ASTM C939/C939M-16a

Standard Test Method for Flow of Grout for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete (Flow Cone Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is applicable to the determination of the fluidity of various fluid grout mixtures.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure, used both in the laboratory and in the field, for determining the time of efflux of a specified volume of fluid hydraulic cement grout through a standardized flow cone and used for preplaced-aggregate (PA) concrete; however, the test method may also be used for other fluid grouts.  
1.2 It is for use with neat grout and with grouts containing fine aggregate all passing a 2.36-mm (No. 8) sieve.  
1.3 This test method is intended for use with grout having an efflux time of 35 s or less.  
1.4 When efflux time exceeds 35 s, flowability is better determined by flow table, found in Test Method C109/C109M, using 5 drops in 3 s.  
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice (Note 1).
Note 1: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Jul-2016
• ICS: 91.100.30 - Concrete and concrete products
• Technical Committee: C09 - Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
• Drafting Committee: C09.41 - Hydraulic Cement Grouts

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C939/C939M − 16a
Standard Test Method for
Flow of Grout for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete (Flow Cone
1
Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C939/C939M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers a procedure, used both in the 2.1 ASTM Standards:
laboratory and in the field, for determining the time of efflux of C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
a specified volume of fluid hydraulic cement grout through a Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube
standardized flow cone and used for preplaced-aggregate (PA) Specimens)
concrete; however, the test method may also be used for other C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
fluid grouts. gregates
C219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic Cement
1.2 It is for use with neat grout and with grouts containing
C938 Practice for Proportioning Grout Mixtures for
fine aggregate all passing a 2.36-mm (No. 8) sieve.
Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete
1.3 This test method is intended for use with grout having
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
an efflux time of 35 s or less.
Sieves
1.4 When efflux time exceeds 35 s, flowability is better
3. Terminology
determined by flow table, found in Test Method C109/C109M,
3.1 Definitions:
using 5 drops in 3 s.
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
to Terminologies C125 and C219.
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
4. Summary of Test Method
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
4.1 The time of efflux of a specified volume of grout from a
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
standardized flow cone is measured.
with the standard. Some values have only SI units because the
inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice (Note 1).
5. Significance and Use
NOTE 1—Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Speci-
5.1 This test method is applicable to the determination of
fication E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for
the fluidity of various fluid grout mixtures.
information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
6. Interferences
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
6.1 The presence of solid particles retained on the 2.36-mm
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
(No. 8) sieve or lumps of unmixed material in the grout may
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
cause the grout to flow unevenly through the discharge tube of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the flow cone or stop the flow completely. Uneven flow will
result in slower transit of the grout, thereby indicating a false
consistency.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committe C09 on Concrete
and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.41
2
on Hydraulic Cement Grouts. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2016. Published October 2016. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as C939 – 16. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/C0939-16A. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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C939/C939M − 16a
7. Apparatus 8.2 When sampling and testing is being done for the
purpose of proportioning or comparing mixes or for qualifying
7.1 Flow Cone, with dimensions as shown in Fig. 1. The
materials, the temperature of the dry materials and mixing
discharge tube shall be stainless steel. The body can be
water shall be such that the temperature of the freshly mixed
stainless steel, cast aluminum, or other essentially non-
grout is 23.0 6 2.0°C [73.5 6 3.5°F], unless otherwise
corroding metal.
NOTE 2—Cones with high-density polyethylene bodies are acceptable specified.
for field use in situations where precision as described in this test method
is not required.
9. Calibration of Apparatus
7.2
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C939/C939M − 16 C939/C939M − 16a
Standard Test Method for
Flow of Grout for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete (Flow Cone
1
Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C939/C939M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers a procedure, used both in the laboratory and in the field, for determining the time of efflux of a
specified volume of fluid hydraulic cement grout through a standardized flow cone and used for preplaced-aggregate (PA) concrete;
however, the test method may also be used for other fluid grouts.
1.2 It is for use with neat grout and with grouts containing fine aggregate all passing a 2.36-mm (No. 8) sieve.
1.3 This test method is intended for use with grout having an efflux time of 35 s or less.
1.4 When efflux time exceeds 35 s, flowability is better determined by flow table, found in Test Method C109/C109M, using
5 drops in 3 s.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents
are not used in practice (Note 1).
NOTE 1—Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information
only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens)
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
C219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic Cement
C938 Practice for Proportioning Grout Mixtures for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminologies C125 and C219.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The time of efflux of a specified volume of grout from a standardized flow cone is measured.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committe C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.41 on
Hydraulic Cement Grouts.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2016Aug. 1, 2016. Published March 2016October 2016. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 20102016 as
C939C939 – 16.–10. DOI: 10.1520/C0939-16.10.1520/C0939-16A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C939/C939M − 16a
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is applicable to the determination of the fluidity of various fluid grout mixtures.
6. Interferences
6.1 The presence of solid particles retained on the 2.36-mm (No. 8) sieve or lumps of unmixed material in the grout may cause
the grout to flow unevenly through the discharge tube of the flow cone or stop the flow completely. Uneven flow will result in
slower transit of the grout, thereby indicating a false consistency.
7. Apparatus
7.1 Flow Cone, with dimensions as shown in Fig. 1. The discharge tube shall be stainless steel. The body can be stainless steel,
cast aluminum, or other essentially non-corroding metal.
NOTE 2—Cones with high-density polyethylene bodies are acceptable for field use in situations where precision as described in this test method is not
req
...