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ASTM D7098-06

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Lubricants by Thin-Film Oxygen Uptake (TFOUT) Catalyst B

Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Lubricants by Thin-Film Oxygen Uptake (TFOUT) Catalyst B

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the oxidation stability of lubricants by thin-film oxygen uptake (TFOUT) Catalyst B. This test method evaluates the oxidation stability of petroleum products, and it was originally developed as a screening test to indicate whether a given re-refined base stock could be formulated for use as automotive engine oil (see Test Method D 4742). The test is run at 160°C in a pressure vessel under oxygen pressure, and the sample contains a metal catalyst package, a fuel catalyst, and water to partially simulate oil conditions in an operating engine. In addition, the test method has since been found broadly useful as an oxidation test of petroleum products.
1.2 The applicable range of the induction time is from a few minutes up to several hundred minutes or more. However, the range of induction times used for developing the precision statements in this test method was from 40 to 280 min.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2006
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.09 - Oxidation of Lubricants
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D7098-05 - Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Lubricants by Thin-Film Oxygen Uptake (TFOUT) Catalyst B
Effective Date
01-May-2006
Replaced By
ASTM D7098-06e1 - Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Lubricants by Thin-Film Oxygen Uptake (TFOUT) Catalyst B
Effective Date
01-May-2006

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ASTM D7098-06 - Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Lubricants by Thin-Film Oxygen Uptake (TFOUT) Catalyst BASTM D7098-06 - Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Lubricants by Thin-Film Oxygen Uptake (TFOUT) Catalyst B
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ASTM D7098-06 - Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Lubricants by Thin-Film Oxygen Uptake (TFOUT) Catalyst B
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D 7098 – 06
Standard Test Method for
Oxidation Stability of Lubricants by Thin-Film Oxygen
,
1 2
Uptake (TFOUT) Catalyst B
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7098; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
5
1.1 This test method covers the oxidation stability of 2.1 ASTM Standards:
lubricants by thin-film oxygen uptake (TFOUT) Catalyst B. A 314 Specification for Stainless Steel Billets and Bars for
This test method evaluates the oxidation stability of petroleum Forging
products, and it was originally developed as a screening test to B211 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy
indicate whether a given re-refined base stock could be Bar, Rod, and Wire
3
formulated for use as automotive engine oil (see Test Method D 664 TestMethodforAcidNumberofPetroleumProducts
D 4742). The test is run at 160°C in a pressure vessel under by Potentiometric Titration
oxygen pressure, and the sample contains a metal catalyst D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
package, a fuel catalyst, and water to partially simulate oil D 2272 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Steam Tur-
conditions in an operating engine. In addition, the test method bine Oils by Rotating Pressure Vessel
has since been found broadly useful as an oxidation test of D 4742 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline
4
petroleum products. Automotive Engine Oils by Thin-Film Oxygen Uptake
1.2 The applicable range of the induction time is from a few (TFOUT)
minutes up to several hundred minutes or more. However, the E1 Specification forASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
range of induction times used for developing the precision E 144 PracticeforSafeUseOfOxygenCombustionBombs
statements in this test method was from 40 to 280 min.
3. Terminology
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3.1.1 break point—the precise point of time at which rapid
only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the oxidation of the oil begins.
3.1.2 oxidation induction time—the time until the oil begins
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- to oxidize at a relatively rapid rate as indicated by the decrease
of oxygen pressure.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 3.1.3 oxygen uptake—oxygen absorbed by oil as a result of
oil oxidation.
1
4. Summary of Test Method
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
4.1 The test oil is mixed in a glass container with four other
D02.09 on Oxidation.
liquids used to simulate engine conditions: (1) an oxidized/
Current edition approved May 1, 2006. Published June 2006. Originally
nitrated fuel component (Annex A3), (2) a mixture of soluble
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D 7098–05.
2
While Catalyst B can be used for testing oxidation stability of many lubricant
metal naphthenates (lead, iron, manganese, and tin naphthen-
types, the mixture of fuel, nitro-paraffin, and catalyst components used in this test
ates (AnnexA4), (3) a nitro-paraffinic compound, and (4)Type
method simulates the Sequence IIIE Engine Test. Test results on several ASTM
II reagent water.
reference oils have been found to correlate with Sequence IIIE engine tests in hours
for a 375 % viscosity increase.
3
Ku, C. S. and Hsu, S. M., “A Thin Film Uptake Test for the Evaluation of
5
Automotive Lubricants,” Lubrication Engineering, 40, 2, 1984, pp. 75–83. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4
Selby, Theodore W., “Oxidation Studies with a Modified Thin-Film Oxygen contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Uptake Test”, SAE Technical Paper Series 872127, Toronto, Ontario, Nov. 2-5, Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
1987. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7098–06
4.2 The glass container holding the oil mixture is placed in withdivision2.0kPa(~0.5psig)orbettertoenablereadingsto
apressurevesselequippedwithapressuresensor.Thepressure be made to 2.0 kPa (~0.25 psig).
vessel is sea
...

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5.1 The bromine number is useful as a measure of aliphatic unsaturation in petroleum samples. When used in conjunction with the calculation procedure described in Annex A2, it can be used to estimate the percentage of olefins in petroleum distillates boiling up to approximately 315 °C (600 °F).  
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1.1.2 Commercial olefins that are essentially mixtures of aliphatic mono-olefins and that fall within the range of 95 to 165 bromine number (see Note 1). This test method has been found suitable for such materials as commercial propylene trimer and tetramer, butene dimer, and mixed nonenes, octenes, and heptenes. This test method is not satisfactory for normal alpha-olefins.  
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1.2 The magnitude of the bromine number is an indication of the quantity of bromine-reactive constituents, not an identification of constituents; therefore, its application as a measure of olefinic unsaturation should not be undertaken without the study given in Annex A1.  
1.3 For petroleum hydrocarbon mixtures of bromine number less than 1.0, a more precise measure for bromine-reactive constituents can be obtained by using Test Method D2710. If the bromine number is less than 0.5, then Test Method D2710 or the comparable bromine index methods for industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, Test Methods D1492 or D5776 must be used in accordance with their respective scopes. The practice of using a factor of 1000 to convert bromine number to bromine index is not applicable for these lower values of bromine number.  
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5.1 The low-temperature, low-shear-rate viscosity of automatic transmission fluids, gear oils, torque and tractor fluids, and industrial and automotive hydraulic oils (see Appendix X4) are of considerable importance to the proper operation of many mechanical devices. Measurement of the viscometric properties of these oils and fluids at low temperatures is often used to specify their acceptance for service. This test method is used in a number of specifications.  
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5.3 Procedures A, B, C, and D of this test method describe how to measure apparent viscosity directly without the errors associated with earlier techniques that extrapolated experimental viscometric data obtained at higher temperatures.
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1.4.2 The viscosity data used for Procedure D precision study was from 6400 mPa·s to 256 000 mPa·s at test temperatures of –26 °C and –40 °C.  
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5.1 Periodic sampling and analysis of lubricants have long been used as a means to determine overall machinery health. Atomic emission (AE) and atomic absorption (AA) spectroscopy are often employed for wear metal analysis (for example, Test Method D5185). A number of physical property tests complement wear metal analysis and are used to provide information on lubricant condition (for example, Test Methods D445, D2896, and D6304). Molecular analysis of lubricants and hydraulic fluids by FT-IR spectroscopy produces direct information on molecular species of interest, including additives, fluid breakdown products and external contaminants, and thus complements wear metal and other analyses used in a condition monitoring program (1, 2-6).
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1.2 This practice is based on trending and distribution response analysis from mid-infrared absorption measurements. While calibration to generate physical concentration units may be possible, it is unnecessary or impractical in many cases. Warning or alarm limits (the point where maintenance action on a machine being monitored is recommended or required) can be determined through statistical analysis, history of the same or similar equipment, round robin tests or other methods in conjunction with correlation to equipment performance. These warning or alarm limits can be a fixed maximum or minimum value for comparison to a single measurement or can also be based on a rate of change of the response measured (1) .2 This practice describes distributions but does not preclude using rate-of-change warnings and alarms.
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1.3 Spectra and distribution profiles presented herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as representing or establishing lubricant or machinery guidelines.  
1.4 This practice is designed as a fast, simple spectroscopic check for condition monitoring of in-service lubricants and can be used to assist in the determination of general machinery health through measurement of properties observable in the mid-infrared spectrum such as water, oil oxidation, and others as noted in 1.1. The infrared data generated by this practice is typically used in conjunction with other testing methods. For example, infrared spectroscopy cannot determine wear metal levels or any other type of elemental analysis. The practice as presented is not intended for the prediction of lubricant physical properties (for example, viscosity, total base number, total acid number, etc.). This practice is designed for monitoring in-service lubricants and can aid in the determination of general machinery health and is not designed for the analysis of lubricant composition, lubricant performance or additive package formulations.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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1.1 This test method covers quantitative procedures for the evaluation of the compatibility of automotive engine oils with several reference elastomers typical of those used in the sealing materials in contact with these oils. Compatibility is evaluated by determining the changes in volume, Durometer A hardness, and tensile properties when the elastomer specimens are immersed in the oil for a specified time and temperature.  
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1.3 This test method provides a preliminary or first order evaluation of oil/elastomer compatibility only. Because seals might be subjected to static or dynamic loads, or both, and they can operate over a range of conditions, a complete evaluation of the potential sealing performance of any elastomer-oil combination in any service condition usually requires tests additional to those described in this test method.  
1.4 The several reference elastomer formulations specified in this test method were chosen to be representative of those used in both heavy-duty diesel engines (detailed in Annex A1) and passenger-car spark-ignition engines (the latter are covered in Annex A2). The procedures described in this test method can, however, also be used to evaluate the compatibility of automotive engine oils with different elastomer types/formulations or different test durations and temperatures to those employed in this test method.
Note 2: In such cases, the precision and bias statement in Section 12 does not apply. In addition to agreeing acceptable limits of precision, where relevant, the user and supplier should also agree:  (1) test temperatures and immersion times to be used; (2) the formulations and typical properties of the elastomers; and (3) the sourcing and quality control of the elastomer sheets.
Note 3: The TMC may also issue In...

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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination and evaluation of flow properties, wear levels, contaminants, and oxidative condition of new and in-service lubricating grease.  
1.2 This test method provides guidance on evaluating in-service grease samples, NLGI grades 00 to 3, for wear, consistency, contamination, and oxidation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3.1 Exception—The exception to this will be where units of references were developed by the developers of the test equipment and necessary to report the results of the test.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
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ASTM
ASTM D7922-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Glycol for In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some glycol/antifreeze dilution of in-service engine oil is normal under typical operating conditions. However, excessive glycol dilution can lead to decreased performance, premature wear, or sudden engine failure. This test method provides a means of quantifying the level of glycol based antifreeze dilution, allowing the user to take necessary action.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of glycol based antifreeze for in-service engine oil by derivative headspace/gas chromatography.  
1.2 Sample is derivatized in-situ directly in a headspace sampling vial prior to vapor phase extraction and injection into a gas chromatograph.  
1.3 The chemistry of the derivatization is unique to the detection of the molecules of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol. 1,3-propylene glycol could also be detected but is not used in any known anti-freeze at this time. Other coolant analyses are beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.4 The derivatization process does not affect glycol breakdown products such as glycolate and formate and hence the presence of these compounds in the oil will not be quantified.  
1.5 The test method concentration range is from 50 µg/g to 1000 µg/g. Lower levels are possible by method modifications. Higher levels are possible through sample dilution.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
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  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off