ASTM D4539-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Filterability of Diesel Fuels by Low-Temperature Flow Test (LTFT)
Standard Test Method for Filterability of Diesel Fuels by Low-Temperature Flow Test (LTFT)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The Low Temperature Flow Test results are indicative of the low temperature flow performance of the test fuel in some diesel vehicles (according to CRC Report No. 528). The test method is especially useful for the evaluation of fuels containing flow improver additives.
The test method can be used to supplement other measurements of diesel fuel low temperature behavior (in accordance with Test Methods D 97, D 2500, and D 3117).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers estimating the filterability of diesel fuels in some automotive equipment at low temperatures.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by EPA and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website (http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 1.3, 8.1, 8.2.1, 8.3, 8.5, and Annex A1.
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Designation:D4539–09
Standard Test Method for
Filterability of Diesel Fuels by Low-Temperature Flow Test
1
(LTFT)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4539; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D3699 Specification for Kerosine
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
1.1 This test method covers estimating the filterability of
Petroleum Products
diesel fuels in some automotive equipment at low tempera-
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
tures.
Petroleum Products
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
2.2 Coordinating Research Council, Inc.
standard.
CRC Report No. 528 Diesel Fuel Low-Temperature Oper-
1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by EPA and
3
ability Field Test
many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause
2.3 Canadian General Standards Board:
central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or
CAN/CGSB-3.0, No. 14.01-M86, Low Temperature Flow
its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to
4
Test (LTFT) for Diesel Fuels
materials.Cautionshouldbetakenwhenhandlingmercuryand
mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Ma-
NOTE 1—CAN/CGSB-3.0, No. 140.1-M86 is essentially equivalent to
terial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website
Test Method D4539, but the differences in apparatus and procedures may
or may not yield different results.
(http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional informa-
tion. Users should be aware that selling mercury or mercury-
3. Summary of Test Method
containingproducts,orboth,inyourstatemaybeprohibitedby
3.1 The temperature of a series of test specimens of fuel is
state law.
lowered at a prescribed cooling rate. Commencing at a desired
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
test temperature and at each 1°C interval thereafter, a separate
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
specimen from the series is filtered through a 17-µm screen
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
until a minimum LTFT pass temperature is obtained. The
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
minimum LTFT pass temperature is the lowest temperature,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
expressedasamultipleof1°C,atwhichatestspecimencanbe
warningstatements,see1.3,8.1,8.2.1,8.3,8.5,andAnnexA1.
filtered in 60 s or less.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2 Alternatively, a single specimen may be cooled as
2
described under 3.1 and tested at a specified temperature to
2.1 ASTM Standards:
determine whether it passes or fails at that temperature.
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
4. Significance and Use
D1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
4.1 TheLowTemperatureFlowTestresultsareindicativeof
D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products
the low temperature flow performance of the test fuel in some
D3117 Test Method forWaxAppearance Point of Distillate
diesel vehicles (according to CRC Report No. 528). The test
Fuels
method is especially useful for the evaluation of fuels contain-
ing flow improver additives.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on Petroleum
4.2 The test method can be used to supplement other
ProductsandLubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD02.07on
Flow Properties.
measurements of diesel fuel low temperature behavior (in
Current edition approved April 15, 2009. Published May 2009. Originally
accordance with Test Methods D97, D2500, and D3117).
´1
approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D4539–03 . DOI:
10.1520/D4539-09.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from Coordinating Research Council, Inc., 219 Perimeter Center
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Parkway, Atlanta, GA 30346.
4
the ASTM website. Available from CGSB Sales Centre, Ottawa, Canada K1A 1G6.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4539–09
FIG. 1 LTFT Sample Filtration Assembly
5. Apparatus 5.6 Stop Watch or Electric Timer, capable of measuring
tenths of a second.
5.1 Glass Spec
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
´1
Designation:D4539–03 Designation: D 4539 – 09
Standard Test Method for
Filterability of Diesel Fuels by Low-Temperature Flow Test
1
(LTFT)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4539; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Footnote 9 was corrected editorially in August 2004.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers estimating the filterability of diesel fuels in some automotive equipment at low temperatures.
1.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.3
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by EPA and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central
nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution
should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet
(MSDS) for details and EPA’s website (http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional information. Users should be aware
that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 1.3, 8.1, 8.2.1, 8.3, 8.5, and Annex A1.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum OilsProducts
D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
D1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products
D3117 Test Method for Wax Appearance Point of Distillate Fuels
D3699 Specification for Kerosine
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
2.2 Coordinating Research Council, Inc.
3
CRC Report No. 528 Diesel Fuel Low-Temperature Operability Field Test
2.3 Canadian General Standards Board:
4
CAN/CGSB-3.0, No. 14.01-M86, Low Temperature Flow Test (LTFT) for Diesel Fuels
NOTE 1—CAN/CGSB-3.0, No. 140.1-M86 is essentially equivalent to Test Method D4539, but the differences in apparatus and procedures may or
may not yield different results.
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 The temperature of a series of test specimens of fuel is lowered at a prescribed cooling rate. Commencing at a desired test
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.07 on Flow
Properties.
Current edition approved May 10, 2003. Published June 2003. Originally approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D4539–02.
´1
Current edition approved April 15, 2009. Published May 2009. Originally approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D4539–03 .
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
, Vol 05.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
3
Available from Coordinating Research Council, Inc., 219 Perimeter Center Parkway, Atlanta, GA 30346.
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
4
Available from CGSB Sales Centre, Ottawa, Canada K1A 1G6.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4539–09
temperature and at each 1°C interval thereafter, a separate specimen from the series is filtered through a 17-µm screen until a
minimum LTFT pass temperature is obtained. The minimum LTFT pass temperature is the lowest temperature, expressed as a
multiple of 1°C, at which a test specimen can be filtered in 60 s or less.
3
...
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