ASTM D4175-17a
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Standard Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard covers the compilation of terminology developed by Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, except that it does not include terms/definitions specific only to the standards in which they appear.
1.1.1 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to petroleum, petroleum products, lubricants, and certain products from biomass and chemical synthesis. Meanings of the same terms outside of applications to petroleum, petroleum products, and lubricants can be found in other compilations and in dictionaries of general usage.
1.1.2 The terms/definitions exist in two places: (1) in the standards in which they appear and (2) in this compilation.
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: D4175 − 17a
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4175; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* abrasive wear, n—wear due to hard particles or hard protu-
berances forced against and moving along a solid surface.
1.1 This terminology standard covers the compilation of
[D02.B0] D4998; [D02.L0] D5182
terminology developed by Committee D02 on Petroleum
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, except that it does not
absorbance, n—logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the
include terms/definitions specific only to the standards in
reciprocal of the transmittance. [D02.03] D7740
which they appear.
absorbance, (A), n—themolecularpropertyofasubstancethat
1.1.1 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to
determinesitsabilitytotakeupradiantenergy,expressedby:
petroleum,petroleumproducts,lubricants,andcertainproducts
A 5 log 1⁄ T 52log T (1)
from biomass and chemical synthesis. Meanings of the same ~ ! ~ !
10 10
termsoutsideofapplicationstopetroleum,petroleumproducts,
where T is the transmittance.
and lubricants can be found in other compilations and in
DISCUSSION—Absorbance expresses the excess absorption over that
dictionaries of general usage.
of a specified reference or standard. It is implied that compensation has
been affected for reflectance losses, solvent absorption losses, and
1.1.2 The terms/definitions exist in two places: (1) in the
refractive effects, if present, and that attenuation by scattering is small
standards in which they appear and (2) in this compilation.
compared with attenuation by absorption. [D02.14] D7996
1.2 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- absorbance, A, n—the molecular property of a substance that
determinesitsabilitytotakeupradiantpower,expressedby:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
A 5 log ~1/T!52log T
10 10
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
where T is the transmittance.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
DISCUSSION—Absorbance expresses the excess absorption over that
of a specified reference or standard. It is implied that compensation has
2. Terminology
been affected for reflectance losses, solvent absorption losses, and
refractive effects, if present, and that attenuation by scattering is small
2.1 Alphabetical listing of terms with definitions for each
compared with attenuation by absorption. [D02.04] D2008
term showing attributions as to source and subcommittee
jurisdiction is in bold print following the definition. Those
absorptivity, a, n—the specific property of a substance to
showing no attributes are under the jurisdiction of Subcommit-
absorb radiant power per unit sample concentration and path
tee CS 95. Some abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols are
length, expressed by:
included in the list.
a 5 Af/bc
3-MPA, n—3-methylphenylamine [D02.J0] D6812
where:
atomic absorption spectrometry, n—analytical technique for
A = the absorbance,
measuring metal content of solutions, based on a combina-
f = the dilution factor,
tion of flame source, hollow cathode lamp, photomultiplier,
b = sample cell path length, and
and a readout device. [D02.03] D7740 c = the quantity of absorbing substance contained in a
volume of solvent.
[D02.04] D2008
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
acceptance limit (AL), n—a numerical value that defines the
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
point between acceptable and unacceptable quality.
Subcommittee D02.95 on Terminology.
DISCUSSION—The AL is not necessarily the specification limit. It is a
Current edition approved July 15, 2017. Published August 2017. Originally
value that takes into account the specification limit, the test method
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D4175–17. DOI:
10.1520/D4175-17A. precision, and the desired probability of product acceptance if the
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4175 − 17a
quality is at the specification limit.
be reported in milligrams of potassium hydroxide per gram of sample.
[D02.94] D3244
[D02.06] D5770
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4175 − 17 D4175 − 17a
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4175; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This terminology standard covers the compilation of terminology developed by Committee D02 on Petroleum Products,
Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, except that it does not include terms/definitions specific only to the standards in which they appear.
1.1.1 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to petroleum, petroleum products, lubricants, and certain products from
biomass and chemical synthesis. Meanings of the same terms outside of applications to petroleum, petroleum products, and
lubricants can be found in other compilations and in dictionaries of general usage.
1.1.2 The terms/definitions exist in two places: (1) in the standards in which they appear and (2) in this compilation.
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Terminology
2.1 Alphabetical listing of terms with definitions for each term showing attributions as to source and subcommittee jurisdiction
is in bold print following the definition. Those showing no attributes are under the jurisdiction of Subcommittee CS 95. Some
abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols are included in the list.
3-MPA, n—3-methylphenylamine [D02.J0] D6812
atomic absorption spectrometry, n—analytical technique for measuring metal content of solutions, based on a combination of
flame source, hollow cathode lamp, photomultiplier, and a readout device. [D02.03] D7740
abrasive wear, n—wear due to hard particles or hard protuberances forced against and moving along a solid surface. [D02.B0]
D4998; [D02.L0] D5182
absorbance, n—logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the reciprocal of the transmittance. [D02.03] D7740
absorbance, (A), n—the molecular property of a substance that determines its ability to take up radiant energy, expressed by:
A 5 log ~1 ⁄ T! 52log ~T! (1)
10 10
where T is the transmittance.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.95 on Terminology.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2017July 15, 2017. Published February 2017August 2017. Originally approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 20162017 as
D4175 – 16c.D4175 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/D4175-17.10.1520/D4175-17A.
DISCUSSION—
Absorbance expresses the excess absorption over that of a specified reference or standard. It is implied that compensation has been affected for
reflectance losses, solvent absorption losses, and refractive effects, if present, and that attenuation by scattering is small compared with attenuation by
absorption. [D02.14] D7996
absorbance, A,n—the molecular property of a substance that determines its ability to take up radiant power, expressed by:
A 5 log ~1/T! 52log T
10 10
where T is the transmittance.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4175 − 17a
DISCUSSION—
Absorbance expresses the excess absorption over that of a specified reference or standard. It is implied that compensation has been affected for
reflectance losses, solvent absorption losses, and refractive effects, if present, and that attenuation by scattering is small compared with attenuation by
absorption. [D02.04] D2008
absorptivity, a,n—the specific property of a substance to absorb radiant power per unit sample concentration and path length,
expressed by:
a 5 Af/bc
where:
A = the absorbance,
f = the dilution factor,
b = sample cell path length, and
c = the quantity of absorbing substance contained in a volume of solvent.
[D02.04] D2008
acceptance limit (AL), n—a numerical value that defines the point between acce
...
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