ASTM C357-07(2015)

Standard Test Method for Bulk Density of Granular Refractory Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Granular refractory materials may be either refractory grain raw materials that are used in the manufacture of finished refractory products, or bulk granular refractory materials that are sold, with or without some degree of processing, to refractory consumers for various uses. In either case, characterizing the properties of a granular refractory material is essential in evaluating its quality or consistency of quality and in determining suitability for end use. One of the important properties is bulk density because of its relationship to end product quality, usage, and performance.  
3.2 The refractories producer can use this test method as one of the quality-control tests for his manufactured or mined refractory grain raw materials or for evaluating potential refractory grain raw materials.  
3.3 For the refractories consumer, the principal use of this test method is in the evaluation of the quality or the consistency of quality of the granular material in purchased refractory mixes or in bulk granular refractory materials used by the consumer.  
3.4 This is a primary test method, and thus is suitable for use in specifications, quality control, and research and development. It can also serve as a referee test method in purchasing contracts or agreements and as a base for development of more rapid, secondary test methods for use in quality control on manufactured refractory raw materials.  
3.5 Fundamental assumptions inherent in this test method are that the sample is representative of the material in general, the particle size of the sample is within the range specified by the test method, the material is not readily hydratable, and the size and quantity of pores in the material permits removal of surface water without drainage from the pores themselves. Deviation from any of these assumptions negates the usefulness of the test results.  
3.6 In interpreting the results of this test method, it must be recognized that the specific gravity of the materia...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the bulk density of granular refractory materials, commercial products which usually have particles that are retained on a 0.265-in. (6.7-mm) or coarser sieve.  
Note 1: This test method is not suitable for materials that hydrate in boiling water.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—In Sections 4, 7, and 8, the apparatus used is only available in SI units.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 28-Feb-2015
• ICS: 81.080 - Refractories
• Technical Committee: C08 - Refractories
• Drafting Committee: C08.03 - Physical Properties

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C357 − 07 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Method for
1
Bulk Density of Granular Refractory Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C357; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope properties is bulk density because of its relationship to end
product quality, usage, and performance.
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the
bulk density of granular refractory materials, commercial
3.2 Therefractoriesproducercanusethistestmethodasone
products which usually have particles that are retained on a
of the quality-control tests for his manufactured or mined
0.265-in. (6.7-mm) or coarser sieve.
refractory grain raw materials or for evaluating potential
refractory grain raw materials.
NOTE 1—This test method is not suitable for materials that hydrate in
boiling water.
3.3 For the refractories consumer, the principal use of this
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be
testmethodisintheevaluationofthequalityortheconsistency
regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are of quality of the granular material in purchased refractory
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for
mixes or in bulk granular refractory materials used by the
information only and are not considered standard. consumer.
1.2.1 Exceptions—In Sections 4, 7, and 8, the apparatus
3.4 Thisisaprimarytestmethod,andthusissuitableforuse
used is only available in SI units.
in specifications, quality control, and research and develop-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ment. It can also serve as a referee test method in purchasing
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
contracts or agreements and as a base for development of more
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
rapid, secondary test methods for use in quality control on
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
manufactured refractory raw materials.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.5 Fundamental assumptions inherent in this test method
are that the sample is representative of the material in general,
2. Referenced Documents
the particle size of the sample is within the range specified by
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the test method, the material is not readily hydratable, and the
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
size and quantity of pores in the material permits removal of
Sieves
surface water without drainage from the pores themselves.
Deviation from any of these assumptions negates the useful-
3. Significance and Use
ness of the test results.
3.1 Granular refractory materials may be either refractory
3.6 In interpreting the results of this test method, it must be
grain raw materials that are used in the manufacture of finished
recognized that the specific gravity of the material as well as
refractory products, or bulk granular refractory materials that
the porosity affects the value obtained for bulk density. Thus,
are sold, with or without some degree of processing, to
comparisons of results should only be made between like
refractory consumers for various uses. In either case, charac-
materials or with full recognition of inherent differences
terizing the properties of a granular refractory material is
between the materials being compared.
essential in evaluating its quality or consistency of quality and
in determining suitability for end use. One of the important
4. Apparatus
4.1 Laboratory Jaw Crusher or Rolls , for crushing samples
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of the ASTM Committee C08 on
to pass a 0.265-in. (6.7-mm) sieve.
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.03 on Physical
Properties.
4.2 Standard Sieves, 0.265-in. and No. 8 (2.36-mm) with
Current edition approved March 1, 2015. Published April 2015. Originally
Pan and Cover (Note 2)—The sieves shall conform to Speci-
approved in 1955. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C357–07 (2009)ε1.
DOI: 10.1520/C0357-07R15. fication E11.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4.2.1 The coarser sieve may be the No. 4 (4.75 mm) and the
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
finer sieve may be the No. 6 (3.35 mm) or No. 12 (1.70 mm),
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. if tests indicate that the range in particle size is not critical.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: C357 − 07 (Reapproved 2009) C357 − 07 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Method for
1
Bulk Density of Granular Refractory Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C357; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Units usage was updated in April 2009.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the bulk density of granular refractory materials, commercial products
which usually have particles that are retained on a 0.265-in. (6.7-mm) or coarser sieve.
NOTE 1—This test method is not suitable for materials that hydrate in boiling water.
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.2.1 Exceptions—In Sections 4, 7, and 8, the apparatus used is only available in SI units.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
3. Significance and Use
3.1 Granular refractory materials may be either refractory grain raw materials that are used in the manufacture of finished
refractory products, or bulk granular refractory materials that are sold, with or without some degree of processing, to refractory
consumers for various uses. In either case, characterizing the properties of a granular refractory material is essential in evaluating
its quality or consistency of quality and in determining suitability for end use. One of the important properties is bulk density
because of its relationship to end product quality, usage, and performance.
3.2 The refractories producer can use this test method as one of the quality-control tests for his manufactured or mined
refractory grain raw materials or for evaluating potential refractory grain raw materials.
3.3 For the refractories consumer, the principal use of this test method is in the evaluation of the quality or the consistency of
quality of the granular material in purchased refractory mixes or in bulk granular refractory materials used by the consumer.
3.4 This is a primary test method, and thus is suitable for use in specifications, quality control, and research and development.
It can also serve as a referee test method in purchasing contracts or agreements and as a base for development of more rapid,
secondary test methods for use in quality control on manufactured refractory raw materials.
3.5 Fundamental assumptions inherent in this test method are that the sample is representative of the material in general, the
particle size of the sample is within the range specified by the test method, the material is not readily hydratable, and the size and
quantity of pores in the material permits removal of surface water without drainage from the pores themselves. Deviation from any
of these assumptions negates the usefulness of the test results.
3.6 In interpreting the results of this test method, it must be recognized that the specific gravity of the material as well as the
porosity affects the value obtained for bulk density. Thus, comparisons of results should only be made between like materials or
with full recognition of inherent differences between the materials being compared.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of the ASTM Committee C08 on Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.03 on Physical Properties.
Current edition approved March 1, 2009March 1, 2015. Published April 2009April 2015. Originally approved in 1955. Last previous edition approved in 20072009 as
C357–07. –07 (2009)ε1. DOI: 10.1520/C0357-07R09E01.10.1520/C0357-07R15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.
...