Materials susceptible to hy-
or agreed upon by all interested parties, expose a minimum of
drolysismayundergodegradationwhensubjectedtolong-term
three replicates of each material at each time and temperature
heat resistance tests.
selected.
4.7 It is not to be inferred that comparative material ranking
7.2 The specimen thickness should be comparable to but no
is undesirable or unworkable. On the contrary, this practice is
greater than the minimum thickness of the intended applica-
designed to provide data which can be used for such compara-
tion.
tive purposes. However, the data obtained from this practice,
7.3 The method of specimen fabrication should be the same
since it does not account for the influence of stress or
as that of the intended application.
environment that is involved in most real life applications,
must be used cautiously by the designer, who must inevitably
8. Conditioning
make material choices using additional data such as creep and
8.1 Conduct initial tests in the standard laboratory atmo-
creep rupture that are consistent with the requirements of his
sphere as specified in Practice D618, and with specimens
specific application.
conditioned in accordance with the requirements of theASTM
4.8 It is possible for many temperature indexes to exist, in
test method for determining the specific property or properties
fact, one for each failure criterion. Therefore, for any applica-
required.
tion of the temperature index to be valid, the thermal aging
8.2 When required, conditioning of specimens following
program must duplicate the intended exposure conditions of
exposure at elevated temperature and prior to testing, unless
the end product. If the material is stressed in the end product in
otherwise specified, shall be in accordance with PracticeD618.
a manner not evaluated in the aging program, the temperature
8.3 If possible, avoid simultaneous aging of mixed groups
index thus derived is not applicable to the use of the material
of different compounds which might cause cross contamina-
in that product.
tion.
4.9 There can be very large errors when Arrhenius plots or
equations based on data from experiments at a series of
9. Procedure
temperatures are used to estimate time to produce a defined
9.1 Whentestsatasingletemperatureareused,allmaterials
property change at some lower temperature. This estimate of
must be exposed at the same time in the same device. Use a
time to produce the property change or “failure” at the lower
sufficient number of replicates of each material for each
temperature is often called the “service life.” Because of the
exposure time so that results of tests used to characterize the
errors associated with these calculations, this
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