ASTM A427/A427M-10

Standard Specification for Wrought Alloy Steel Rolls for Cold and Hot Reduction

ABSTRACT
This specification deals with carbon and alloy steel forgings (including gas bottles) for use in thin-walled pressure vessels. Covered here are the following grades of steel forgings: Grade A; Grade B; Grade C; Grade D; Grade E, Classes 55, 65, and 70; Grade F, Classes 55, 65, and 70; Grade G, Classes 55, 65, and 70; Grade H, Classes 55, 65, and 70; Grade J, Classes 55, 65, and 70; Grade K; Grade L; Grade J, Class 110; and Grade M, Classes 85 and 100. Materials shall be manufactured by melting procedures, and optionally heat treated by normalization, normalization and tempering, or liquid-quenching and tempering. Heat and product analyses shall be performed wherein steel specimens shall conform to required chemical compositions of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, and vanadium. Steel materials shall also undergo bending, flattening and hardness tests and shall conform to required values of tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and hardness. Forgings shall be subjected to magnetic particle examination as well.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers homogeneous wrought hardened alloy steel rolls for use in cold or hot reduction of flat rolled ferrous and nonferrous products.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2010
• ICS: 77.140.60 - Steel bars and rods
• ICS: 77.140.99 - Other iron and steel products
• Technical Committee: A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
• Drafting Committee: A01.06 - Steel Forgings and Billets

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM A427-02(2007) - Standard Specification for Wrought Alloy Steel Rolls for Cold and Hot Reduction
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2010
• Replaced By: ASTM A427/A427M-10(2015) - Standard Specification for Wrought Alloy Steel Rolls for Cold and Hot Reduction (Withdrawn 2018)
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2015

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:A427/A427M −10
StandardSpecification for
1
Wrought Alloy Steel Rolls for Cold and Hot Reduction
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA427/A427M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3. Ordering Information
1.1 This specification covers homogeneous wrought hard- 3.1 The purchaser shall specify in the inquiry, contract, or
ened alloy steel rolls for use in cold or hot reduction of flat order the complete dimensions, hardness range, surface finish,
rolled ferrous and nonferrous products. and use. Any other requirements shall also be specified.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units 3.2 Material supplied to this specification shall conform to
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, which out-
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each lines additional ordering information, manufacturing
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining requirements, testing and retesting methods and procedures,
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance marking, certification, product analysis variations, and addi-
with the standard. tional supplementary requirements.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Process
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 The steel shall be made by the electric-furnace process.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Additional refining by vacuum arc remelt or electroslag is
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
permitted.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Manufacture
2. Referenced Documents
2
5.1 The forged rolls shall receive their hot mechanical work
2.1 ASTM Standards:
under a press or hammer of ample capacity to work the metal
A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-
throughout its section. However, 6-in. [150-mm] diameter or
quirements
less rolls may be produced from rolled bars.
A956 Test Method for Leeb Hardness Testing of Steel
Products
6. Discard
E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-
6.1 Sufficient discard shall be made from each ingot to
terials
secure freedom from piping and undue segregation.
E92 Test Method forVickers Hardness of Metallic Materials
3
(Withdrawn 2010)
7. Chemical Requirements
E140 Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals Relationship
7.1 Unless specified by the purchaser, the chemical require-
Among Brinell Hardness, Vickers Hardness, Rockwell
ments shall be at the discretion of the manufacturer.
Hardness, Superficial Hardness, Knoop Hardness, Sclero-
scope Hardness, and Leeb Hardness
8. Heat Treatment
E448 Practice for Scleroscope Hardness Testing of Metallic
8.1 The method of heat treatment and hardening shall be at
Materials
the option of the manufacturer.
1
9. Hardness Requirements
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
9.1 The manufacturer shall supply rolls to the hardness
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.
ranges agreed upon by the purchaser and the manufacturer.
Current edition approved April 1, 2010. Published April 2010. Originally
approved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as A427 – 02 (2007).
9.2 Ahardness range of either 5 points Shore scleroscope or
DOI: 10.1520/A0427_A0427M-10.
2
100 numbers Vickers hardness is permissible.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on 10. Hardness Testing
the ASTM website.
3
10.1 Each roll shall be tested for hardness and shall be
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. within limits specified on the order. The Shore forged roll
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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A427/A427M−10
A
TABLE 1 Approximate Relationship Between Shore HFRS Scleroscope and Diamond Pyramid Hardness for Wrought Hardened Alloy
c
Steel Rolls
NOTE 1—This table is recommended for rolls over 6 in. [150 mm] in diameter. There is a tendency for rolls smaller than 6 in. in diameter with the
same Vickers hardness to show lower scleroscope readings.
NOTE 2— For scleroscope hardness determina
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:A427–02 (Reapproved 2007) Designation: A427/A427M – 10
Standard Specification for
1
Wrought Alloy Steel Rolls for Cold and Hot Reduction
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA427/A427M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers homogeneous wrought hardened alloy steel rolls for use in cold or hot reduction of flat rolled
ferrous and nonferrous products.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements
A956 Test Method for Leeb Hardness Testing of Steel Products
E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Materials
E92 Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Materials
E140 Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals Relationship Among Brinell Hardness, Vickers Hardness, Rockwell Hardness,
Superficial Hardness, Knoop Hardness, and Scleroscope Hardness
E448 Practice for Scleroscope Hardness Testing of Metallic Materials
3. Ordering Information
3.1 The purchaser shall specify in the inquiry, contract, or order the complete dimensions, hardness range, surface finish, and
use. Any other requirements shall also be specified.
3.2 Material supplied to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, which outlines
additional ordering information, manufacturing requirements, testing and retesting methods and procedures, marking, certification,
product analysis variations, and additional supplementary requirements.
4. Process
4.1 Thesteelshallbemadebytheelectric-furnaceprocess.Additionalrefiningbyvacuumarcremeltorelectroslagispermitted.
5. Manufacture
5.1 The forged rolls shall receive their hot mechanical work under a press or hammer of ample capacity to work the metal
throughout its section. However, 6-in. (152-mm)[150-mm] diameter or less rolls may be produced from rolled bars.
6. Discard
6.1 Sufficient discard shall be made from each ingot to secure freedom from piping and undue segregation.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM CommitteeA01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.06
on Steel Forgings and Billets.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally approved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as A427–02. DOI:
10.1520/A0427-02R07.
Current edition approved April 1, 2010. Published April 2010. Originally approved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as A427 – 02 (2007). DOI:
10.1520/A0427_A0427M-10.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*ASummary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A427/A427M – 10
7. Chemical Requirements
7.1 Unless specified by the purchaser, the chemical requirements shall be at the discretion of the manufacturer.
8. Heat Treatment
8.1 The method of heat treatment and hardening shall be at the option of the manufacturer.
9. Hardness Requirements
9.1 The manufacturer shall supply rolls to the hardness ranges agreed upon by the purchaser and the manufacturer.
9.2 A hardness range of either 5 points Shore scleroscope or 100 numbers Vickers hardness is permissible.
10. Hardness Testing
10.1 Each roll shall be tested for hardness and shall be within limits specified on the order. The Shore forged roll scleroscope
(HFRS or HFRS ), Rockwell hardnes
...