ASTM D5764-97a
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Evaluating Dowel-Bearing Strength of Wood and Wood-Base Products
Standard Test Method for Evaluating Dowel-Bearing Strength of Wood and Wood-Base Products
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides the basic procedure for evaluating dowel-bearing strength of wood and wood-base products. The bearing test results are used to determine the static load resistance and deformation characteristics of connections in wood and wood-base products resulting from the application of a load transmitted by a fastener inserted into a predrilled hole, or driven without drilling. Methods are given for preparing specimens with predrilled holes larger than the fastener diameter and specimens with holes produced by inserting fasteners in holes smaller than the fastener diameter. The methods apply to fasteners such as dowels, bolts, nails, spikes, drift pins, screws, lag screws, and staples.
1.2 This test method also provides the basis for determining the compression behavior of wood products beneath a laterally loaded fastener where the thickness of the product and the diameter of the fastener are such that minimal bending of the fastener occurs during testing.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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Designation: D 5764 – 97a
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating Dowel-Bearing Strength of Wood and Wood-
Based Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5764; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
1.1 This test method provides the basic procedure for
3. Terminology
evaluating dowel-bearing strength of wood and wood-based
3.1 Definitions:
products. The bearing test results are used to determine the
3.1.1 dowel-bearing behavior—the load-deformation be-
static load resistance and deformation characteristics of con-
havior of wood or wood-base products laterally loaded by a
nections in wood and wood-base products resulting from the
fastener where the fastener does not bend during loading.
application of a load transmitted by a fastener inserted into a
3.1.2 dowel-bearing strength—yield load obtained from the
predrilled hole, or driven without drilling. Methods are given
load-deformation curve of a dowel-bearing test divided by the
for preparing specimens with predrilled holes larger than the
dowel diameter and specimen thickness.
fastener diameter and specimens with holes produced by
inserting fasteners in holes smaller than the fastener diameter.
4. Summary of Test Method
The methods apply to fasteners such as dowels, bolts, nails,
4.1 Specimens consisting of a single rectangular parallele-
spikes, drift pins, screws, lag screws, and staples.
piped member with a fastener hole perpendicular to the faces of
1.2 This test method also provides the basis for determining
the member are evaluated for the resistance to embedding the
the compression behavior of wood products beneath a laterally
fastener into the fastener hole, so as not to bend the fastener.
loaded fastener where the thickness of the product and the
Tests are conducted on a testing machine at a uniform
diameter of the fastener are such that minimal bending of the
deformation rate, while loads and deformation are measured at
fastener occurs during testing.
various intervals. Supplementary physical properties of the
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
wood or wood-base member are also determined.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Significance and Use
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.1 The localized crushing behavior of wood or wood-base
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
products beneath a fastener where the fastener does not bend
provides a material property that is used in theoretical models
2. Referenced Documents
for connections where crushing or fastener bending, or both,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
occur. These theoretical models are used to establish design
D 143 Methods for Testing Small Clear Specimens of
values for wood and wood-base connections. The tests are
Timber
appropriate when studying the effects of such variables as
D 2395 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Wood and
fastener diameter, fastener hole size, moisture content, specific
Wood-Based Materials
gravity, and grain direction on the dowel-bearing strength.
D 2915 Practice for Evaluating Allowable Properties for
Grades of Structural Lumber
6. Apparatus
D 4442 Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measure-
6.1 Testing Machine—Any suitable testing machine capable
ment of Wood and Wood-Base Materials
of operation at a constant rate of motion of its movable head
and having an accuracy of 61 % when calibrated in accor-
dance with Practices E 4.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-7 on Wood
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.05 on Wood Assemblies.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1997. Published March 1998. Originally
published as D 5764 – 95. Last previous edition D 5764 – 97.
2 3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.10. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 5764 – 97a
NOTE 2—For driven dowels in species that tend to split, larger than
6.2 Deformation Gage—A deformation-measuring device,
minimum dimensions are recommended to prevent splitting during
with a least reading of 0.001 in. (0.025 mm) for measuring the
specimen preparation and testing.
movement of the fastener into the wood or wood-base speci-
8.2.2.1 For specimens that tend to split before the comple-
men.
tion of the test, a full hole test configuration is allowed in Fig.
7. Sampling 2. Minimum dimensions shall be made large enough so
splitting does not occur during fabrication and not less than as
7.1 Sampling shall provide for selection of representative
follows (see Fig. 3):
test specimens which are appropriate to the objectives of the
Thickness $ the smaller of 1 ⁄2 in. (38 mm) or 2 dowel diameters
testing program.
Width $ the larger of 2 in. (50 mm) or 4 dowel diameters
7.2 Sample size shall be estimated using procedures in
Length:
Practice D 2915.
Loaded End $ the larger of 2 in. (50 mm) or 4 dowel diameters
Unloaded End $ the larger of 1 in. (50 mm) or 2 dowel diameters
NOTE 1—The precision required, the manner of sampling, and the
number of tests will depend upon the specific test objectives. General 8.2.3 For wood-base panel products, the minimum thickness
experience indicates that the coefficient of variation from embedment tests
shall be the thickness of the panel. Minimum width and length
ranges from 15 to 30 %.
shall be the same as for solid wood.
8. Specimens
8.1 Wood members shall be selected, and the dowel posi-
tioned in such a way that the results are not affected by knots,
cross grain, or other natural or manufacturing characteristics,
unless the objective of the study is to determine the effect of
such variables. Frequently, this will necessitate selecting mem-
bers which are essentially clear and straight grained. For
wood-based products, specimens shall be selected with regard
to manufactured characteristics.
8.2 Specimen Dimensions:
8.2.1 Specimens shall consist of a rectangular parallele-
piped member with half a dowel hole across one face (see Fig.
1).
8.2.2 For solid wood and wood composites, minimum
dimensions shall be made large enough so splitting does not
occur during fabrication and not less than as follows (see Fig.
1):
Thickness $ the smaller of 1 ⁄2 in. (38 mm), or 2 dowel diameters
Width $ the larger of 2 in. (50 mm) or 4 dowel diameters
Length $ the larger of 2 in. (50 mm) or 4 dowel diameters
NOTE 1—Half of the fastener hole is produced by drilling oversized
hole or by the method shown in Fig. 4.
FIG. 1 Specimen Configuration FIG. 2 Schematic of Testing Setup—Full Hole
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 5764 – 97a
NOTE 1—The procedure is as follows:
(1) Cut specimen at point where fastener is to be driven.
(2) Clamp the two pieces together with sufficient pressure to maintain
contact between adjoining faces during nailing.
(3) Drill lead hole in seam of abutting pieces.
(4) Drive fastener in lead hole.
(5) Remove clamps and smaller piece.
(6) The remaining piece is the test specimen with the fastener inserted
in the hole.
FIG. 4 Means of Producing a Half-Hole Specimen When the
Fastener Cannot Be Removed Without Affecting the Hole Surface
10. Procedure
10.1 Half-Hole Testing Setup—Place the dowel in the dowel
hole.
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