ASTM D2766-95(2005)

Standard Test Method for Specific Heat of Liquids and Solids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The specific heat or heat capacity of a substance is a thermodynamic property that is a measure of the amount of energy required to produce a given temperature change within a unit quantity of that substance. It is used in engineering calculations that relate to the manner in which a given system may react to thermal stresses.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the heat capacity of liquids and solids. It is applicable to liquids and solids that are chemically compatible with stainless steel, that have a vapor pressure less than 13.3 kPa (100 torr), and that do not undergo phase transformation throughout the range of test temperatures. The specific heat of materials with higher vapor pressures can be determined if their vapor pressures are known throughout the range of test temperatures.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-May-2005
• ICS: 17.200.10 - Heat. Calorimetry
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.L0.07 - Engineering Sciences of High Performance Fluids and Solids (Formally D02.1100)

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D2766-95(2000) - Standard Test Method for Specific Heat of Liquids and Solids
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2005
• Replaced By: ASTM D2766-95(2009) - Standard Test Method for Specific Heat of Liquids and Solids (Withdrawn 2018)
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2009
• Referred By: ASTM F790-23 - Standard Guide for Testing Materials for Aerospace Plastic Transparent Enclosures
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2005
• Referred By: ASTM F942-18(2023)e1 - Standard Guide for Selection of Test Methods for Interlayer Materials for Aerospace Transparent Enclosures
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2005
• Referred By: ASTM D8180-23 - Standard Specification for Rerefined Mineral Insulating Liquid Used in Electrical Apparatus
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2005
• Referred By: ASTM D7665-22 - Standard Guide for Evaluation of Biodegradable Heat Transfer Fluids
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2005
• Referred By: ASTM D7863-22 - Standard Guide for Evaluation of Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient of Liquids
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2005
• Referred By: ASTM D117-22 - Standard Guide for Sampling, Test Methods, and Specifications for Electrical Insulating Liquids
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2005
• Referred By: ASTM D6871-17 - Standard Specification for Natural (Vegetable Oil) Ester Fluids Used in Electrical Apparatus
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2005
• Referred By: ASTM D3487-16e1 - Standard Specification for Mineral Insulating Oil Used in Electrical Apparatus
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2005
• Referred By: ASTM E1652-21 - Standard Specification for Magnesium Oxide and Aluminum Oxide Powder and Crushable Insulators Used in the Manufacture of Base Metal Thermocouples, Metal-Sheathed Platinum Resistance Thermometers, and Noble Metal Thermocouples
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2005
• Referred By: ASTM D8240-22e1 - Standard Specification for Less-Flammable Synthetic Ester Liquids Used in Electrical Apparatus
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2005
• Referred By: ASTM C1470-20 - Standard Guide for Testing the Thermal Properties of Advanced Ceramics
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2005
• Referred By: ASTM C1783-15 - Standard Guide for Development of Specifications for Fiber Reinforced Carbon-Carbon Composite Structures for Nuclear Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2005
• Referred By: ASTM C1793-15 - Standard Guide for Development of Specifications for Fiber Reinforced Silicon Carbide-Silicon Carbide Composite Structures for Nuclear Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2005

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2766 – 95 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Test Method for
1
Specific Heat of Liquids and Solids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2766; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
T = temperature of hot zone, °C,
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the heat
f
T = initial temperature of calorimeter, °C,
capacity of liquids and solids. It is applicable to liquids and c
T8 = T − T =temperature differential, °C,
f c
solids that are chemically compatible with stainless steel, that
R = resistance of nominal 1-V standard resistor,
1
haveavaporpressurelessthan13.3kPa(100torr),andthatdo
R = resistance of nominal 100-V standard resistor,
100
not undergo phase transformation throughout the range of test
R = resistance of nominal 10 000-V standard resis-
10 000
temperatures. The specific heat of materials with higher vapor
tor,
pressurescanbedeterminediftheirvaporpressuresareknown
E = emf across nominal 1-V standard resistor,
1
throughout the range of test temperatures.
E = emf across nominal 100-V standard resistor,
100
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
E = emf across nominal 10 000-V standard resis-
10 000
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
tor,
only.
t = timeofapplicationofcalibrationheatercurrent,
c
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
s,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
q = total heat developed by calibration heater, cal,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
DE = total heat effect for container, mV,
c
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
DE = total heat effect for sample+container, mV,
s
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. De = total heat effect for calibration of calorimeter
c
system during container run, mV,
2. Referenced Documents
De = total heat effect for calibration of calorimeter
s
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: system during sample run, mV,
DH = total enthalpy change for container changing
D1217 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Spe-
c
from T to T ,
cific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham Pycnometer
f c
DH = total enthalpy change for sample plus container
T
3. Terminology
changing from T to T ,
f c
DH = totalenthalpychangeforsamplechangingfrom
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
s
T to T ,
3.1.1 specific heat—the ratio of the amount of heat needed f c
F = calorimeter factor,
to raise the temperature of a mass of the substance by a
W = weight of sample corrected for air buoyancy
specified amount to that required to raise the temperature of an
d = density of sample at T,
f f
equal mass of water by the same amount, assuming no phase
d = density of sample at T ,
c c
change in either case.
V = total volume of sample container,
T
3.2 Symbols:
V = volume of sample vapor at T,
f f
V = volume of sample vapor at T ,
c c
P = vapor pressure of sample at T,
f f
1
This test method is under jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
P = vapor pressure of sample at T ,
c c
ProductsandLubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD02.11on
N = moles sample vapor at T,
f f
Engineering Sciences of High Performance Fluids and Solids.
N = moles sample vapor at T ,
Current edition approved June 1, 2005. Published September 2005. Originally
c c
approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D2766–95(2000).
N = moles sample vapor condensed,
DOI: 10.1520/D2766-95R05.
DH = heat of vaporization of sample,
v
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
R = gas constant, and
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
K = heat of vaporization correction.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 3.3 Units:
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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D2766 – 95 (2005)
3.3.1 The energy and thermal (heat) capacity units used in
this method are defined as follows:
1 cal (International Table)=4.1868 J
1 Btu (British thermal unit, International Table)=
1055.06 J
1 Btu/lb °F=1 cal/g °C
1 Btu/lb °F=4.1868 J/g K
3.3.2 For all but the most precise measurements made with
this method the rounded-off value of 4.19 J/cal can be used as
this is adequate for the precision of the test and avoids the
difficulty caused by the dual definition of the calorie.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1
...